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Tsiakos K, Gavrielatou N, Vathiotis IA, Chatzis L, Chatzis S, Poulakou G, Kotteas E, Syrigos NK. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101673. [PMID: 36298538 PMCID: PMC9611078 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A vital function of the immune system is the modulation of an evolving immune response. It is responsible for guarding against a wide variety of pathogens as well as the establishment of memory responses to some future hostile encounters. Simultaneously, it maintains self-tolerance and minimizes collateral tissue damage at sites of inflammation. In recent years, the regulation of T-cell responses to foreign or self-protein antigens and maintenance of balance between T-cell subsets have been linked to a distinct class of cell surface and extracellular components, the immune checkpoint molecules. The fact that both cancer and viral infections exploit similar, if not the same, immune checkpoint molecules to escape the host immune response highlights the need to study the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on viral infections. More importantly, the process through which immune checkpoint blockade completely changed the way we approach cancer could be the key to decipher the potential role of immunotherapy in the therapeutic algorithm of viral infections. This review focuses on the effect of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade on the outcome of viral infections in cancer patients as well as the potential benefit from the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsiakos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Niki Gavrielatou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ioannis A. Vathiotis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukas Chatzis
- Pathophysiology Department, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Chatzis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Hippokration” Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Poulakou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Kotteas
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos K. Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
- Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Einarsson J. Vaccination considerations for patients receiving cancer therapy. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2022; 68:751-752. [PMID: 36241417 PMCID: PMC9833152 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6810751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Einarsson
- Family physician at Cornelia Court Family Medicine in Smiths Falls, Ont, and practises emergency medicine at the Smiths Falls site of the Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital
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Gambichler T, Reuther J, Scheel CH, Becker JC. On the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with viral infections including COVID-19. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001145. [PMID: 32611687 PMCID: PMC7358098 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes up-to-date evidence addressing the frequently discussed clinical controversies regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients with viral infections, including AIDS, hepatitis B and C, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, influenza, and COVID-19. In detail, we provide available information on (1) safety regarding the risk of new infections, (2) effects on the outcome of pre-existing infections, (3) whether immunosuppressive drugs used to treat ICI-related adverse events affect the risk of infection or virulence of pre-existing infections, (4) whether the use of vaccines in ICI-treated patients is considered safe, and (5) whether there are beneficial effects of ICIs that even qualify them as a therapeutic approach for these viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Judith Reuther
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina H Scheel
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Christian Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Chong CR, Cohen B, Kamboj M. Reply to author. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 70:1519-1520. [PMID: 31211838 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis R Chong
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Mini Kamboj
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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