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Cordeiro VM, Martins BCT, Teles SA, Martins RMB, Cruvinel KPDS, Matos MADD, Luz JA, Barreto RADSS, Teles JA, Santos NC, Caetano KAA, Carneiro MADS. Decline in hepatitis B and C prevalence among hemodialysis patients in Tocantins, Northern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e36. [PMID: 30066804 PMCID: PMC6069268 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection control measures have been responsible for a decline in the prevalence
of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in
hemodialysis patients. In Brazil, these measures have been in place since 1996.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the current HBV and HCV epidemiology among
hemodialysis patients in the State of Tocantins comparing them with those found
14 years ago. There was a significant decline in hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg) and anti-HCV prevalence from 4% and 13% in 2001 to 0.8% and 2.8% in
2014-2015, respectively (p < 0.05). Variables related to hemodialysis
environment such as working shift and length of time on hemodialysis treatment
were no longer associated to HCV and HBV exposure in 2014-2015. A high
prevalence of self-reported hepatitis B vaccination was observed in both
periods, but only 30% of the individuals showed serological profile of effective
previous immunization, suggesting a low compliance with surveillance of
hepatitis B immunization in hemodialysis centers. The significant decline in
viral hepatitis B and C prevalence in hemodialysis patients in Tocantins
underscores the importance of infection control measures, but the low frequency
of protective serological profile after immunization against hepatitis B points
to the need for greater vigilance of the patients’ vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheila Araujo Teles
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jonio Arruda Luz
- Hospital de Doenças Tropicais de Araguaína, Serviço de Fígado e Hepatites, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Araujo Teles
- Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Clínica Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Brook G, Brockmeyer N, van de Laar T, Schellberg S, Winter AJ. 2017 European guideline for the screening, prevention and initial management of hepatitis B and C infections in sexual health settings. Int J STD AIDS 2018; 29:949-967. [PMID: 29716442 DOI: 10.1177/0956462418767576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This guideline updates the 2010 European guideline for the management of hepatitis B and C virus infections. It is primarily intended to provide advice on testing, prevention and initial management of viral hepatitis B and C for clinicians working in sexual health clinical settings in European countries. The guideline is in a new question and answer format based on clinical situations, from which population/intervention/comparison/outcome questions were formulated. Updates cover areas such as epidemiology, point-of-care tests for hepatitis B, hepatitis C risk and 'chemsex', and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and hepatitis B. We have also included a short paragraph on hepatitis E noting there is no evidence for sexual transmission. The guideline has been prepared in accordance with the Europe protocol for production available at http://www.iusti.org/regions/europe/pdf/2017/ProtocolForProduction2017.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Brook
- 1 Genitourinary Medicine, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Norbert Brockmeyer
- 2 Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thijs van de Laar
- 3 Department of Bloodborne Infections, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Haviari S, Bénet T, Saadatian-Elahi M, André P, Loulergue P, Vanhems P. Vaccination of healthcare workers: A review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2522-37. [PMID: 26291642 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1082014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-preventable diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. As new vaccines are proving to be effective and as the incidence of some infections decreases, vaccination practices are changing. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed to and play a role in nosocomial transmission, which makes them an important target group for vaccination. Most vaccine-preventable diseases still carry a significant risk of resurgence and have caused outbreaks in recent years. While many professional societies favor vaccination of HCWs as well as the general population, recommendations differ from country to country. In turn, vaccination coverage varies widely for each microorganism and for each country, making hospitals and clinics vulnerable to outbreaks. Vaccine mandates and non-mandatory strategies are the subject of ongoing research and controversies. Optimal approaches to increase coverage and turn the healthcare workforce into an efficient barrier against infectious diseases are still being debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skerdi Haviari
- a Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon ; Lyon , France
| | - Thomas Bénet
- a Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon ; Lyon , France.,b Equipe Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 ; Lyon , France.,c Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), French Clinical Research Investigation Network (F-CRIN), Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC) ; Lyon , France
| | - Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
- a Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon ; Lyon , France
| | - Philippe André
- a Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon ; Lyon , France
| | - Pierre Loulergue
- c Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), French Clinical Research Investigation Network (F-CRIN), Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC) ; Lyon , France.,d Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, CIC Cochin-Pasteur ; Paris , France.,e INSERM, F-CRIN, I-REIVAC, Cochin Center ; Paris , France
| | - Philippe Vanhems
- a Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon ; Lyon , France.,b Equipe Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 ; Lyon , France.,c Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), French Clinical Research Investigation Network (F-CRIN), Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC) ; Lyon , France
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Esteban J, Ortiz A, Fernández-Roblas R. Healthcare-associated infections: new challenges looking for answers. Clin Kidney J 2015; 8:100-1. [PMID: 25713717 PMCID: PMC4310442 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfu143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial transmission of multiresistant bacteria is a growing healthcare issue. In addition, new pathogens and pathogenic mechanisms, associated with therapies based on the use of live microorganisms, can be of importance in the near future. The current issue of CKJ illustrates healthcare-associated infections that go beyond common bacteria. First, the therapeutic use of live BCG mycobacteria is not without risks in the chronic kidney disease patients. Familiarity with these complications will allow their rapid recognition and optimized management. Second, strict adherence to universal precautions and healthcare guidelines is still mandatory in order to avoid undesirable risks such as transmission of hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine , UAM , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine , UAM , Madrid , Spain ; REDINREN and FRIAT-IRSIN , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Roblas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine , UAM , Madrid , Spain
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