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Zeng J, Xie C, Huang Z, Cho CH, Chan H, Li Q, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Wong SH, Yu J, Gong W, Liang C, Xu H, Chen H, Liu X, Wu JCY, Ip M, Gin T, Zhang L, Chan MTV, Hu W, Wu WKK. LOX-1 acts as an N 6-methyladenosine-regulated receptor for Helicobacter pylori by binding to the bacterial catalase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:669. [PMID: 38253620 PMCID: PMC10803311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of host mRNA during bacterial infection is unclear. Here, we show that Helicobacter pylori infection upregulates host m6A methylases and increases m6A levels in gastric epithelial cells. Reducing m6A methylase activity via hemizygotic deletion of methylase-encoding gene Mettl3 in mice, or via small interfering RNAs targeting m6A methylases, enhances H. pylori colonization. We identify LOX-1 mRNA as a key m6A-regulated target during H. pylori infection. m6A modification destabilizes LOX-1 mRNA and reduces LOX-1 protein levels. LOX-1 acts as a membrane receptor for H. pylori catalase and contributes to bacterial adhesion. Pharmacological inhibition of LOX-1, or genetic ablation of Lox-1, reduces H. pylori colonization. Moreover, deletion of the bacterial catalase gene decreases adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric sections. Our results indicate that m6A modification of host LOX-1 mRNA contributes to protection against H. pylori infection by downregulating LOX-1 and thus reducing H. pylori adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ziheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi H Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Howard University Hospital, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Margaret Ip
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Gin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - William K K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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唐 智, 符 立, 刘 人, 陈 昱, 别 明, 王 保. [Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori Intracellular Infection and Reflections Concerning Clinical Practice]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:1300-1305. [PMID: 38162071 PMCID: PMC10752795 DOI: 10.12182/20231160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), for a long time, has generally been considered an extracellular bacterium. However, recent findings have shown that H. pylori can gain entry into host cells, evade attacks from the host immune system and the killing ability of medication, form stable intracellular ecological niche, and achieve re-release into the extracellular environment, thus causing recurrent infections. H. pylori intracellular infection causes cellular signaling and metabolic alterations, which may be closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of tumors, thereby presenting new challenges for clinical eradicative treatment of H. pylori. Herein, examining this issue from a clinical perspective, we reviewed reported findings on the mechanisms of how H. pylori achieved intracellular infection, including the breaching of the host cell biological barrier, immune evasion, and resistance to autophagy. In addition, we discussed our reflections and the prospects of important questions concerning H. pylori, including the clinical prevention and control strategy, intracellular derivation, and the damage to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 智慧 唐
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 立发 符
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 人捷 刘
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 昱作 陈
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 明江 别
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 保宁 王
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Khan H, Rauf F, Muhammad N, Javaid M, Alam S, Nasir S. Comparison of special stains (Giemsa stain and Modified Toluidine Blue stain) with immunohistochemistry as gold standard for the detection of H. pylori in gastric biopsies. Arab J Gastroenterol 2022; 23:75-81. [PMID: 35484045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been extensively implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of gastric ulcers and carcinomas, which has necessitated its efficient and cost-effective identification in gastric biopsy samples. We have sought to compare various staining methods, namely, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Giemsa, and Modified Toluidine Blue (MTB), with immunohistochemistry (IHC; gold standard) in terms of efficacy, staining costs, and duration of performing the stains in settings with limited resources. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gastric biopsy specimens of 50 patients who presented with gastritis symptoms were stained with H&E, Giemsa, MTB, and IHC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for each stain. RESULTS In all, 32 cases of 50 were positive for H. pylori on IHC. The specificity for both H&E and Giemsa was 88.8%, whereas it was lower for MTB (83.3%). The sensitivity of H&E was much lower (46.8%) compared with the other stains (90.6% Giemsa, 93.7% MTB). The most inexpensive and time-consuming stain was H&E followed by MTB and Giemsa. CONCLUSION When H&E is used alone for H. pylori detection, a significant number of cases may be overlooked, especially mild inflammatory cases and when coccoid forms of the bacteria are present. This study proposes the use of either Giemsa or MTB as reliable alternatives for IHC in resource-limited settings to combat the high prevalence of H. pylori in the developing world.
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Tasse J, Dieppois G, Peyrane F, Tesse N. Improving the ability of antimicrobial susceptibility tests to predict clinical outcome accurately: Adding metabolic evasion to the equation. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2182-2189. [PMID: 34119667 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) are based on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the method used worldwide to guide antimicrobial therapy. Despite its relevance in correctly predicting clinical outcome for most acute infections, this approach is misleading for multiple clinical cases in which pathogens do not grow rapidly, uniformly or with physical protection. This behaviour, named 'metabolic evasion' (ME), enables bacteria to survive antimicrobials. ME can result from different, and sometimes combined, bacterial mechanisms such as biofilms, intracellular growth, persisters or dormancy. We discuss how ME can influence the MIC-based probability of target attainment. We identify clinical cases in which this approach is undermined by ME and propose a new approach that takes ME into account in order to improve patient management and the evaluation of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tasse
- BTF-E Group, BEAM Alliance, Le Dorian Bât B1 C/O Da Volterra, 172 Rue de Charonne, 75011 Paris, France; Biofilm Pharma, 307 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Guennaëlle Dieppois
- BTF-E Group, BEAM Alliance, Le Dorian Bât B1 C/O Da Volterra, 172 Rue de Charonne, 75011 Paris, France; Debiopharm, Chemin Messidor 5-7, Case postale 5911, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Peyrane
- BTF-E Group, BEAM Alliance, Le Dorian Bât B1 C/O Da Volterra, 172 Rue de Charonne, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tesse
- BTF-E Group, BEAM Alliance, Le Dorian Bât B1 C/O Da Volterra, 172 Rue de Charonne, 75011 Paris, France; Septeos, 12 Avenue de la Grande Armée, 75017 Paris, France.
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Sze S, Pan D, Nevill CR, Gray LJ, Martin CA, Nazareth J, Minhas JS, Divall P, Khunti K, Abrams KR, Nellums LB, Pareek M. Ethnicity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 29:100630. [PMID: 33200120 PMCID: PMC7658622 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients from ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the relationship between ethnicity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19. METHODS Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PROSPERO, Cochrane library and MedRxiv) were searched up to 31st August 2020, for studies reporting COVID-19 data disaggregated by ethnicity. Outcomes were: risk of infection; intensive therapy unit (ITU) admission and death. PROSPERO ID: 180654. FINDINGS 18,728,893 patients from 50 studies were included; 26 were peer-reviewed; 42 were from the United States of America and 8 from the United Kingdom. Individuals from Black and Asian ethnicities had a higher risk of COVID-19 infection compared to White individuals. This was consistent in both the main analysis (pooled adjusted RR for Black: 2.02, 95% CI 1.67-2.44; pooled adjusted RR for Asian: 1.50, 95% CI 1.24-1.83) and sensitivity analyses examining peer-reviewed studies only (pooled adjusted RR for Black: 1.85, 95%CI: 1.46-2.35; pooled adjusted RR for Asian: 1.51, 95% CI 1.22-1.88). Individuals of Asian ethnicity may also be at higher risk of ITU admission (pooled adjusted RR 1.97 95% CI 1.34-2.89) (but no studies had yet been peer-reviewed) and death (pooled adjusted RR/HR 1.22 [0.99-1.50]). INTERPRETATION Individuals of Black and Asian ethnicity are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared to White individuals; Asians may be at higher risk of ITU admission and death. These findings are of critical public health importance in informing interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality amongst ethnic minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Sze
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Clareece R Nevill
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Nazareth
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinder S Minhas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Pip Divall
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Education Centre Library, Glenfield Hospital and Leicester Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R Abrams
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura B Nellums
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom
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