1
|
Aberger S, Schreiber N, Pilz S, Eller K, Rosenkranz AR, Kirsch AH. Targeting Calcitriol Metabolism in Acute Vitamin D Toxicity-A Comprehensive Review and Clinical Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10003. [PMID: 39337491 PMCID: PMC11431961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
High-dose vitamin D supplementation is common in the general population, but unsupervised high-dose supplementation in vitamin D-replete individuals poses a risk of severe toxicity. Susceptibility to vitamin D toxicity shows a significant inter-individual variability that may in part be explained by genetic predispositions (i.e., CYP24A1 polymorphism). The classic manifestation of vitamin D toxicity is hypercalcemia, which may be refractory to conventional therapy. Its causes include the endogenous overaction of 1α-hydroxylase, monogenic alterations affecting vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and exogenous vitamin D intoxication. In this manuscript, we include a literature review of potential pharmacological interventions targeting calcitriol metabolism to treat vitamin D intoxication and present a case of severe, exogenous vitamin D intoxication responding to systemic corticosteroids after the failure of conventional therapy. Systemic glucocorticoids alleviate acute hypercalcemia by inhibiting enteric calcium absorption and increasing the degradation of vitamin D metabolites but may cause adverse effects. Inhibitors of 1α-hydroxylase (keto/fluconazole) and inducers of CYP3A4 (rifampicin) may be considered steroid-sparing alternatives for the treatment of vitamin D intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Aberger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Nephrology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Schreiber
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care 2, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R Rosenkranz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander H Kirsch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hossam Abdelmonem B, Abdelaal NM, Anwer EKE, Rashwan AA, Hussein MA, Ahmed YF, Khashana R, Hanna MM, Abdelnaser A. Decoding the Role of CYP450 Enzymes in Metabolism and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1467. [PMID: 39062040 PMCID: PMC11275228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes that play an essential role in Phase I metabolism, with 57 functional genes classified into 18 families in the human genome, of which the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are prominent. Beyond drug metabolism, CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous compounds such as lipids, proteins, and hormones to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes can lead to different endocrine disorders. Moreover, CYP450 enzymes significantly contribute to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis, impacting cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Their diverse functions emphasize their therapeutic potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CYP450 enzymes are implicated in the onset and development of illnesses such as cancer, influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Assessment of CYP450 enzyme expression and activity aids in evaluating liver health state and differentiating between liver diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions, and optimizing drug efficacy. Understanding the roles of CYP450 enzymes and the clinical effect of their genetic polymorphisms is crucial for developing personalized therapeutic strategies and enhancing drug responses in diverse patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma Hossam Abdelmonem
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abdelaal
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Eman K. E. Anwer
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 4411601, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Rashwan
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Yasmin F. Ahmed
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Rana Khashana
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mireille M. Hanna
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Paolis E, Scaglione GL, De Bonis M, Minucci A, Capoluongo E. CYP24A1 and SLC34A1 genetic defects associated with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: from genotype to phenotype. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1650-1667. [PMID: 31188746 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the CYP24A1 gene, involved in vitamin D catabolism and in calcium homeostasis, are known to be the genetic drivers of both idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) and adult renal stone disease. Recently, also defects in the SLC34A1 gene, encoding for the renal sodium-phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa, were associated with the disease. IIH typically affects infants and pediatric patients with a syndrome characterized by severe hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, suppressed parathyroid hormone level and nephrolithiasis. In SLC34A1 mutated carriers, hypophosphatemia is also a typical biochemical tract. IIH may also persist undiagnosed into adulthood, causing an increased risk of nephrocalcinosis and renal complication. To note, a clinical heterogeneity characterizes IIH manifestation, principally due to the controversial gene-dose effect and, to the strong influence of environmental factors. The present review is aimed to provide an overview of the current molecular findings on the IIH disorder, giving a comprehensive description of the association between genotype and biochemical and clinical phenotype of the affected patients. We also underline that patients may benefit from genetic testing into a targeted diagnostic and therapeutic workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Paolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Scaglione
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Fondazione Giovanni Paolo II", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria De Bonis
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cesareo R, Falchetti A, Attanasio R, Tabacco G, Naciu AM, Palermo A. Hypovitaminosis D: Is It Time to Consider the Use of Calcifediol? Nutrients 2019; 11:E1016. [PMID: 31064117 PMCID: PMC6566727 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is becoming a notable health problem worldwide. A consensus exists among several different medical societies as to the need for adequate levels of vitamin D for bone and general health. The correct method by which to restore normal vitamin D levels is still a matter of debate. Although cholecalciferol remains the most commonly distributed form of vitamin D supplementation worldwide, several drugs with vitamin D activity are available for clinical use, and making the correct selection for the individual patient may be challenging. In this narrative review, we aim to contribute to the current knowledge base on the possible and appropriate use of calcifediol-the 25-alpha-hydroxylated metabolite-in relation to its chemical characteristics, its biological properties, and its pathophysiological aspects. Furthermore, we examine the trials that have aimed to evaluate the effect of calcifediol on the restoration of normal vitamin D levels. Calcifediol is more soluble than cholecalciferol in organic solvents, due to its high polarity. Good intestinal absorption and high affinity for the vitamin-D-binding protein positively affect the bioavailability of calcifediol compared with cholecalciferol. In particular, orally administered calcifediol shows a much shorter half-life than oral cholecalciferol. Most findings suggest that oral calcifediol is about three- to five-fold more powerful than oral cholecalciferol, and that it has a higher rate of intestinal absorption. Accordingly, calcifediol can be particularly useful in treating diseases associated with decreased intestinal absorption, as well as obesity (given its lower trapping in the adipose tissue) and potentially neurological diseases treated with drugs that interfere with the hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzyme system, resulting in decreased synthesis of calcifediol. Up to now, there has not been enough clinical evidence for its use in the context of osteoporosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cesareo
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research; University of Milan, and EndOsMet, Villa Donatello Private Hospital, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Roberto Attanasio
- Endocrinology Service, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Tabacco
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anda Mihaela Naciu
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bettuzzi T, Ram-Wolff C, Hau E, de Masson A, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Beylot-Barry M, Cormier C, Bagot M. Severe hypercalcemia complicating granulomatous slack skin disease: an exceptional case. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e354-e356. [PMID: 31026372 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Bettuzzi
- Dermatology Department, Hospital St Louis, Paris 7 University, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - C Ram-Wolff
- Dermatology Department, Hospital St Louis, Paris 7 University, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - E Hau
- Dermatology Department, Hospital St Louis, Paris 7 University, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - A de Masson
- Dermatology Department, Hospital St Louis, Paris 7 University, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - M D Vignon-Pennamen
- Pathology Department, Hospital St Louis, Paris 7 University, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - M Beylot-Barry
- Dermatology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Hospital Saint-André, 1 rue Jean Burguet, 33075, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Cormier
- Rhumatology Department, Hospital Cochin, Paris 5 University, 27 rue du faubourg saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - M Bagot
- Dermatology Department, Hospital St Louis, Paris 7 University, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shakir MK, al-Jabbar I, Hoang TD, Shin T, Mai VQ. Hypocitraturia Contributing to Nephrolithiasis in a Patient with CYP24A1 Gene Mutation. AACE Clin Case Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.4158/accr-2017-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
7
|
De Paolis E, Minucci A, De Bonis M, Scaglione GL, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Ferraro PM, Cappellani D, Marcocci C, Gambaro G, Capoluongo E. A rapid screening of a recurrent CYP24A1 pathogenic variant opens the way to molecular testing for Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia (IIH). Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:8-13. [PMID: 29574006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss-of-function mutations in cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) gene are associated with Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia (IIH) and adult kidney stone disease. The enzyme deficiency leads to an impaired vitamin D catabolism pathway, resulting in a syndrome characterized by recurrent hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. In these patients, the genetic evaluation of CYP24A1 is an important diagnostic tool, allowing the definitive diagnosis of IIH. METHODS A rapid CYP24A1 gene testing based on High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) was designed in order to detect the CYP24A1 c.428_430delAAG (p.Glu143del), a recurrent IIH-associated variant. RESULTS HRMA method was able to identify c.428_430delAAG genotypes evaluating melting curve shape and melting temperature (Tm). Heterozygous samples exhibited a typical melting profile while homozygous samples showed a specific Tm shift. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence about application of HRMA in unambiguous genotyping of the CYP24A1 c.428_430delAAG variant, making this method useful in clinical molecular diagnostics. This approach opens the way to a helpful molecular analysis of CYP24A1 gene in IIH diagnosis, to an improved pharmacological treatment strategy and to a reduced risk of recurrent stones and worsening nephrocalcinosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Paolis
- Polo Scienze delle Immagini, di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Polo Scienze delle Immagini, di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria De Bonis
- Polo Scienze delle Immagini, di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Scaglione
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Giovanni Paolo II" Foundation, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Polo Scienze delle Immagini, di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Polo Scienze delle Immagini, di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- Polo di Scienze Reumatologiche, Dermatologiche, Immuno-Allergologiche, Urologiche e Nefrologiche, Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Cappellani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Polo di Scienze Reumatologiche, Dermatologiche, Immuno-Allergologiche, Urologiche e Nefrologiche, Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata -IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Loyer C, Leroy C, Molin A, Odou MF, Huglo D, Lion G, Ernst O, Hoffmann M, Porchet N, Carnaille B, Pattou F, Kottler ML, Vantyghem MC. Hyperparathyroidism complicating CYP 24A1 mutations. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:615-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|