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Ran X, Lin L, Yang M, Niu G, Chen L, Shao Y, Zou Y, Wang B. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Renal Blood Perfusion Changes After Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty and Stenting for Severe Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1872-1879. [PMID: 32451193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study used contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to evaluate changes in renal cortical blood perfusion after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stenting (PTRAS) for severe renal artery stenosis (RAS) (≥70%). CEUS was performed in 21 patients with 24 severe RASs that underwent PTRAS. Renal cortical perfusion was quantitatively evaluated by comparing time intensity curve (TIC) parameters for SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) contrast enhancement, including peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), mean transmit time (MTT), curve ascending slope (S), area under the curve (AUC), AUC-wash-in and AUC-wash-out. The parameters PI, TTP, MTT and S differed significantly between the pre-intervention and post-intervention TIC analysis (p < 0.05). Of the 24 pre-intervention curve appearances, 58.3% (14/24) improved after operation. The PI difference correlated positively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate difference (r = 0.433, p < 0.05). In conclusion, changes in some ultrasound perfusion parameters on CEUS and the shape of the TIC can be used to quantitatively and intuitively evaluate renal cortical blood perfusion change after PTRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ran
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Letao Lin
- Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guochen Niu
- Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Luzeng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Shao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Zou
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Muzurović EM, Mikhailidis DP. Diabetes Mellitus and Noncardiac Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease-Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Treatment Options. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 26:25-39. [PMID: 32666812 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420941675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is also a cause of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Addressing the atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) burden in DM should reduce premature death and improve quality of life. Diabetes mellitus-associated ASCVD can lead to complications in all vascular beds (carotids as well as coronary, lower extremity, and renal arteries). This narrative review considers the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of noncardiac atherosclerotic vascular disease (mainly in patients with DM). Based on current knowledge and the fact that modern DM treatment guidelines are based on CV outcome trials, it should be noted that patients with noncardiac CVD may not have the same benefits from certain drugs compared with patients who predominantly have cardiac complications. This leads to the conclusion that in the future, consideration should be given to conducting well-designed trials that will answer which pharmacological treatment modalities will be of greatest benefit to patients with noncardiac ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir M Muzurović
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, 274294Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Ljubljanska bb, Podgorica, Montenegro.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Kruševac bb, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Simeoni M, Borrelli S, Garofalo C, Fuiano G, Esposito C, Comi A, Provenzano M. Atherosclerotic-nephropathy: an updated narrative review. J Nephrol 2020; 34:125-136. [PMID: 32270411 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in elderly patients recognizes, as main cause, the long-term exposure to atherosclerosis and hypertension. Chronic ischemic damage due to critical renal arterial stenosis induces oxidative stress and intra-renal inflammation, resulting in fibrosis and microvascular remodelling, that is the histological picture of atherosclerotic renal vascular disease (ARVD). The concomitant presence of a long history of hypertension may generate intimal thickening and luminal narrowing of renal arteries and arterioles, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, more typically expression of hypertensive nephropathy. These complex mechanisms contribute to the development of CKD and the progression to End Stage Kidney Disease. In elderly CKD patients, the distinction among these nephropathies may be problematic; therefore, ischemic and hypertensive nephropathies can be joined in a unique clinical syndrome defined as atherosclerotic nephropathy. The availability of novel diagnostic procedures, such as intra-vascular ultrasound and BOLD-MRI, in addition to traditional imaging, have opened new scenarios, because these tools allow to identify ischemic lesions responsive to renal revascularization. Indeed, although trials have deflated the role of renal revascularization on the renal outcomes, it should be still used to avoid dialysis initiation and/or to reduce blood pressure in selected elderly patients at high risk. Nonetheless, lifestyle modifications (smoking cessation, increased physical activity), statins and antiplatelet use, as well as cautious use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, remain the main therapeutic approach aimed at slowing the renal damage progression. Mesenchymal stem cells and Micro-RNA are promising target of anti-fibrotic therapy, which might provide potential benefit in ARVD patients, though safety and efficacy profile in humans is unknown too.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvio Borrelli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Garofalo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Fuiano
- Nephrology Units at University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Comi
- Nephrology Units at University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
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Rafiq S, Ilyas M, Gojwari T. A Crus-Cial Discovery: Secondary Hypertension. Am J Med 2018; 131:257-259. [PMID: 28987551 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Rafiq
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Ilyas
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India.
| | - Tariq Gojwari
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India
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Grupp C, Koziolek MJ, Wallbach M, Hoxhold K, Müller GA, Bramlage C. Difference between renal and splenic resistive index as a novel criterion in Doppler evaluation of renal artery stenosis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:582-588. [PMID: 29450973 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Detection of renal artery stenosis (RAS) using Doppler is difficult to evaluate, particularly under conditions such as bilateral RAS or difficultly accessible renal arteries (RA). The objective of the present study was to assess the utility of splenic arterial compared to renal flow as an additional parameter in the Doppler evaluation of RAS. The difference between the resistive indices (RI) determined in renal and splenic parenchymal arteries (ΔRIK-S ) was evaluated in 181 hypertensive subjects without any evidence of RAS. Subsequently 47 RA in 24 patients with suspected RAS were angiographically assessed. A ΔRIK-S of 0.055 (median) was determined in the population without any evidence of RAS similar to RA with angiographically excluded stenosis (ΔRIK-S 0.068). In contrast, in angiographic proven RAS, ΔRIK-S was significantly lower (-0.050; P < .005). The assessment of the ΔRIK-S , proved to be an easily feasible parameter, which improves the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Grupp
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael J Koziolek
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Wallbach
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoxhold
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard A Müller
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bramlage
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Stratigis S, Stylianou K, Kyriazis PP, Dermitzaki EK, Lygerou D, Syngelaki P, Stratakis S, Koukouraki S, Parthenakis F, Tsetis D, Daphnis E. Renal artery stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis identified in patients with coronary artery disease: Does captopril renal scintigraphy predict outcomes? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:373-381. [PMID: 29316212 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the effectiveness of percutaneous renal revascularization (PRR) with stenting for the treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) in patients with coronary artery disease and the usefulness of captopril renal scintigraphy for predicting clinical outcomes after PRR. Sixty-four consecutive patients, referred for evaluation of suspected ARAS, after coronary angiography, underwent baseline captopril renal scintigraphy followed by renal angiography. Forty-four patients (68.7%) were diagnosed with a significant ARAS≥ 60% and were treated with PRR plus medical therapy. Twenty-four months after PRR, 86.4% and 73.3% of patients showed a hypertension and renal benefit, respectively. Captopril renal scintigraphy positivity had moderate sensitivity and high specificity in predicting a hypertension and renal benefit. In patients with ARAS≥ 70%, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% for both a hypertension and renal benefit.PRR for ARAS conferred a substantial benefit in patients with a high coronary artery disease burden. Captopril renal scintigraphy was highly accurate in predicting clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Stratigis
- Department of Nephrology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Kostas Stylianou
- Department of Nephrology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Periklis P Kyriazis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dimitra Lygerou
- Department of Nephrology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Stratakis
- Department of Nephrology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - Sophia Koukouraki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heraklion University Hospital, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Fragiskos Parthenakis
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsetis
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Heraklion University Hospital, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Eugene Daphnis
- Department of Nephrology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
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