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Bartosek I, Cattaneo MT, Grasselli G, Guaitani A, Urso R, Zucca E, Libretti A, Garattini S. Polarographic Assay of Submicrogram Quantities of Cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (II) in Biological Samples. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 69:395-402. [PMID: 6685932 DOI: 10.1177/030089168306900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Differential pulse Polarographic assay of the antineoplastic agent cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum II and its analogues was performed after acid oxidative hydrolysis (HCIO4, HNO3, HCI) of biological samples (plasma, tissue homogenates, urine) and reaction with ethylenediamine. Platinum levels and kinetics were determined in blood and urine of patients with non-oat-cell lung carcinoma. Detection limit of the polarographic assay was 0.5 ng platinum; analytical error was ± 3%. Levels of free cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (II) in plasma fell in samples stored at –20 °C; the half-life of free drug was 38 h.
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2
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Cisplatin pharmacokinetics in nontumoral pig liver treated with intravenous or transarterial hepatic chemoembolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012; 35:1467-74. [PMID: 22526107 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-012-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate cisplatin (CDDP) pharmacokinetics after its intravenous (IV) or intrahepatic arterial administration (IHA) in healthy pigs with or without embolization by absorbable gelatine. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analysed plasmatic and hepatic drug concentration in four groups of six mini-pigs each according to the modality of administration of CDDP (1 mg/kg): IV, IHA, IHA with partial embolization using absorbable gelatine (IHA-Pe), and IHA with complete embolization (IHA-Te). Unbounded plasmatic and hepatic platinum concentrations were measured. Concentration and pharmacokinetics parameters were compared using analysis of variance. RESULTS For all groups, there was a rapid and biexponential decrease in free platinum concentration. Plasmatic terminal half-life (T(1/2)) was significantly decreased after embolization at 191, 178, 42, and 41 min after IV, IHA, IHA-Pe, and IHA-Te administration, respectively. Maximal plasmatic concentration and systemic exposure to CDDP (AUC(24)) values were significantly decreased after embolization (C(max) p = 0.0075; AUC(24) p = 0.0053). Hepatic CDDP concentration rapidly peaked and then decreased progressively. After 24 h, the residual concentration represented 45, 47, 60, and 63 % of C(max), respectively, after IV, IHA, IHA-Pe, and IHA-Te. Hepatic T(1/2) and AUC(∞) values were increased after embolization, but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This preliminary study confirms the feasibility of a pig model to study systemic and hepatic CDDP pharmacokinetics. Systemic exposure is lower after embolization, which could minimize systemic toxicity. Hepatic T(1/2) elimination and hepatic exposition values are increased with IHA compared with IV administration.
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3
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Gill TS, Luscombe DK, James K, Fish RG. Pharmacokinetic Studies with the Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agent Cisplatin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb11703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TS Gill
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWIST
| | | | - K James
- Department of Biochemistry, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff
| | - RG Fish
- Department of Biochemistry, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff
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4
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Desoize B, Dufour R, Urien S. Limited Sampling and Dose Prediction Model for Cisplatin Using a Bayesian Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10601339409035946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Denniston ML, Sternson LA, Repta AJ. Analysis of Total Platinum Derived from Cisplatin in Tissue. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718108081419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Priesner D, Sternson LA, Repta AJ. Analysis of Total Platinum in Tissue Samples by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Elimination of the Need for Sample Digestion. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718108081456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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ICP-MS determination of Pt in biological fluids of patients treated with antitumor agents: evaluation of analytical uncertainty. Microchem J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Speciation studies by atomic spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1068-5561(99)80003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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10
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Desoize B, Berthiot G, Manot L, Coninx P, Dumont P. Evaluation of a prediction model of cisplatin dose based on total platinum plasma concentration. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:1734-8. [PMID: 8983282 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate prospectively a model of cisplatin dose adjustment. 27 patients (63 courses) with lung cancer were treated by a 5 day continuous infusion of cisplatin and etoposide. The dose of cisplatin was adjusted in order to reach a target plasma concentration of total platinum (TP) of 2000 mu/l at the end of the infusion. The target concentration was reached with a mean bias of 2.7% and a precision of 7.8%. The results were compared with those of a population of 38 patients (97 courses) with lung cancer and treated with the same protocol of chemotherapy, but without dose adjustment. The average dose adjustment was an increase of cisplatin dose of 20.2%. This augmentation was most important during the first course, decreasing during the following courses. There was also an increase in the etoposide AUC, although its dose was not modified. Toxicity to polymorphonuclear cells was significantly increased and was linked to etoposide AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Desoize
- Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
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11
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Adachi W, Koike S, Rafique M, Kajikawa S, Kaneko G, Kuroda T, Iida F, Ishii K. Preoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer, with special reference to delayed peritoneal complications. Surg Today 1995; 25:396-403. [PMID: 7640466 DOI: 10.1007/bf00311815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Preoperative intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy was performed in 23 patients with gastric malignancies to inhibit peritoneal recurrence. Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC) were administered intraperitoneally 3 days prior to surgery, at which time a very viscid peritoneum and mucinous intraperitoneal fluid were found in 100% and 83% of the patients, respectively. Inflammatory changes were microscopically observed in the subserosal layer of the resected stomachs and in the intraperitoneal fluid, but degenerative changes characteristic of cancer cells could not be seen. The 3-year survival rate of the stage III patients was 55.6%, and peritoneal recurrence was found in three of six patients with recurrence. Extensive adhesions were found in eight patients (34.8%) as a delayed peritoneal complication, and chronic bowel obstruction resulting from the adhesion developed in five patients (21.7%). Thus, we conclude that the administration of this IP chemotherapy demonstrated no definite antitumor effects or survival benefits, but was frequently associated with delayed peritoneal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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12
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Nishioka Y. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy of intra-arterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) chemotherapy in combination with aortic clamping on metastatic hepatic tumors in the rat. Surg Today 1994; 24:128-32. [PMID: 8054790 DOI: 10.1007/bf02473393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of intrahepatic cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), cisplatin, administered via the hepatic artery in combination with concomitant clamping of the abdominal aorta beneath the diaphragm against metastatic liver tumors in rats was evaluated. When 2.5 or 5 mg/kg of cisplatin was injected intra-arterially (i.a.) over 5 min, the antitumor activities in the rats with aortic clamping, evaluated by the number of tumor nodules and survival days after treatment, were found to be superior to those in the rats without aortic clamping. Side effects, evaluated in terms of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels, changes in body weight, and the number of leukocytes, did not differ significantly among the rats with or without aortic clamping. The blood urea nitrogen levels observed in the rats with aortic clamping were lower than in those without aortic clamping. Immediately after the injection of cisplatin 5 mg/kg i.a., the platinum concentrations in the livers of rats with aortic clamping were approximately 2.1 times higher than in those without aortic clamping, and 1.4 times higher even 60 min after the injection. These increased platinum concentrations in the liver explain the enhanced antitumor activities of the rats given cisplatin with aortic clamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishioka
- Second Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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13
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Hodes TJ, Underberg WJ, Los G, Beijnen JH. Platinum antitumour agents: a review of (bio)analysis. PHARMACEUTISCH WEEKBLAD. SCIENTIFIC EDITION 1992; 14:61-77. [PMID: 1630874 DOI: 10.1007/bf01962689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes analytical techniques in order to get a clear picture of the ins and outs of the (bio)analysis of platinum-containing compounds. The antitumour agent cisplatin has become an indispensable drug for the cure of a variety of cancer diseases. Since its introduction in the early seventies, about 2,000 related platinum complexes were designed to devoid the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. Some of them were introduced for clinical trial, such as carboplatin and iproplatin. To investigate the mechanism of action and pharmaco-kinetic behaviour, several interesting assays for total and specific platinum determination in biological matrices have been developed, each with its own possibilities and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hodes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Poon GK, Mistry P, Lewis S. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of platinum anticancer agents. BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1991; 20:687-92. [PMID: 1799578 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200201106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantification and identification of platinum drugs and their metabolites in biological samples has always been difficult because these compounds are thermally unstable, non-volatile and insoluble. We have demonstrated that electrospray ionization mass spectrometry can be a valuable technique for direct mass spectral analysis of platinum anticancer agents and for obtaining structural information as a result of fragmentation. Full-scan spectra were obtained with approximately 10 pmol samples. These results show the potential of applying this technique in pharmacokinetic studies of platinum anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Poon
- Drug Development Section, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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15
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Kobayashi H, Hasuda K, Taniguchi S, Baba T. Therapeutic efficacy of two-route chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, combined with the angiotensin-II-induced hypertension method in a rat uterine tumor. Int J Cancer 1991; 47:893-8. [PMID: 2010232 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910470618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the therapeutic effect of conventional TRC using intra-arterial (i.a.) DDP plus simultaneous i.v. STS, we combined the AT-II-induced hypertension method with TRC and evaluated its efficacy for a rat uterine tumor, using the simulation of intra-arterial chemotherapy for human uterine tumors. During interruption of arterial blood flow by vascular manipulations, DDP plus AT-II were injected for 10 min through the abdominal aorta in the direction of the uterus. Then STS was administered i.v. for a further 5 min and all the arterial restrictions were released. This modified TRC using AT-II showed a much higher anti-tumor effect than that seen in conventional TRC without AT-II and was free from DDP-induced renal damage. On the other hand, severe nephrotoxicity was unavoidable in the rats given the delayed i.v. administration of STS to i.a. DDP alone. The feasibility of post-administration of STS without obvious nephrotoxicity in modified TRC was explained by transient inhibition of DDP delivery to the kidney during the AT-II-induced hypertension. The loss of body weight and the decrease in the number of leukocytes after this therapy were tolerable. Modified TRC showed a higher anti-tumor effect and a lower nephrotoxicity compared with other treatments, as follows: DDP i.a. with or without AT-II; i.v. infusion of DDP alone. Such a superior anti-tumor effect of modified TRC consists of the following 2 factors: (i) the post-administration of STS leading to the delayed neutralization of DDP at the tumor site; (ii) the selective enhancement of DDP delivery to the tumor tissue during AT-II-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Experimental Cell Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Desoize B, Marechal F, Millart H, Cattan A. Correlation of clinical pharmacokinetic parameters of cisplatin with efficacy and toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 1991; 45:203-7. [PMID: 1932604 DOI: 10.1016/0753-3322(91)90109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-two pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in 11 patients receiving cisplatin (20 mg/m2 per d) associated with etoposide (50 mg/m2 per d), as 5-day continuous infusions, every 4 weeks. Blood was withdrawn at 8:30 am from day 1-5. Within 15 min after taking the blood, an aliquot of plasma was filtered for the ultrafilterable platinum (UP) assay. Total platinum (TP) and UP were assayed by flameless atomic absorption. The plasma concentrations and AUC0-120 h of TP were correlated with those of UP (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.001). TP concentrations increased significantly during the infusion and with each successive course, whereas the increase of plasma concentration of UP during and between courses was not statistically significant. The responders had significantly higher levels of TP (AUC, concentrations) in the first and second courses than the non-responders. No renal toxicity was observed, nevertheless, the AUC0-120 h of TP and UP were positively correlated with the serum creatinine (P less than 0.05). The digestive intolerance (grade 1-3) was significantly correlated with TP concentrations and AUC0-120 h. There was no statistical difference in UP concentrations either between responders and non-responders in any course, nor between toxic and non-toxic courses. Since etoposide was concomitantly administered, we can formulate the conclusion as follows: no "objective" response was observed in the patients with low TP plasma concentrations and AUC0-120 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Desoize
- Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
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17
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Dolezel P, Kourilova D, Krejci M, Smolkova-Keulemansova E. Analysis ofcis-platinum using a microcolumn with a β-cyclodextrin stationary phase and electrochemical detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Hasuda K, Kobayashi H, Aoki K, Taniguchi S, Baba T. Increased therapeutic effect on metastatic liver tumors in rats of two-route chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, with temporary clamping of the abdominal aorta. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1990; 26:181-7. [PMID: 2357764 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic effects of conventional "two-route chemotherapy" (TRC) comprising cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) given via the hepatic artery plus simultaneous i.v. sodium thiosulfate (STS) on metastatic liver tumors in rats, we combined TRC with aortic clamping at the supraceliac level. Treatments were evaluated in Wistar-King-Aptekman (WKA) rats bearing metastatic liver tumors 7 days after the inoculation of 10(6) syngenic RBT-1 (transitional-cell carcinoma) cells via the mesenteric vein. When 15 mg/kg CDDP was injected i.a. over 5 min, immediately followed by STS 1,580 mg/kg (200-fold the molar equivalent of 15 mg/kg CDDP) given i.v. over a further 5 min, the antitumor activity, evaluated by the number of tumor nodules present 12 days after treatment, was superior to that of conventional TRC (15 mg/kg i.a. CDDP plus simultaneous administration of 1,580 mg/kg i.v. STS), but the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was highly elevated (63.6 mg/dl). With aortic clamping for 7.5 min during CDDP administration and the first half of STS treatment, the TRC consisting of CDDP plus delayed STS (modified TRC) exhibited a further improvement in antitumor activity, with no nephrotoxicity (BUN, 17.1 mg/dl). Although the antitumor activity of 3 or 5 mg/kg i.a. CDDP was also increased by aortic clamping, in animals with normal BUN levels the survival of those treated with modified TRC was greater than that of rodents given 3 mg/kg i.a. CDDP with aortic clamping; however, the former was the same as that of animals given 5 mg/kg i.a. CDDP with aortic clamping whose BUN levels were elevated (31.2 mg/dl). Loss of body weight, the decrease in WBC counts, and changes in the serum transaminase levels in rats given modified TRC were tolerable. The improved therapeutic effect of modified TRC can be explained as follows: during aortic clamping, (a) CDDP delivery to the kidney decreased by 96% and made feasible the delay in STS administration after CDDP without nephrotoxicity, and (b) CDDP retention in the liver was increased by 366%, as aortic clamping decreased the portal blood flow, thereby inhibiting the washout of CDDP from the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hasuda
- Department of Experimental Cell Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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19
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Kobayashi H, Hasuda K, Aoki K, Taniguchi S, Baba T. Systemic chemotherapy in tumor-bearing rats using high-dose cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with low nephrotoxicity in combination with angiotensin II and sodium thiosulfate. Int J Cancer 1990; 45:940-4. [PMID: 2335397 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910450527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy using high-dose DDP and its antidote, STS, was combined with the AT-II-induced hypertension method and evaluated for efficacy against s.c. tumors in rats. After i.v. infusion of DDP plus AT-II for 5 min, STS was administered i.v. over a further 5 min. The rats treated with this combination chemotherapy showed normal levels of BUN and serum creatinine 4 days after the treatment, although most rats given i.v. STS after DDP without AT-II showed severe nephrotoxicity. The absence of obvious nephrotoxicity in AT-II-combined chemotherapy using i.v. DDP plus post-administered STS can be explained by a transient inhibition of DDP-delivery to the kidney during the AT-II-induced hypertension. The anti-tumor effect of this modified therapy, evaluated by inhibition of tumor growth, was superior to other treatments, as follows: concomitant i.v. administrations of DDP and STS; i.v. DDP, with or without AT-II. The improvement in anti-tumor effect of this combination therapy is explained by the delayed neutralization of active DDP by STS at the tumor site and the selective enhancement of DDP delivery to the tumor tissue, as produced by AT-II. Thus, systemic chemotherapy using high-dose DDP induced no obvious nephrotoxicity and improved the anti-cancer effect in the case of concomitant administration of DDP plus AT-II and the time-delayed injection of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Experimental Cell Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Goel R, Andrews PA, Pfeifle CE, Abramson IS, Kirmani S, Howell SB. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of ultrafilterable cisplatin species detectable by derivatization with diethyldithiocarbamate or atomic absorption spectroscopy. Eur J Cancer 1990; 26:21-7. [PMID: 2156545 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(90)90251-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of the cisplatin (DDP) species detected by measurement of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC)-reactive species (DDTC-DDP) were compared to the pharmacokinetics of the species detected by measurement of total ultrafilterable platinum in patients receiving DDP alone or in combination with the nephroprotective agent sodium thiosulfate. The doses of DDP studied were 100 mg/m2 (11 courses given to eight patients) and 202.5 mg/m2 (five courses given to four patients) given as 2 h i.v. infusions, the latter with concurrent thiosulfate. When DDP was given alone (100 mg/m2) the two assays yielded the same area under the curve (AUC) values for DDTC-DDP and total ultrafilterable platinum during the first 4 h after the start of infusion; however, beyond 4 h post-infusion, the AUC for total ultrafilterable platinum was consistently greater than that for DDTC-DDP. When DDP was given with thiosulfate (202.5 mg/m2), the AUC for total ultrafilterable platinum was significantly greater than that of DDTC-DDP during the whole sampling period. The ratio of the AUC for total ultrafilterable platinum to DDTC-DDP, when DDP was given with thiosulfate, was barely significantly greater than that when DDP was given alone. These data indicate that during and immediately following a short infusion of DDP the major platinum-containing species present in plasma ultrafiltrate are still capable of reacting with nucleophilic sites on molecules such as DDTC; however, as the reactive species are eliminated, longer half-lived non-reactive ultrafilterable platinum species begin to predominate. They also indicate that although thiosulfate does neutralize a measurable amount of DDP in the plasma on the schedule employed, this degree of neutralization is not sufficient to explain the protection against DDP-induced nephrotoxicity produced by thiosulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
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21
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De Waal WA, Maessen FJ, Kraak JC. Analytical methodologies for the quantitation of platinum anti-cancer drugs and related compounds in biological media. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1990; 8:1-30. [PMID: 2102260 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(90)80003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The methods for analysis of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs in biological media are reviewed in this paper. Although emphasis is placed on cisplatin, attention is also given to several of its analogues (carboplatin, iproplatin) and their degradation and biotransformation products. In an introductory section a short description is given of the historical background and the clinical applications of cisplatin. Reactions occurring in the body and in aqueous solutions are discussed because of their implications for the design of analytical procedures. After a detailed description of sample preparation and storage, attention is focussed on the analytical techniques used for the determination of either total platinum levels or individual platinum-containing compounds. The techniques discussed include atomic absorption and emission spectrometry, derivatization reactions and several chromatographic techniques with different detection methods. The specific advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A De Waal
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kobayashi H, Hasuda K, Aoki K, Kuroiwa T, Taniguchi S, Baba T. "Two-route chemotherapy" using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, combined with angiotensin II is effective against peritoneally disseminated cancer in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1989; 24:141-7. [PMID: 2736707 DOI: 10.1007/bf00300233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
"Two-route chemotherapy" (TRC) using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate (STS), combined with the angiotensin II (AT-II)-induced hypertension method was evaluated for its efficacy against peritoneally disseminated tumors in rats. A bolus i.p. injection of DDP (15 mg/kg) was given 1 min after the initiation of an AT-II (16.5 micrograms/kg) i.v. infusion lasting 11 min. Immediately after the termination of the AT-II infusion, 1,580 mg/kg STS was injected i.v. over a further 5 min. This modified TRC significantly improved the antitumor effect, evaluated by survival (increase in life span, 273%), compared with that achieved with other treatments, as follows: 15 mg/kg DDP i.p. and the concomitant i.v. infusion of 1,580 mg/kg STS (conventional TRC), 153% increase in life span; 5 mg/kg DDP i.p. with or without AT-II i.v. (167% and 107% increases in life span, respectively). As an index of nephrotoxicity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels seen after modified TRC (21.1 mg/dl) were as low as those observed after conventional TRC (19.1 mg/dl), despite the postadministration of STS, and were much lower than those seen after DDP alone or DDP plus AT-II (35.6 and 35.7 mg/dl, respectively). Further evaluation of the effectiveness of modified TRC using various doses of DDP gave similar results. The feasibility of the administration of STS 10 min after DDP treatment was explained by the significant inhibition of DDP delivery to the kidney during the AT-II-induced hypertension. Thus, TRC combined with AT-II has a superior therapeutic effect against peritonitis carcinomatosa induced in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Experimental Cell Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Hasuda K, Kobayashi H, Aoki K, Taniguchi S, Baba T. Efficacy of two-route chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, in combination with angiotensin II for rat liver tumor. Int J Cancer 1989; 44:373-7. [PMID: 2759742 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910440231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic effects of conventional TRC using i.a. CDDP plus simultaneous i.v. STS in a rat liver tumor, we made use of the AT-II-induced hypertension method, in combination with TRC. The decrease in tumor area (-15%), measured 8 days after the TRC using CDDP 12 mg/kg i.a. plus i.v. post-administration (5 min later) of STS 1,264 mg/kg, was much greater than that (+ 13%) seen in the conventional TRC, but BUN level was elevated (44.9 mg/dl). AT-II (15 micrograms/kg) administered i.a. simultaneously with CDDP normalized the BUN level (20.3 mg/dl) and further decreased (-15% to -31%) the tumor area (modified TRC). The modified TRC also exhibited a higher anti-tumor effect than did CDDP 3 mg/kg with AT-II i.a. (5%) at a similar BUN level (22.2 mg/dl). Loss of body weight, decrease in WBC count and changes in serum transaminases of rats treated with the modified TRC were tolerable. The improved therapeutic effect of the modified TRC was explained as follows: during AT-II-induced hypertension, (I) CDDP delivery to the tumor was increased by 150% and (2) CDDP delivery to the kidney was decreased by 35%. The latter effect of AT-II made feasible the post-administration of STS to CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hasuda
- Department of Experimental Cell Research, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Vrána O, Brabec V. Electrochemical analysis of antitumour platinum drugs and their complexes with DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(88)85013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Vrána O, Brabec V. Electrochemical analysis of antitumour platinum drugs and their complexes with DNA. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)87128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Riley CM. Bioanalysis of cisplatin analogues — a selective review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1988; 6:669-76. [PMID: 16867330 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(88)80078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/1987] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of analytical procedures have been described for the determination of cisplatin and its analogues in biological fluids (plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate and urine), as well as in solid tissues. This paper attempts to review those methods which have been most commonly used in practice. These analytical methods may be conveniently divided into non-selective methods which detect only the platinum metal and selective methods which are capable of detecting the intact compounds. The non-selective methods include X-ray fluorescence, proton induced X-ray emission, flameless atomic absorption (FAA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The latter method requires pre-column derivatization with diethyldithiocarbamate. The selective methods generally employ a fractionation step using HPLC followed by either on-line or off-line detection. Off-line detection by FAA requires the collection of fractions from the HPLC column and is somewhat tedious. On the other hand, sample preparation is minimal and biological fluids may be injected directly onto the column. The most sensitive HPLC methods for the determination of cisplatin and its analogues in biological fluids employ on-line electrochemical detection or post column derivatization with bisulphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Riley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Hegedüs L, van der Vijgh WJ, Klein I, Kerpel-Fronius S, Pinedo HM. Chemical reactivity of cisplatin bound to human plasma proteins. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1987; 20:211-2. [PMID: 2824080 DOI: 10.1007/bf00570487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human plasma was incubated with cisplatin over 24 h. Ultrafilterable platinum and platinum reactive with DDTC were determined at regular time intervals during incubation. At each time point more platinum reacted with sodium N,N1-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) than was available as ultrafilterable platinum. At 24 h 70% of total platinum (10% ultrafiltrable platinum and 60% protein-bound platinum) reacted with DDTC. This means that cisplatin bound to plasma proteins can--at least in part--still react with strong nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hegedüs
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Siddik ZH, Boxall FE, Harrap KR. Flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of platinum in tissues solubilized in hyamine hydroxide. Anal Biochem 1987; 163:21-6. [PMID: 3039867 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Processing biological samples by solubilization in Hyamine hydroxide (methylbenzethonium hydroxide) as an alternative to wet ashing with concentrated nitric acid for atomic absorption determination of platinum has been explored. The concentrations of platinum in tissues removed from rats 2 h after they had received the antitumor drug Carboplatin (60 mg/kg, iv) were comparable using either of the procedures, indicating the utility of tissue solubilization. Limits of detection were also comparable between the Hyamine hydroxide (0.25 microgram platinum/g) and nitric acid (0.15 microgram/g) procedures. The solubilization method, however, has advantages over wet digestion because of its simplicity and greater safety.
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Erlichman C, Soldin SJ, Thiessen JJ, Sturgeon JF, Fine S. Disposition of total and free cisplatin on two consecutive treatment cycles in patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1987; 19:75-9. [PMID: 3815729 DOI: 10.1007/bf00296261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The disposition of total and ultrafilterable cisplatin was determined in 12 women with ovarian carcinoma receiving cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 during their first and second course. Plasma samples were obtained over 96 h following the completion of the cisplatin infusion and assayed for total platinum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plasma samples obtained up to 4 h after cisplatin infusion contained measurable ultrafilterable (free) cisplatin. The mean disposition of free cisplatin conformed to a two-compartment model with a mean terminal half-life (+/- SD) of 46.2 +/- 20.2 min during the first course and 37.8 +/- 18.0 min during the second course of therapy. The mean disposition of total cisplatin conformed to a three-compartment model with a mean terminal half-life (+/- SD) of 57.8 +/- 19.3 h during the first course and 86.6 +/- 33.3 h during the second course of therapy. We found that the mean total cisplatin levels were significantly higher during the second course than the first course and the total body clearance of total platinum decreased from the first to the second course. Divided urine collections were obtained over 24 h after completion of cisplatin infusion, but cisplatin was not always detectable at all time intervals. The total fraction recovered was 0.14 and 0.12 of administered dose after the first and the second course, respectively. Renal clearance was 0.61 +/- 0.32 l/h/m2 and 0.45 +/- 0.16 l/h/m2 for the first and the second course, respectively. We conclude that: urinary platinum excretion is variable between patients and with time; a trend to decreased renal clearance of platinum from first to second course may be due to a decrease in renal excretion of cisplatin; and the body's elimination pathways clear less platinum upon repeat administration.
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Riviere JE, Page RL, Dewhirst MW, Tyczkowska K, Thrall DE. Effect of hyperthermia on cisplatin pharmacokinetics in normal dogs. Int J Hyperthermia 1986; 2:351-8. [PMID: 3805804 DOI: 10.3109/02656738609004965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo cisplatin pharmacokinetic studies were conducted at 37 degrees C and 42-43 degrees C in dogs. Cisplatin at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 micrograms/ml was incubated with canine serum at 37 degrees and 43 degrees C. Aliquots were processed immediately for atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine total as well as free, ultrafilterable cisplatin concentrations. Thirteen healthy, average-sized mongrel dogs received 1 mg/kg cisplatin as an intravenous bolus. Four were maintained unanaesthetized at 37 degrees C, two were anaesthetized and maintained at 37 degrees C and seven were anaesthetized and maintained at a rectal temperature of 42 degrees C for 60 min. Serum samples were obtained and processed for free and total cisplatin. There were no detectable concentration effects present in either in vitro group. The rate constant reflecting the decay of free cisplatin at 37 degrees C was 0.0035 +/- 0.0007 min-1 and increased significantly (P less than 0.0001) to 0.0053 +/- 0.001 min-1 at 43 degrees C. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis consisted of model-independent parameters (total body clearance, volume of distribution, half-life and mean residence time). A significant increase (P less than or equal to 0.05) in all parameters was observed with free-cisplatin at 42 degrees C. This data would indicate that at the elevated temperatures encountered in whole body hyperthermia, the rate of formation of reactive metabolites from parent cisplatin is increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Dominici C, Alimonti A, Caroli S, Petrucci F, Castello MA. Chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin monitoring in biological fluids by means of inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Clin Chim Acta 1986; 158:207-15. [PMID: 3769198 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(86)90284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antitumoral agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) was administered at doses of 40 mg m-2 body surface area daily for 5 days via continuous i.v. infusion in association with etoposide (VP-16-213). The Pt concentration in serum up to 30 days from the beginning of the therapy was monitored by inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Results lead to two main conclusions: the analytical technique employed is suitable for measurements of Pt in biological fluids with the necessary precision (0.95-2.5%), accuracy (recovery 98.5-101.7%) and detection power (0.002-0.004 mg/l); there were effective Pt plasma concentrations for a greater length of time (with peak value 2.0 mg/l towards the end of treatment) than those achieved by other therapies so far adopted. On the other hand, toxic side effects, in particular gastrointestinal toxicity, myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity, were found to be not worse than those generally caused by the administration of the chemotherapeutic compound at lower doses. Both aspects were deeded to be essential prerequisites for better exploiting the drug's effectiveness.
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Abstract
The present review on the quantification of cytostatic drugs has mainly been focussed on chromatographic techniques. Special attention has been paid to the precautions that have to be taken into account to ensure the selectivity and accuracy of the various methods. The various cytostatics that have been dealt with are: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, vinca alkaloids, antibiotics, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, podophyllotoxine derivatives, and nitrosoureas.
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Cisplatin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-5428(08)60577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Andrews PA, Wung WE, Howell SB. A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with improved selectivity for cisplatin and active platinum (II) complexes in plasma ultrafiltrate. Anal Biochem 1984; 143:46-56. [PMID: 6099065 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) was measured in plasma ultrafiltrate following derivatization with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) by quantitation against a nickel chloride internal standard. A chloroform extract containing the Pt(DDTC)2 and Ni(DDTC)2 complexes was separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 radial compression column. The complex was eluted with methanol/water, 4/1, at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min, and was detected at 254 nm. The limit of sensitivity was 0.1 microgram/ml DDP in the ultrafiltrate. This analytical approach was validated by comparison to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric determinations of duplicate samples. There was clearly a component of the ultrafiltrable platinum present that was resistant to derivatization by DDTC. Evidence is presented that this component, presumably Pt(II) complexed with endogenous small molecules, is non cytotoxic and, hence, that this method may be selective for "active Pt(II)." This method offers an advantage over atomic absorption determination of total platinum in ultrafiltrate which does not discriminate between active and inactive forms, and over off-line FAA detection of parent DDP in HPLC eluates which ignores other active forms. Using this technique we have measured the pharmacokinetics of DDTC-reactive Pt(II) in humans after either i.v. infusion or infusion of DDP into the peritoneal cavity of patients with ovarian carcinoma.
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Drummer OH, Proudfoot A, Howes L, Louis WJ. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of platinum (II) in plasma ultrafiltrate and urine: comparison with a flameless atomic absorption spectrometric method. Clin Chim Acta 1984; 136:65-74. [PMID: 6319051 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A technically simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic assay for cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in human plasma ultrafiltrate and urine is described. The drug was chelated by exchange with diethyldithiocarbamate and extracted into chloroform. Nickel (II) was used as an internal standard which allows correction for the matrix effects observed with previous chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Chromatography was performed on a mu-Bondapak CN column and the eluent measured spectrophotometrically at 254 nm. Precision and reproducibility were both excellent and the detection limit was less than 50 ng/ml using only 1 ml of biological fluid.
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Mattox DE, Sternson LA, Von Hoff DD, Kuhn JG, Repta AJ. Tumor concentration of platinum in patients with head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1983; 91:271-5. [PMID: 6410327 DOI: 10.1177/019459988309100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous concentrations of total plasma platinum, filterable platinum, intact cisplatin, and total tumor platinum were measured for 24 hours after an intravenous bolus of cisplatin in five patients. Tumor concentrations of drug were greater than could be explained on the basis of circulating plasma platinum at the time of biopsy. Intratumor platinum concentrations derived from this study provide guidance for selection of the appropriate drug concentrations for in vitro chemosensitivity testing of head and neck cancer in humans.
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37
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Harrison R, McAuliffe CA, Zaki A, Baer J, Sharma H, Smith A, Jackson H, Fox BW. A comparative study of the distribution in the male rat of platinum-labelled cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II), cis-trans-dichlorodihydroxy-bis-(isopropylamine) platinum (I), and cis-dichloro-bis-cyclopropylamine platinum (II). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1983; 10:90-5. [PMID: 6682017 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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38
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Richmond WN, Baldwin RP. Chloride-assisted electrochemical detection of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) after liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(83)80013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Riley CM, Sternson LA, Repta AJ. Assessment of cisplatin reactivity with peptides and proteins using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 1982; 124:167-79. [PMID: 6889821 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Kučera J, Drobník J. Determination of platinum in urine and serum after the administration of cisplatin by neutron activation analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02519975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Cano JP, Catalin J, Bues-Charbit M. Platinum determination in plasma and urine by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J Appl Toxicol 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Chapter 4k Elemental Analysis Of Body Fluids And Tissues By Electrothermal Atomisation And Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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43
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Riley C, Sternson L, Repta A. High-performance liquid chromatography of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) using chemically-bonded and solvent-generated ion exchangers. J Chromatogr A 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)88094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Abstract
Incubation of dialyzed rat serum with cisplatin at a concentration of 908 ppm results in binding of platinum to the proteins and electrophoretic evidence of protein alterations. Intravenous administration of protein-bound platinum(cis), containing the same platinum content as an 8.5-mg/kg dose of cisplatin, fails to produce elevated serum BUN and creatinine levels as do equivalent doses of 'free' cisplatin in 0.9% saline. Light microscopy of the right side kidneys of rats receiving protein-bound platinum(cis) revealed no obvious pathology while the kidneys of rats receiving 'free' cisplatin showed consistent pathological alterations including hydropic degeneration and pyknotic nuclei. These observations suggest that a protein-bound form of platinum will be unlikely to contribute to the renal toxicity observed during cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Hull DA, Muhammad N, Lanese JG, Reich SD, Finkelstein TT, Fandrich S. Determination of platinum in serum and ultrafiltrate by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J Pharm Sci 1981; 70:500-2. [PMID: 7241351 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric assay, capable of accurately determining nanogram amounts of platinum in serum and ultrafiltrate, was developed. A sample serum or ultrafiltrate was acidified with nitric acid and heated to destroy the protein-platinum bond. A measured excess of ammonium 1-pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate was added, and the platinum complex was extracted into isopropylacetone. The extract was injected into the graphite furnace. The sample was dried, charred, and atomized using optimal conditions. The resulting absorbance was used to determine the platinum content.
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46
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Discussion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gullo JJ, Litterst CL, Maguire PJ, Sikic BI, Hoth DF, Woolley PV. Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) administered as a one hour or as a twenty hour infusion. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1980; 5:21-6. [PMID: 6161715 DOI: 10.1007/bf00578558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of cis-dichlorodiam-minoplatinum (II) (cisplatin) have been studied in seven patients, of whom four received the drug as a one hour infusion and three received it as a 20 h infusion. The patients receiving the drug over one hour exhibited biphasic clearance of total platinum with a rapid initial phase (8.7-22.5 min) and a prolonged second phase (30.5-106 h). Free (ultrafilterable) cisplatin was readily detectable in this group and was rapidly cleared (half-life about 22 min). The volume of distribution of the drug was 50.3-65.6 liters and it was 26.6-50% excreted in the urine in 48 h. In the patients receiving the 20 h infusion, a more complex plasma elimination curve was seen, with the appearance of a secondary peak. Free drug was not detectable in these patients and they showed less urinary excretion (21.4-25.9% at 48 h) than the one hour group. Cisplatin was bound to several plasma proteins, including albumin, transferrin, and gamma-globulin. The data indicate that cisplatin is retained in the body more extensively after a 20 h infusion than after a one hour infusion.
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Bannister SJ, Sternson LA, Repta AJ. Urine analysis of platinum species derived from cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) by high-performance liquid chromatography following derivatization with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. J Chromatogr A 1979; 173:333-42. [PMID: 232706 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)92301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A clinically useful method is described for the quantitative analysis of platinum species derived from cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in urine. The drug and its biodegradation products are derivatized directly in urine by reaction with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) to form a common product, a 2:1 DDTC-platinum adduct. This complex is stable and can be quantitatively extracted into 0.1 volumes of chloroform. An aliquot of the chloroform layer is then subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography on a muBondapak CN column and the eluent monitored spectrophotometrically at 254 nm. At this wavelength the DDTC-platinum adduct has a molar absorptivity of 43,000, and platinum levels of 25 ng/ml or urine can be detected with a precision of +/- 2.5% and an accuracy of +/- 4%.
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50
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Stobaugh JF, Sternson LA, Repta AJ. A Clinical Method for the Analysis of Amygdalin in Human Plasma. ANAL LETT 1978. [DOI: 10.1080/00032717808059725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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