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Lu X, Ma Y, Jiang S, Wang Z, Yu Q, Ji C, Guo J, Kong X. Quantitative monitoring ofloxacin in beef by TLC-SERS combined with machine learning analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123790. [PMID: 38142496 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ofloxacin is one kind of quinolone antibiotic drugs, the abuse of ofloxacin in livestock and aquaculture may bring bacterial resistance and healthy problem of people. The illegally feeding cattle with ofloxacin will help it keep health, but the sedimentation of ofloxacin could bring problem in food safety. The accurate, simple and instant monitoring ofloxacin from beef by portable sensor was of vital issue in food quality. A simple and reliable method was proposed for instant and quantitative detecting ofloxacin in beef, in which the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was in tandem with machine learning analysis base one principal component analysis-back propagation neural network (PCA-BPNN). The TLC plate was composed with diatomite, that was function as the stationary phase to separate ofloxacin from beef. The real beef juice was directly casted onto the diatomite plate for separating and detecting. The directly monitor ofloxacin from beef was achieved and the sensitivity down to 0.01 ppm. The PCA-BPNN was used as reliable model for quantitative predict the concentration of ofloxacin, that shown superior accuracy compared with the traditional model. The results verify that the diatomite plate TLC-SERS combined with machine-learning analysis is an effective, simple and accurate technique for detecting and quantifying antibiotic drug in meat stuff to improve the food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Lu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Yidan Ma
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China; International Education College, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Shangkun Jiang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Zice Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China; International Education College, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Ji
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China; Engineering Training Centre, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xianming Kong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China; International Education College, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, PR China.
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Wardecki D, Dołowy M, Bober-Majnusz K. Evaluation of the Usefulness of Topological Indices for Predicting Selected Physicochemical Properties of Bioactive Substances with Anti-Androgenic and Hypouricemic Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5822. [PMID: 37570792 PMCID: PMC10420683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the observed increase in the importance of computational methods in determining selected physicochemical parameters of biologically active compounds that are key to understanding their ADME/T profile, such as lipophilicity, there is a great need to work on accurate and precise in silico models based on some structural descriptors, such as topological indices for predicting lipophilicity of certain anti-androgenic and hypouricemic agents and their derivatives, for which the experimental lipophilicity parameter is not accurately described in the available literature, e.g., febuxostat, oxypurinol, ailanthone, abiraterone and teriflunomide. Therefore, the following topological indices were accurately calculated in this paper: Gutman (M, Mν), Randić (0χ, 1χ, 0χν, 1χν), Wiener (W), Rouvray-Crafford (R) and Pyka (A, 0B, 1B) for the selected anti-androgenic drugs (abiraterone, bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide, leflunomide, teriflunomide, ailanthone) and some hypouricemic compounds (allopurinol, oxypurinol, febuxostat). Linear regression analysis was used to create simple linear correlations between the newly calculated topological indices and some physicochemical parameters, including lipophilicity descriptors of the tested compounds (previously obtained by TLC and theoretical methods). Our studies confirmed the usefulness of the obtained linear regression equations based on topological indices to predict ADME/T important parameters, such as lipophilicity descriptors of tested compounds with anti-androgenic and hypouricemic effects. The proposed calculation method based on topological indices is fast, easy to use and avoids valuable and lengthy laboratory experiments required in the case of experimental ADME/T studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Wardecki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dołowy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Bober-Majnusz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Comparative Study of the Lipophilicity of Selected Anti-Androgenic and Blood Uric Acid Lowering Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010166. [PMID: 36615359 PMCID: PMC9821840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the lipophilicity of a series substances lowering the concentration of uric acid in blood and anti-androgen drugs by thin-layer chromatography in reversed-phase systems (RP-TLC, RP-HPTLC) and computational methods. The chromatographic parameter of lipophilicity (RMW) of tested compounds was determined on three stationary phases, i.e., RP18F254, RP18WF254 and RP2F254, using ethanol-water, propan-2-ol-water and acetonitrile-water in various volume compositions as mobile phases. The chromatographic analysis led to determining the experimental value of the lipophilicity parameter for each of the tested compounds, including those for which the experimental value of the partition coefficient (logPexp) as a measure of lipophilicity is not well described in available databases, such as febuxostat, oxypurinol, ailanthone, abiraterone and teriflunomide. The chromatographic parameters of lipophilicity were compared with the logP values obtained with various software packages, such as AClogP, AlogPs, AlogP, MlogP, XlogP2, XlogP3, ACD/logP and logPKOWWIN. The obtained results indicate that, among selected chromatographic parameters of lipophilicity, both experimental and calculated logP values gave similar results, and these RP-TLC or RP-HPTLC systems can be successfully applied to estimate the lipophilicity of studied heterocyclic compounds belonging to two different pharmacological groups. This work also illustrates the similarity and difference existing between the tested compounds under study using the chemometric methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). In addition, a relatively new approach based on the sum of ranking differences (SRD) was used to compare the chromatographically obtained and theoretical lipophilicity descriptors of studied compounds.
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Zhang M, Yu Q, Guo J, Wu B, Kong X. Review of Thin-Layer Chromatography Tandem with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Detection of Analytes in Mixture Samples. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:937. [PMID: 36354446 PMCID: PMC9687685 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the real world, analytes usually exist in complex systems, and this makes direct detection by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) difficult. Thin layer chromatography tandem with SERS (TLC-SERS) has many advantages in analysis such as separation effect, instant speed, simple process, and low cost. Therefore, the TLC-SERS has great potential for detecting analytes in mixtures without sample pretreatment. The review demonstrates TLC-SERS applications in diverse analytical relevant topics such as environmental pollutants, illegal additives, pesticide residues, toxic ingredients, biological molecules, and chemical substances. Important properties such as stationary phase, separation efficiency, and sensitivity are discussed. In addition, future perspectives for improving the efficiency of TLC-SERS in real sample detecting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Xianming Kong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
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Król SK, Bębenek E, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Sławińska-Brych A, Boryczka S, Stepulak A. Acetylenic Synthetic Betulin Derivatives Inhibit Akt and Erk Kinases Activity, Trigger Apoptosis and Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12299. [PMID: 34830180 PMCID: PMC8624615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumors, still represent an important clinical challenge since no effective treatment is available for metastatic and recurrent disease. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new chemotherapeutics to improve the outcome of patients. Betulin (Bet), a triterpenoid from the bark of birches, demonstrated interesting anti-cancer potential. The modification of natural phytochemicals with evidenced anti-tumor activity, including Bet, is one of the methods of receiving new compounds for potential implementation in oncological treatment. Here, we showed that two acetylenic synthetic Bet derivatives (ASBDs), EB5 and EB25/1, reduced the viability and proliferation of SK-N-AS and TE671 cells, as measured by MTT and BrdU tests, respectively. Moreover, ASBDs were also more cytotoxic than temozolomide (TMZ) and cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum [II], CDDP) in vitro, and the combination of EB5 with CDDP enhanced anti-cancer effects. We also showed the slowdown of cell cycle progression at S/G2 phases mediated by EB5 using FACS flow cytometry. The decreased viability and proliferation of pediatric cancers cells after treatment with ASBDs was linked to the reduced activity of kinases Akt, Erk1/2 and p38 and the induction of apoptosis, as investigated using Western blotting and FACS. In addition, in silico analyses of the ADMET profile found EB5 to be a promising anti-cancer drug candidate that would benefit from further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia K. Król
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Magdalena Dmoszyńska-Graniczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
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Dołowy M, Jampilek J, Bober-Majnusz K. A Comparative Study of the Lipophilicity of Metformin and Phenformin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216613. [PMID: 34771022 PMCID: PMC8588420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The results presented in this paper confirm the beneficial role of an easy-to-use and low-cost thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique for describing the retention behavior and the experimental lipophilicity parameter of two biguanide derivatives, metformin and phenformin, in both normal-phase (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) TLC systems. The retention parameters (RF, RM) obtained under different chromatographic conditions, i.e., various stationary and mobile phases in the NP-TLC and RP-TLC systems, were used to determine the lipophilicity parameter (RMW) of metformin and phenformin. This study confirms the poor lipophilicity of both metformin and phenformin. It can be stated that the optimization of chromatographic conditions, i.e., the kind of stationary phase and the composition of mobile phase, was needed to obtain the reliable value of the chromatographic lipophilicity parameter (RMW) in this study. The fewer differences in the RMW values of both biguanide derivatives were ensured by the RP-TLC system composed of RP2, RP18, and RP18W plates and the mixture composed of methanol, propan-1-ol, and acetonitrile as an organic modifier compared to the NP-TLC analysis. The new calculation procedures for logP of drugs based on topological indices 0χν, 0χ, 1χν, M, and Mν may be a certain alternative to other algorithms as well as the TLC procedure performed under optimized chromatographic conditions. The knowledge of different lipophilicity parameters of the studied biguanides can be useful in the future design of novel and more therapeutically effective metformin and phenformin formulations for antidiabetic and possible anticancer treatment. Moreover, the topological indices presented in this work may be further used in the QSAR study of the examined biguanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dołowy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (J.J.)
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (J.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Bober-Majnusz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Günther A, Makuch E, Nowak A, Duchnik W, Kucharski Ł, Pełech R, Klimowicz A. Enhancement of the Antioxidant and Skin Permeation Properties of Betulin and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:3435. [PMID: 34198892 PMCID: PMC8201114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant activity DPPH, ABTS, and Folin-Ciocalteu methods of betulin (compound 1) and its derivatives (compounds 2-11). Skin permeability and accumulation associated with compounds 1 and 8 were also examined. Identification of the obtained products (compound 2-11) and betulin isolated from plant material was based on the analysis of 1H- NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The partition coefficient was calculated to determine the lipophilicity of all compounds. In the next stage, the penetration through pig skin and its accumulation in the skin were evaluated of ethanol vehicles containing compound 8 (at a concentration of 0.226 mmol/dm3), which was characterized by the highest antioxidant activity. For comparison, penetration studies of betulin itself were also carried out. Poor solubility and the bioavailability of pure compounds are major constraints in combination therapy. However, we observed that the ethanol vehicle was an enhancer of skin permeation for both the initial betulin and compound 8. The betulin 8 derivative showed increased permeability through biological membranes compared to the parent betulin. The paper presents the transformation of polycyclic compounds to produce novel derivatives with marked antioxidant activities and as valuable intermediates for the pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, the compounds contained in the vehicles, due to their mechanism of action, can have a beneficial effect on the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body, minimizing the effects of oxidative stress. The results of this work may contribute to knowledge regarding vehicles with antioxidant potential. The use of vehicles for this type of research is therefore justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Günther
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Edyta Makuch
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Wiktoria Duchnik
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Robert Pełech
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.N.); (W.D.); (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
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Kadela-Tomanek M, Jastrzębska M, Marciniec K, Chrobak E, Bębenek E, Boryczka S. Lipophilicity, Pharmacokinetic Properties, and Molecular Docking Study on SARS-CoV-2 Target for Betulin Triazole Derivatives with Attached 1,4-Quinone. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060781. [PMID: 34071116 PMCID: PMC8224687 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A key parameter in the design of new active compounds is lipophilicity, which influences the solubility and permeability through membranes. Lipophilicity affects the pharmacodynamic and toxicological profiles of compounds. These parameters can be determined experimentally or by using different calculation methods. The aim of the research was to determine the lipophilicity of betulin triazole derivatives with attached 1,4-quinone using thin layer chromatography in a reverse phase system and a computer program to calculate its theoretical model. The physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were also determined by computer programs. For all obtained parameters, the similarity analysis and multilinear regression were determined. The analyses showed that there is a relationship between structure and properties under study. The molecular docking study showed that betulin triazole derivatives with attached 1,4-quinone could inhibit selected SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The MLR regression showed that there is a correlation between affinity scoring values (ΔG) and the physicochemical properties of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kadela-Tomanek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.M.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-3641666
| | - Maria Jastrzębska
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Marciniec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.M.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.M.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.M.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.M.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
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Chromatographic and Computational Screening of Lipophilicity and Pharmacokinetics of Newly Synthesized Betulin-1,4-quinone Hybrids. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilicity is one of the most important parameters determining the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, as well as the toxicity of many compounds. The subject of the research was to determine the lipophilicity of betulin-1,4-quinone hybrids using thin layer chromatography in reverse phase system and computer programs to calculate its theoretical models. The correlation between the experimental and theoretical values of lipophilicity was analyzed. Lipinski’s and Veber’s rules, as well as penetration through the blood–brain barrier were also determined using computer programs. For all of the analyzed values, a similarity analysis was performed. The dendrograms for the experimental and theoretical lipophilicity show that there is a correlation between them. However, the dendrograms for the experimental lipophilicity and pharmacokinetic parameters indicate that there is no correlation between the structure and the pharmacological properties. Hybrids exhibit a high biological activity against cancer cell lines, with a high level of NAD[P]H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) protein. The enzymatic assay used has shown that these compounds are good NQO1 substrates, as evidenced by the increasing metabolic rates relative to that of streptonigrin. The similarity analysis has also shown that there is no correlation between lipophilicity and biological activity for the tested compounds.
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Molecular Structure, In Vitro Anticancer Study and Molecular Docking of New Phosphate Derivatives of Betulin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030737. [PMID: 33572631 PMCID: PMC7866984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 30-diethylphosphate derivatives of betulin were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, such as amelanotic melanoma (C-32), glioblastoma (SNB-19), and two lines of breast cancer (T47D, MDA-MB-231). The molecular structure and activities of the new compounds were also compared with their 29-phosphonate analogs. Compounds 7a and 7b showed the highest activity against C-32 and SNB-19 cell lines. The IC50 values for 7a were 2.15 and 0.91 μM, and, for 7b, they were 0.76 and 0.8 μM for the C-32 and SNB-19 lines, respectively. The most potent compounds, 7a and 7b, were tested for their effects on markers of apoptosis, such as H3, TP53, BAX, and BCL-2. For the whole series of phosphate derivatives, a lipophilicity study was performed, and the ADME parameters were calculated. The most active products were docked to the active site of the EGFR protein. The relative binding affinity of selected phosphate betulin derivatives toward EGFR was compared with standard erlotinib on the basis of ChemScore and KDEEP score. Positively, all derivatives docked inside the cavity and showed significant interactions. Moreover, a molecular dynamics study also reveals that ligands 7a,b form stable complexes and the plateau phase started after 7 ns.
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