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O'Brien KB, Sharrief AZ, Nordstrom EJ, Travanty AJ, Huynh M, Romero MP, Bittner KC, Bowser MT, Burton FH. Biochemical markers of striatal desensitization in cortical-limbic hyperglutamatergic TS- & OCD-like transgenic mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 89:11-20. [PMID: 29481900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tics and compulsions in comorbid Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with chronic hyperactivity of parallel cortico/amygdalo-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop circuits. Comorbid TS- & OCD-like behaviors have likewise been observed in D1CT-7 mice, in which an artificial neuropotentiating transgene encoding the cAMP-elevating intracellular subunit of cholera toxin (CT) is chronically expressed selectively in somatosensory cortical & amygdalar dopamine (DA) D1 receptor-expressing neurons that activate cortico/amygdalo-striatal glutamate (GLU) output. We've now examined in D1CT-7 mice whether the chronic GLU output from their potentiated cortical/limbic CSTC subcircuit afferents associated with TS- & OCD-like behaviors elicits desensitizing neurochemical changes in the striatum (STR). Microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis and in situ hybridization reveal that the mice's chronic GLU-excited STR exhibits pharmacodynamic changes in three independently GLU-regulated measures of output neuron activation, co-excitation, and desensitization, signifying hyperactive striatal CSTC output and compensatory striatal glial and neuronal desensitization: 1) Striatal GABA, an output neurotransmitter induced by afferent GLU, is increased. 2) Striatal d-serine, a glial excitatory co-transmitter inhibited by afferent GLU, is decreased. 3) Striatal Period1 (Per1), which plays a non-circadian role in the STR as a GLU + DA D1- (cAMP-) dependent repressor thought to feedback-inhibit GLU + DA- triggered ultradian urges and motions, is transcriptionally abolished. These data imply that chronic cortical/limbic GLU excitation of the STR desensitizes its co-excitatory d-serine & DA inputs while freezing its GABA output in an active state to mediate chronic tics and compulsions - possibly in part by abolishing striatal Per1-dependent ultradian extinction of urges and motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 139 Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Anjail Z Sharrief
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Clark Science Center, 1 College Lane, Sabin-Reed 429, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Eric J Nordstrom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA
| | - Anthony J Travanty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - Mailee Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA
| | - Megan P Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA
| | - Katie C Bittner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - Michael T Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 139 Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Frank H Burton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA.
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2
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Harstad RK, Bowser MT. High-Speed Microdialysis-Capillary Electrophoresis Assays for Measuring Branched Chain Amino Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8115-22. [PMID: 27398773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a high-throughput microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis (MD-CE) assay for monitoring branched chain amino acid (BCAA) uptake/release dynamics in 3T3-L1 cells. BCAAs (i.e., isoleucine, leucine, and valine) and their downstream metabolites (i.e., alanine, glutamine, and glutamate) are important indicators of adipocyte lipogenesis. To perform an analysis, amino acids were sampled using microdialysis, fluorescently labeled in an online reaction, separated using CE, and detected using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in a sheath flow cuvette. Separation conditions were optimized for the resolution of the BCAAs isoleucine, leucine, and valine, as well as 13 other amino acids, including ornithine, alanine, glutamine, and glutamate. CE separations were performed in <30 s, and the temporal resolution of the online MD-CE assay was <60 s. Limits of detection (LOD) were 400, 200, and 100 nM for isoleucine, leucine, and valine, respectively. MD-CE dramatically improved throughput in comparison to traditional offline CE methods, allowing 8 replicates of 15 samples (i.e., 120 analyses) to be assayed in <120 min. The MD-CE assay was used to assess the metabolism dynamics of 3T3-L1 cells over time, confirming the utility of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Harstad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Prikryl J, Foret F. Fluorescence detector for capillary separations fabricated by 3D printing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11951-6. [PMID: 25427247 DOI: 10.1021/ac503678n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple inexpensive light-emitting diode (LED)-based fluorescence detector for detection in capillary separations is described. The modular design includes a separate high power LED source, detector head, designed in the epifluorescence arrangement, and capillary detection cells. The detector head and detection cells were printed using a 3D printer and assembled with commercially available optical components. Optical fibers were used for connecting the detector head to the LED excitation source and the photodetector module. Microscope objective or high numerical aperture optical fiber were used for collection of the fluorescence emission from the fused silica separation capillary. As an example, mixture of oligosaccharides labeled by 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS) was separated by capillary zone electrophoresis and detected by the described detector. The performance of the detector was compared with both a semiconductor photodiode and photomultiplier as light sensing elements. The main advantages of the 3D printed parts, compared to the more expensive alternatives from the optic component suppliers, include not only cost reduction, but also easy customization of the spatial arrangement, modularity, miniaturization, and sharing of information between laboratories for easy replication or further modifications of the detector. All information and files necessary for printing the presented detector are enclosed in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prikryl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry AS CR, v. v. i. , 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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Chaisuwan P, Nacapricha D, Wilairat P, Jiang Z, William Smith N. Monolithic and packed particle materials for in-line pre-concentration in capillary electrophoresis for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-methamphetamine and terbutaline. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4008-16. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Contributions of capillary electrophoresis to neuroscience. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:144-58. [PMID: 18054026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a small-volume separation approach amenable to the analysis of complex samples for their small molecule, peptide and protein content. A number of the features of CE make it a method of choice for addressing questions related to neurochemistry. The figures of merit inherent to CE that make it well suited for studying cell-to-cell and intracellular signaling include small sample volumes, high separation efficiency, the ability for online analyte concentration, and compatibility with sensitive and high-information content detection methods. A variety of instrumental aspects are detailed, including detection methods and sampling techniques that are particularly useful for the analysis of signaling molecules. Studies that have used these techniques to increase our understanding of neurobiology are emphasized throughout. One notable application is single neuron chemical analysis, a research area that has been greatly advanced by CE.
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6
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Abstract
Over the past decade, chemical cytometry performed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become increasingly valuable as a bioanalytical tool to quantify analytes from single cells. However, extensive use of CE-based chemical cytometry has been hindered by the relatively low throughput for the analysis of single adherent cells. In order to overcome the low throughput of CE-based analysis of adherent cells and increase its utility in evaluating cellular attributes, new higher throughput methods are needed. Integration of a coaxial buffer exchange system with CE-based chemical cytometry increased the rate of serial analyses of cells. In the designed system, fluid flow through a tube coaxial to the separation capillary was used to supply electrophoretic buffer to the capillary. This sheath or coaxial fluid was turned off between analysis of cells and on during cell sampling and electrophoresis. Thus, living cells were not exposed to the nonphysiologic electrophoretic buffer prior to lysis. Key parameters of the system such as the relative capillary-sheath positions, buffer flow velocities, and the cell chamber design were optimized. To demonstrate the utility of the system, rat basophilic leukemic cells loaded with Oregon green and fluorescein were serially lysed and loaded into a capillary. Separation of the contents of 20 cells at a rate of 0.5 cells/min was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Marc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Boček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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O'Brien KB, Bowser MT. Measuring D-serine efflux from mouse cortical brain slices using online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1949-56. [PMID: 16703626 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Efflux of a number of important neurochemicals, including D-serine, L-serine, taurine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), from mouse cortical brain slices housed in a 7 microL perfusion chamber was monitored using online microdialysis-CE (MD-CE). Analyte concentrations could be measured every 20-27 s using the MD-CE instrument. Stimulation with high potassium induced increased release of D-serine. Kainic acid (KA) induced D-serine release, but this release was not blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, suggesting that alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid/KA receptors do not mediate D-serine release. Application of L-serine, the precursor of D-serine, resulted in increased extracellular D-serine concentrations. L-Cysteine also increased extracellular D-serine levels in a partially Na+-dependent manner. The observed effects upon application of L-serine and L-cysteine support the involvement of ASC neutral amino acid transporters in regulating the extracellular concentration of D-serine concentration through competitive inhibition of uptake or increased release through heteroexchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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O'Brien KB, Esguerra M, Miller RF, Bowser MT. Monitoring neurotransmitter release from isolated retinas using online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2006; 76:5069-74. [PMID: 15373444 DOI: 10.1021/ac049822v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Release of neurotransmitters and other primary amine-containing analytes from intact, isolated larval salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retinas maintained in a 6.5-microL perfusion chamber was monitored using online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). Primary amines were derivatized online with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and beta-mercaptoethanol. With the use of overlapping injections, the perfusate was sampled every approximately 10 s. Although separation conditions were optimized using 20 mM hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-gamma-CD) for a number of important neuromessengers including D- and L-serine, D- and L-asparate, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and taurine, only glutamate (0.48 +/- 0.27 microM), GABA (0.25 +/- 0.12 microM), taurine (5.5 +/- 2.1 microM), and l-serine (2.8 +/- 1.0 microM) were identified in the perfusate. Elevated levels of glutamate, GABA, and taurine were detected during stimulation with 60 mM K+. This method is the first to directly sample multiple neurotransmitters from perfused, isolated retinas and to observe changes in efflux of these neurotransmitters as a result of pharmacological stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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10
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Ciriacks CM, Bowser MT. Measuring the effect of glutamate receptor agonists on extracellular D-serine concentrations in the rat striatum using online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis. Neurosci Lett 2005; 393:200-5. [PMID: 16266784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 09/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to measure the changes in extracellular D-serine concentration in response to the application of glutamate agonists and antagonists in the rat striatum. The microdialysis-CE assay was capable of measuring concentration changes as small as 8% with a sampling rate of 12-15s. Kainic acid (KA) induced increases in D- and L-serine concentrations. Application of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX did not affect the increases observed for D- or L-serine, suggesting a nonspecific effect. NMDA also induced increases in D-serine, L-serine, glutamate and GABA concentrations. These increases were attenuated by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda M Ciriacks
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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11
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Britz-McKibbin P, Ichihashi T, Tsubota K, Chen DDY, Terabe S. Complementary on-line preconcentration strategies for steroids by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1013:65-76. [PMID: 14604109 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Complementary on-line preconcentration strategies are needed when analyzing different classes of solutes in real samples by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection. The performance of three different on-line preconcentration (focusing) techniques under alkaline conditions was examined in terms of their selectivity and sensitivity enhancement for a group of steroids, including classes of androgens, corticosteroids and estrogens. Electrokinetic focusing of large sample injection plugs (up to 28% of effective capillary length or 22.1 cm) directly on-capillary can be tuned for specific classes of steroids based on changes in their mobility (velocity) using a multi-section electrolyte system in CE. A dynamic pH junction was applied for the selective resolution and focusing of weakly acidic estrogens using borate, pH 11.0 and pH 8.0 in the background electrolyte and the sample, respectively. Sweeping, using an anionic bile acid surfactant and neutral gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) under alkaline conditions (pH 8), resulted in focusing and separation of the moderately hydrophobic (non-ionic) classes of steroids, such as androgen and corticosteroids. Optimal focusing and resolution of all test steroids under a single buffer condition was realized by a dynamic pH junction-sweeping format using borate, pH 11.0 and bile acid surfactant with gamma-CD in the BGE, whereas the sample is devoid of surfactant at pH 8.0. The design of selective on-line focusing strategies in CE is highlighted by the analysis of microgram amounts of ethynyl estradiol derived from a female contraceptive pill extract using the dynamic pH junction method, which resulted in over a 100-fold enhancement in concentration sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Graduate School of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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12
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Wetterhall M, Palmblad M, Håkansson P, Markides KE, Bergquist J. Rapid analysis of tryptically digested cerebrospinal fluid using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2002; 1:361-6. [PMID: 12645892 DOI: 10.1021/pr025526s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has in recent years been established as the method of choice for protein identification and characterization in proteomics. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a fast and efficient method for the separation of peptides and proteins. The on-line combination of CE with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) has been shown to be a powerful tool in the analysis of complex mixtures of proteins. This paper presents the first results from a proteomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid proteins by tryptic digestion and CE-FTICR-MS, where 30 proteins could be identified on a 95% confidence level with mass measurement errors less than 5 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Wetterhall
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, PO Box 531, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Xiong S, Han H, Zhao R, Chen Y, Liu G. Capillary electrophoresis of catecholamines with laser-induced fluorescence intensified charge-coupled device detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:83-8. [PMID: 11268047 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence-intensified charge-coupled device system was used for the separation and determination of catecholamines. Optimization of derivatization and separation conditions was investigated in order to reach a high separation efficiency and sensitivity. All fluorecein isothiocyanate derivatives of catecholamines were satisfactorily separated within 12 min. The detection limits were in attomole ranges. This method allows determination of catecholamines with high separation efficiencies and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xiong
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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14
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Marino MA, Devaney JM, Davis PA, Girard JE. Optimization of intercalation dye concentration for short tandem repeat allele genotyping using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 732:365-74. [PMID: 10517359 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection requires that polymerase chain reaction products either be prepared using primers with fluorescent molecules covalently bonded to them, or stained with a fluorescent intercalation dye following amplification. The intercalation technique has the advantage of allowing fluorescence detection of any double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) product regardless of the amplification primers used. The increased sensitivity of LIF detection is sometimes compromised by the intercalation dye changing the mass to charge ratio of the DNA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of migration rate, resolution and fluorescent intensity of dye-DNA complexes during electrophoretic separations, and to establish the optimal parameters for short tandem repeats alleles profiling. The alleles of three STR loci THO1, F13A01 and vWFA31 were intercalated with the monomeric dyes TOPRO-1 and YOPRO-1, and their corresponding dimers, TOTO-1 and YOYO-1 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA). Alleles intercalated before injection onto the CE column resulted in loss of resolution and sensitivity when compared to the on-column labeling technique. The results of this experimentation were then applied to a STR typing assay using a commercially available polymer and buffer matrix. This assay included development of a unique internal standard used for migration time normalization assignment of alleles. Consequently, the 9 allele and the 9.3 microvariant of the THOI locus were separated and typed correctly with a resolution of 0.49 in less than 20 min, and the only sample preparation necessary after amplification was a dilution step.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Marino
- Center for Medical and Molecular Genetics, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Operational Genetics Laboratory, Washington, DC 20306, USA.
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15
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Bottani S, Rebscher H, Siebert R, Valentin L. Post-capillary laser-induced fluorescence detection without sheath-flow. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Oldenburg KE, Xi X, Sweedler JV. High resolution multichannel fluorescence detection for capillary electrophoresis. Application to multicomponent analysis. J Chromatogr A 1997; 788:173-83. [PMID: 9419877 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A wavelength-resolved fluorescence detector for laser-induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is described that uses a charge injection device (CID) array detector Post-column fluorescence detection occurs using a sheath flow cell. The limit of detection for fluorescein is 4.8 x 10(-11) M (29,000 molecules), the spectral resolution is 0.56 nm/pixel, and the spectrograph/CID monitors a 250 nm spectrum throughout the 250-875 nm range. Custom array readout, data manipulation and data processing methods are described to convert wavelength/spatial CID images into electropherograms. The application of the system to characterizing bilirubins in human serum is described, demonstrating the ability to match electrophoretic peaks to standards using spectral information.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Oldenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801, USA
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Reyderman L, Stavchansky S. Determination of single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence and on column derivatization. J Chromatogr A 1996; 755:271-80. [PMID: 8997752 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OliGreen reagent, a new dye for complexing of oligonucleotides of low molecular mass was successfully utilized for their quantitative analysis using on column derivatization and capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence. Method optimization for the precise, accurate and reproducible quantitation of low-molecular-mass oligonucleotides from aqueous matrices is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reyderman
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics 78712, USA
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18
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Marino MA, Weaver KR, Tully LA, Girard JE, Belgrader P. Characterization of mitochondrial DNA using low-stringency single specific primer amplification analyzed by laser induced fluorescence--capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1996; 17:1499-504. [PMID: 8905267 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150170915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA typing is routinely used in forensics for identity testing. Those assays that distinguish single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) require other biochemical reactions in addition to PCR to identify the sequence polymorphisms. Low-stringency sequence-specific PCR (LSSP-PCR) is an example of a recent method that does not require additional biochemical treatments. The analysis of LSSP-PCR by capillary electrophoresis (CE) to discriminate the highly polymorphic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region is described. The DNA from five individuals were amplified (first step) using sequence-specific primers to produce 1021 bp fragments containing the D-loop region. Each fragment was isolated by electroelution using CE and UV detection, and subjected to a second amplification (second step) using a single primer annealed under low stringency conditions. This generated a range or profile of PCR products for each sample, which were resolved and analyzed by CE with the intercalator TOTO-1 and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The LSSP-PCR profiles were unique for each individual, indicating that this technique may be applicable for forensic identity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Marino
- Developmental Laboratory, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, USA. marino.@e-mail.afip.osd.mil
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Wang CC, McCann WP, Beale SC. Measurement of adenosine by capillary zone electrophoresis with on-column isotachophoretic preconcentration. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 676:19-28. [PMID: 8852040 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An on-column isotachophoretic (ITP)-capillary electrophoresis (CE) system capable of preconcentrating polyhydroxyl species is reported. The ITP-CE system utilizes borate complexation of the neutral diol species to form anionic compounds that can be directly separated by CE. Borate buffer functions as both the terminating electrolyte for the ITP preconcentration and the operating buffer for the subsequent CE separation. Isotachophoretic preconcentration allows injection volumes as large as 50% of the column volume, without compromising separation integrity, to yield detection limits about 70-fold lower than direct CE separation (with borate operating buffer). In this paper we also present an application of the ITP-CE system, with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, to the quantitative analysis of adenosine from urine. Nanomolar concentration levels of adenosine are successfully derivatized with chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) to form a fluorescent derivative whose spectral characteristics match the He-Cd laser. The technique is shown to be capable of quantitative measurement of adenosine as low as 10(-9) M, the levels expected in plasma and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA
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20
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Zhao JY, Labbe J, Dovichi NJ. Use of a sheath flow cuvette for chemiluminescence detection of isoluminol thiocarbamyl-amino acids separated by capillary electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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