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Conti F, Di Martino S, Drago F, Bucolo C, Micale V, Montano V, Siciliano G, Mancuso M, Lopriore P. Red Flags in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases: What Should We Recognize? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16746. [PMID: 38069070 PMCID: PMC10706469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are complex group of metabolic disorders caused by genetically determined impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The unique features of mitochondrial genetics and the pivotal role of mitochondria in cell biology explain the phenotypical heterogeneity of primary mitochondrial diseases and the resulting diagnostic challenges that follow. Some peculiar features ("red flags") may indicate a primary mitochondrial disease, helping the physician to orient in this diagnostic maze. In this narrative review, we aimed to outline the features of the most common mitochondrial red flags offering a general overview on the topic that could help physicians to untangle mitochondrial medicine complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95213 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Montano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
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2
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Ortín-Bustillo A, Botía M, López-Martínez MJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ, González-Bulnes A, Manzanilla EG, Goyena E, Tecles F, Muñoz-Prieto A. Changes in S100A8/A9 and S100A12 and Their Comparison with Other Analytes in the Saliva of Pigs with Diarrhea Due to E. coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2556. [PMID: 37627347 PMCID: PMC10451909 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of calgranulins includes S100A8 (calgranulin A), S100A9 (calgranulin B), which can appear as a heterodimer known as S100A8/A9 or calprotectin, and S100A12 (calgranulin C). These proteins are related to different inflammatory conditions, immune-mediated diseases, and sepsis and are considered biomarkers of potential interest. This study aims to evaluate if S100A8/A9 and A12 could change in pigs with diarrhea due to E. coli and to compare the changes of S100A8/A9 and A12 with other analytes in order to explore the possible causes or mechanisms involved. For this purpose, a panel integrated by analytes related to inflammation (haptoglobin, inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor 4 (ITIH4), and total protein); immune system (adenosine deaminase, ADA); stress (alpha-amylase); tissue damage (lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)); sepsis (aldolase) and redox status (ferric-reducing ability of saliva (FRAS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)) was evaluated. S100A8/A9 and A12 and the other analytes measured in this study showed increases in the saliva of pigs with diarrhea due to E. coli. S100A8/A9 and/or A12 showed a significant correlation of different magnitude with some of the other analytes evaluated. Further studies should be conducted to gain knowledge about the possible practical applications as biomarkers of the measurements of S100A8/A9 and A12 in the saliva of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - María Botía
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Cuarte S.L. Grupo Jorge, Ctra. De Logroño, Km 9,2., Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Edgar García Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Teagasc, Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Goyena
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
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3
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Wang L, Nawrocki P, Nielsen LG, Grenier L, Sørensen TJ. A europium(III)-based nanooptode for bicarbonate sensing - a multicomponent approach to sensor materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9198-9201. [PMID: 35894692 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide luminescence contains detailed chemical information and can be used to report on several chemical analytes. This has been exploited through elaborate synthesis of responsive lanthanide complexes. Here, we report on a less elaborate approach and assemble four different nanooptodes. Europium(III) is used to sense the bicarbonate concentration. The signal from the optode was enhanced 100 times using antenna chromophore and the response was modulated by the addition of lipophilic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Patrick Nawrocki
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Lea G Nielsen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Laura Grenier
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Guerrero-Molina MP, Morales-Conejo M, Delmiro A, Morán M, Domínguez-González C, Arranz-Canales E, Ramos-González A, Arenas J, Martín MA, González de la Aleja J. Elevated glutamate and decreased glutamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MELAS syndrome. J Neurol 2022; 269:3238-3248. [PMID: 35088140 PMCID: PMC8794606 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the MT-TL1 gene. The pathophysiology of neurological manifestations is still unclear, but neuronal hyperexcitability and neuron–astrocyte uncoupling have been suggested. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is linked to glucose oxidation and mitochondrial metabolism in astrocytes and neurons. Given the relevance of neuron–astrocyte metabolic coupling and astrocyte function regulating energetic metabolism, we aimed to assess glutamate and glutamine CSF levels in MELAS patients. Methods This prospective observational case–control study determined glutamate and glutamine CSF levels in patients with MELAS syndrome and compared them with controls. The plasma and CSF levels of the remaining amino acids and lactate were also determined. Results Nine adult patients with MELAS syndrome (66.7% females mean age 35.8 ± 3.2 years) and 19 controls (63.2% females mean age 42.7 ± 3.8 years) were included. The CSF glutamate levels were significantly higher in patients with MELAS than in controls (18.48 ± 1.34 vs. 5.31 ± 1.09 μmol/L, p < 0.001). Significantly lower glutamine concentrations in patients with MELAS than controls were shown in CSF (336.31 ± 12.92 vs. 407.06 ± 15.74 μmol/L, p = 0.017). Moreover, the CSF levels of alanine, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and lactate were significantly higher in patients with MELAS. Conclusions Our results suggest the glutamate–glutamine cycle is altered probably due to metabolic imbalance, and as a result, the lactate–alanine and BCAA–glutamate cycles are upregulated. These findings might have therapeutic implications in MELAS syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-021-10942-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Guerrero-Molina
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Morales-Conejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) an European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Delmiro
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Arranz-Canales
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) an European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramos-González
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González de la Aleja
- National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) an European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Batista-Silva H, Rodrigues K, de Moura KRS, Elie N, Van Der Kraak G, Delalande C, Silva FRMB. In vivo and in vitro short-term bisphenol A exposures disrupt testicular energy metabolism and negatively impact spermatogenesis in zebrafish. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 107:10-21. [PMID: 34775058 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro and short-term in vivo effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on testicular energy metabolism and morphology in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Testes were incubated in vitro for 1 h or fish were exposed in vivo to BPA in the tank water for 12 h. Testicular lactate, glycogen and cholesterol were measured and 14C-deoxy-d-glucose uptake and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. In addition, testis samples from the in vivo exposures were subject to digital analysis of testicular cells using Ilastik software and the Pixel Classification module and estimation of apoptosis by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemical analysis. Our results from in vitro studies showed that BPA at 10 pM and 10 μM decreased testicular lactate content, glycogen content and LDH activity, but increased testicular AST activity. In addition, only BPA at 10 pM significantly decreased testicular ALT activity and cholesterol content. However, 14C-deoxy-d-glucose uptake was not changed. Furthermore, our results from in vivo studies showed that 10 pM BPA but not 10 μM BPA reduced testicular content of lactate and glycogen. In addition, both BPA concentrations decreased AST activity, whereas only BPA at 10 μM reduced ALT activity. However, LDH activity was not changed. Additionally, both concentrations of BPA induced spermatocyte apoptosis and a decrease in the proportion of the surface area of spermatids and spermatozoa. Collectively these data suggest that short-term BPA exposure affects energy metabolism and spermatogenesis in male zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, OeReCa, 14000, Caen, Normandie, France
| | - Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Nicolas Elie
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, SF ICORE, CMABio3, 14000, Caen, Normandie, France
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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6
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Percival BC, Latour YL, Tifft CJ, Grootveld M. Rapid Identification of New Biomarkers for the Classification of GM1 Type 2 Gangliosidosis Using an Unbiased 1H NMR-Linked Metabolomics Strategy. Cells 2021; 10:572. [PMID: 33807817 PMCID: PMC7998791 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers currently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of GM1 gangliosidosis type 2 (GM1T2) disease are mainly limited to those discovered in targeted proteomic-based studies. In order to identify and establish new, predominantly low-molecular-mass biomarkers for this disorder, we employed an untargeted, multi-analyte approach involving high-resolution 1H NMR analysis coupled to a range of multivariate analysis and computational intelligence technique (CIT) strategies to explore biomolecular distinctions between blood plasma samples collected from GM1T2 and healthy control (HC) participants (n = 10 and 28, respectively). The relationship of these differences to metabolic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of GM1T2 disorder was also investigated. 1H NMR-linked metabolomics analyses revealed significant GM1T2-mediated dysregulations in ≥13 blood plasma metabolites (corrected p < 0.04), and these included significant upregulations in 7 amino acids, and downregulations in lipoprotein-associated triacylglycerols and alanine. Indeed, results acquired demonstrated a profound distinctiveness between the GM1T2 and HC profiles. Additionally, employment of a genome-scale network model of human metabolism provided evidence that perturbations to propanoate, ethanol, amino-sugar, aspartate, seleno-amino acid, glutathione and alanine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and most especially branched-chain amino acid degradation (p = 10-12-10-5) were the most important topologically-highlighted dysregulated pathways contributing towards GM1T2 disease pathology. Quantitative metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that pathological locations associated with these dysfunctions were in the order fibroblasts > Golgi apparatus > mitochondria > spleen ≈ skeletal muscle ≈ muscle in general. In conclusion, results acquired demonstrated marked metabolic imbalances and alterations to energy demand, which are consistent with GM1T2 disease pathogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita C. Percival
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Yvonne L. Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA;
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- Deputy Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1205, USA;
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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7
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Batista-Silva H, Dambrós BF, Rodrigues K, Cesconetto PA, Zamoner A, Sousa de Moura KR, Gomes Castro AJ, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Acute exposure to bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate disrupts calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism and induces oxidative stress in the testis of Danio rerio. Biochimie 2020; 175:23-33. [PMID: 32417457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP) negatively affects testicular functions in different animal species, disturbing reproductive physiology and male fertility. The present study investigated the in vitro acute effect of BEHP on the mechanism of action of ionic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and energy metabolism. In addition, the effect of BEHP on oxidative stress was studied in vitro and in vivo in the testis of Danio rerio (D. rerio). Testes were treated in vitro for 30 min with 1 μM BEHP for 45Ca2+ influx measurements. Testes were also incubated with 1 μM BEHP for 1 h (in vitro) or 12 h (in vivo) for the measurements of lactate content, 14C-deoxy-d-glucose uptake, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the effect of BEHP (1 μM) on GGT, glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT) activity in the liver was evaluated after in vivo treatment for 12 h. BEHP disturbs the Ca2+ balance in the testis when given acutely in vitro. BEHP stimulated Ca2+ influx occurs through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCC), transitory receptor potential vaniloid (TRPV1) channels, reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activation and inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). BEHP affected energy metabolism in the testis by decreasing the lactate content and LDH activity. In vitro and in vivo acute effects of BEHP promoted oxidative stress by increasing ROS production, lipid peroxidation and GGT activity in the testis. Additionally, BEHP caused liver damage by increasing GPT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Betina Fernanda Dambrós
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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8
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Bridou L, Nielsen LG, Sørensen TJ. Using europium(III) complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacedic acid Eu.DO3A as a luminescent sensor for bicarbonate. J RARE EARTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Riché R, Liao M, Pena IA, Leung KY, Lepage N, Greene NDE, Sarafoglou K, Schimmenti LA, Drapeau P, Samarut É. Glycine decarboxylase deficiency-induced motor dysfunction in zebrafish is rescued by counterbalancing glycine synaptic level. JCI Insight 2018; 3:124642. [PMID: 30385710 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine encephalopathy (GE), or nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), is a rare recessive genetic disease caused by defective glycine cleavage and characterized by increased accumulation of glycine in all tissues. Here, based on new case reports of GLDC loss-of-function mutations in GE patients, we aimed to generate a zebrafish model of severe GE in order to unravel the molecular mechanism of the disease. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we knocked out the gldc gene and showed that gldc-/- fish recapitulate GE on a molecular level and present a motor phenotype reminiscent of severe GE symptoms. The molecular characterization of gldc-/- mutants showed a broad metabolic disturbance affecting amino acids and neurotransmitters other than glycine, with lactic acidosis at stages preceding death. Although a transient imbalance was found in cell proliferation in the brain of gldc-/- zebrafish, the main brain networks were not affected, thus suggesting that GE pathogenicity is mainly due to metabolic defects. We confirmed that the gldc-/- hypotonic phenotype is due to NMDA and glycine receptor overactivation, and demonstrated that gldc-/- larvae depict exacerbated hyperglycinemia at these synapses. Remarkably, we were able to rescue the motor dysfunction of gldc-/- larvae by counterbalancing pharmacologically or genetically the level of glycine at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Riché
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meijiang Liao
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Izabella A Pena
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kit-Yi Leung
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Lepage
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas DE Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology.,Department of Pediatrics, and.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,DanioDesign Inc., Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric Samarut
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,DanioDesign Inc., Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Westerlund E, Marelsson SE, Ehinger JK, Sjövall F, Morota S, Åsander Frostner E, Oldfors A, Darin N, Lundgren J, Hansson MJ, Fellman V, Elmér E. Oxygen consumption in platelets as an adjunct diagnostic method for pediatric mitochondrial disease. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:455-465. [PMID: 28981487 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDiagnosing mitochondrial disease (MD) is a challenge. In addition to genetic analyses, clinical practice is to perform invasive procedures such as muscle biopsy for biochemical and histochemical analyses. Blood cell respirometry is rapid and noninvasive. Our aim was to explore its possible role in diagnosing MD.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 113 pediatric patients, for whom MD was a differential diagnosis. A respiratory analysis model based on ratios (independent of mitochondrial specific content) was derived from a group of healthy controls and tested on the patients. The diagnostic accuracy of platelet respirometry was evaluated against routine diagnostic investigation.ResultsMD prevalence in the cohort was 16%. A ratio based on the respiratory response to adenosine diphosphate in the presence of complex I substrates had 96% specificity for disease and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.3. None of the individual ratios had sensitivity above 50%, but a combined model had 72% sensitivity.ConclusionNormal findings of platelet respirometry are not able to rule out MD, but pathological results make the diagnosis more likely and could strengthen the clinical decision to perform further invasive analyses. Our results encourage further study into the role of blood respirometry as an adjunct diagnostic tool for MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Westerlund
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sigurður E Marelsson
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saori Morota
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundgren
- Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Hansson
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Gonçalves R, Zamoner A, Zanatta L, Zanatta AP, Remor AP, da Luz Scheffer D, Latini A, Silva FRMB. 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 signalling on immature rat Sertoli cells: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glucose metabolism. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:233-243. [PMID: 28160135 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) is critical for the maintenance of normal male reproduction since reduced fertility is observed in vitamin D-deficient rats. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that is localized on Sertoli cells and catalyses the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl residues to an amino acid or peptide acceptor. Sertoli cells are also responsible for providing nutrients, as lactate, to the development of germ cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and the mechanism of action of 1,25-D3 on GGT on Sertoli cell functions from 30-day-old immature rat testis. Results demonstrated that 1,25-D3 stimulates GGT activity at Sertoli cells plasma membrane through a PKA-dependent mechanism of action, which was not dependent of active de novo protein synthesis. The hormone increases glucose uptake, as well as lactate production and release by Sertoli cells without altering the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition, 1,25-D3 did not change reduced glutathione (GSH) amount or oxygen consumption, and diminished Sertoli cell death. These findings demonstrate that 1,25-D3 stimulatory effect on GGT activity, glucose uptake, LDH activity and lactate production seem to be an important contribution of Sertoli cells for germ cells nutrition and for a full and active ongoing spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Bairro Trindade, Cx Postal 5069, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Bairro Trindade, Cx Postal 5069, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Bairro Trindade, Cx Postal 5069, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Pertile Remor
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Bairro Trindade, Cx Postal 5069, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Bairro Trindade, Cx Postal 5069, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Bairro Trindade, Cx Postal 5069, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Bairro Trindade, Cx Postal 5069, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil.
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12
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Mascarello A, Silva Frederico MJ, Gomes Castro AJ, Mendes CP, Dutra MF, Woehl VM, Yunes RA, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Nunes RJ. Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:491-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Intrathecal lactate predicting hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Surg Res 2014; 199:523-8. [PMID: 26076684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows possible benefits from continuous drainage by lumbar drain after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Under the hypothesis that compartmentalization occurs between the ventricle and subarachnoid space after massive SAH, this study aimed to evaluate the biochemical differences between ventricular and intrathecal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and assess the role of CSF lactate in shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC) after aneurysmal SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with modified Fisher grade III/IV aneurysmal SAH who underwent early obliteration were evaluated. Intrathecal and intraventricular CSF were obtained on day 7 post-SAH to measure their biochemical composition in terms of total protein, glucose, ferritin, and lactate. The associations of SDHC with the clinical parameters and CSF data were analyzed. RESULTS There were 28 patients (mean age, 55.4 y; males, 46.6%), including 18 (64.3%) with SDHC. Intrathecal CSF had significantly higher levels of total protein, ferritin, hemoglobin, and lactate but lower glucose level than intraventricular CSF (all P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis of clinical and CSF parameters, elevated intrathecal CSF lactate (P = 0.036) and the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (P = 0.05) were independent factors associated with SDHC. Moreover, intrathecal lactate >5.5 μM effectively predicted the occurrence of SDHC (odds ratio: 32, 95% confidence interval: 3.8-270.8; P = 0.0015). CONCLUSIONS By compartmentalization of the subarachnoid space after SAH, intrathecal lactate level is a useful predictive parameter for long-term SDHC in patients with aneurysmal SAH patients.
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Danč L, Bodor R, Troška P, Horčičiak M, Masár M. Determination of metabolic organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid by microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2146-54. [PMID: 24431209 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new MCE method for the determination of oxalic, citric, glycolic, lactic, and 2- and 3-hydroxybutyric acids, indicators of some metabolic and neurological diseases, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was developed. MCE separations were performed on a PMMA microchip with coupled channels at lower pH (5.5) to prevent proteins interference. A double charged counter-ion, BIS-TRIS propane, was very effective in resolving the studied organic acids. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 μM were obtained with the aid of contact conductivity detector implemented directly on the microchip. RSDs for migration time and peak area of organic acids in artificial and CSF samples were <0.8 and <9.7%, respectively. Recoveries of organic acids in untreated CSF samples on the microchip varied from 91 to 104%. Elimination of chloride interference, a major anionic constituent of CSF, has been reached by two approaches: (i) the use of coupled channels microchip in a column switching mode when approximately 97-99% of chloride was removed electrophoretically in the first separation channel and (ii) the implementation of micro-SPE with silver-form resin prior to the MCE analysis, which selectively removed chloride from undeproteinized CSF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Danč
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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15
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Musteata M, Nicolescu A, Solcan G, Deleanu C. The 1H NMR profile of healthy dog cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81192. [PMID: 24376499 PMCID: PMC3871169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of data for reference values in cerebrospinal fluid for healthy humans is limited due to obvious practical and ethical issues. The variability of reported values for metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid is quite large. Dogs present great similarities with humans, including in cases of central nervous system pathologies. The paper presents the first study on healthy dog cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic profile using 1H NMR spectroscopy. A number of 13 metabolites have been identified and quantified from cerebrospinal fluid collected from a group of 10 mix breed healthy dogs. The biological variability as resulting from the relative standard deviation of the physiological concentrations of the identified metabolites had a mean of 18.20% (range between 9.3% and 44.8%). The reported concentrations for metabolites may be used as normal reference values. The homogeneity of the obtained results and the low biologic variability show that the 1H NMR analysis of the dog’s cerebrospinal fluid is reliable in designing and interpreting clinical and therapeutic trials in dogs with central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Musteata
- Clinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Centre of Organic Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Clinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania
| | - Calin Deleanu
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Centre of Organic Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail:
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Kang HC, Lee YM, Kim HD. Mitochondrial disease and epilepsy. Brain Dev 2013; 35:757-61. [PMID: 23414619 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, organelles that generate energy for the cell. Mitochondrial diseases are often caused by mutations, acquired, or inherited in the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear genes that code for respiratory chain complexes in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial diseases involve multiple organs and show heterogeneous and unpredictable progression. The most common clinical presentation of mitochondrial diseases is encephalomyopathy, and epileptic seizures can frequently occur as a presenting sign of mitochondrial encephalopathy. While whether mitochondrial dysfunction or epilepsy is the cause or consequence is still debatable, they may be interrelated to create a vicious cycle. Epileptic phenotypes vary in different mitochondrial diseases. At present, there are no curative treatments for mitochondrial diseases, and the efficacy of many anticonvulsants, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and the ketogenic diet remain to be proven. Understanding the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases may further facilitate effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon-Chul Kang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Epilepsy Clinic, Severance Children's Hospital, Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Butler SJ, Parker D. Anion binding in water at lanthanide centres: from structure and selectivity to signalling and sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1652-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate and pyruvate concentrations and CSF lactate:pyruvate (L/P) ratios are important in several clinical settings, yet published normative data have significant limitations. We sought to determine a large dataset of stringently-defined normative data for CSF lactate and pyruvate concentrations and CSF L/P ratios. DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated data from 627 patients who had determinations of CSF lactate and/or CSF pyruvate from 2001 to 2011 at the Cleveland Clinic. Inclusion in the normal reference population required normal CSF cell counts, glucose and protein and routine serum chemistries and absence of progressive brain disorder, epilepsy, or seizure within 24h. Brain MRI, if done, showed no evidence of tumor, acute changes or basal ganglia abnormality. CSF cytology, CSF alanine and immunoglobulin levels, and oligoclonal band analysis were required to be normal, if done. Various inclusion/exclusion criteria were compared. RESULTS 92 patients fulfilled inclusion/exclusion criteria for a reference population. The 95% central intervals (2.5%-97.5%) for CSF lactate and pyruvate levels were 1.01-2.09mM and 0.03-0.15mM, respectively, and 9.05-26.37 for CSF L/P. There were no significant gender-related differences of CSF lactate or pyruvate concentrations or of CSF L/P. Weak positive correlations between the concentration of CSF lactate or pyruvate and age were noted. CONCLUSIONS Using stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria, we determined normative data for CSF lactate and pyruvate concentrations and CSF L/P ratios in a large, well-characterized reference population. Normalcy of routine CSF and blood analytes are the most important parameters in determining reference intervals for CSF lactate and pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ming Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
Mitochondria contain the respiratory chain enzyme complexes that carry out oxidative phosphorylation and produce the main part of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Although several proteins related with signalling, assembling, transporting, and enzymatic function can be impaired in mitochondrial diseases, most frequently the activity of the respiratory chain protein complexes is primarily or secondarily affected, leading to impaired oxygen utilization and reduced energy production. Mitochondrial diseases usually show a chronic, slowly progressive course and present with multiorgan involvement with varying onset between birth and late adulthood. Neuromuscular system is frequently affected in mitochondrial diseases. Although there is actually no specific therapy and cure for mitochondrial diseases, the understanding of the pathophysiology may further facilitate the diagnostic approach and open perspectives to future in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mock Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital and Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Diagnostic accuracy of blood and CSF lactate in identifying children with mitochondrial diseases affecting the central nervous system. Brain Dev 2012; 34:92-7. [PMID: 21875773 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate and pyruvate concentrations in identifying children with mitochondrial diseases (MD) affecting the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We studied lactate and pyruvate concentrations in paired samples of blood and CSF collected concurrently from 17 patients with MD (Leigh encephalomyelopathy 10, MELAS 5, Pearson disease 1, PDH deficiency 1) and those from control patients (n=49). RESULTS Although blood and CSF variables (lactate, pyruvate concentrations and lactate/pyruvate ratio) were significantly higher in the mitochondrial group than in the control group, there was considerable overlap of individual values between these two groups. The maximum value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was observed for the CSF lactate concentration (0.994, optimal cut-off value 19.9 mg/dl, sensitivity 0.941 and specificity 1.00), followed by the CSF pyruvate level (0.983). There was an inverse relationship between blood lactate and lactate CSF/blood ratio. For blood lactate concentrations between 20 and 40 mg/dl, a significant difference was also noted in the lactate CSF/blood ratio between the two groups (AUC 1.0, optimal cut-off value 0.91, sensitivity 1.0 and specificity 1.0). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that that CSF lactate level>19.9 mg/dl is the most reliable variable for identifying patients with MD affecting the CNS. When blood lactate concentrations are marginally elevated (20-40 mg/dl), lactate CSF/blood ratio>0.91 may also provide diagnostic information.
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Zanatta L, Zamoner A, Gonçalves R, Zanatta AP, Bouraïma-Lelong H, Bois C, Carreau S, Silva FRMB. Effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma membrane targets in immature rat testis: Ionic channels and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 515:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Elevated CSF-lactate is a reliable marker of mitochondrial disorders in children even after brief seizures. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2011; 15:101-8. [PMID: 21075023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased lactate is an important biochemical marker in diagnosis of children with suspicion of mitochondrial disorders. A diagnostic dilemma may originate if analyses are performed after seizures, when the increased lactate levels may be considered to result from the seizures. To address this problem, we ascertained the diagnostic value of lactate and alanine in blood (B) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children with mitochondrial disorders (n = 24), epilepsy (n = 32), psychomotor retardation (n = 23), meningitis (n = 12) and meningism (n = 16). METHODS Lactate concentration was measured using a spectrophotometric method. Amino acids in serum and CSF were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography with ninhydrin detection. RESULTS Average blood and CSF-lactate levels were significantly higher in children with mitochondrial disorders (3.87 ± 0.48 and 4.43 ± 0.55 mmol/l) and meningitis (2.77 ± 0.45 and 8.58 ± 1.08 mmol/l) than in children with epilepsy (1.72 ± 0.13 and 1.62 ± 0.04 mmol/l), psychomotor retardation (1.79 ± 1.40 and 1.68 ± 0.06 mmol/l) or meningism (1.70 ± 0.13 and 1.64 ± 0.07 mmol/l). Blood and CSF-alanine levels were also higher in children with mitochondrial disorders (558 ± 44 and 51 ± 8 μmol/l) than in children with epilepsy (327 ± 23 and 27 ± 3 μmol/l) or psychomotor retardation (323 ± 27 and 26 ± 3 μmol/l). The CSF-lactate levels of children with epilepsy were similar whether the samples were obtained 3 ± 0.6 h after an attack of brief seizures or from children without history of recent seizures. CONCLUSION Elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactate level is a reliable marker pointing to mitochondrial origin of disease, even in children who have recently suffered short-lasting seizures. Some children with mitochondrial disorders manifest only mild or intermittent elevation of lactate levels.
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Kisler JE, Whittaker RG, McFarland R. Mitochondrial diseases in childhood: a clinical approach to investigation and management. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52:422-33. [PMID: 20163433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a common cause of inherited neurological disorders in children. Although dysfunction of the central nervous system is prominent, multisystem involvement also occurs. Diagnosis relies on characteristic clinical features, an understanding of mitochondrial genetics, and a logical, informed approach to investigations. There is a significant body of recent literature on advances in mitochondrial genetics and the investigation of mitochondrial diseases. However, to our knowledge there remains a paucity of published information on the management of these disorders. Management of the complex constellation of neurological and multisystem clinical features is challenging, and is reliant on a multidisciplinary approach. The care of the child and family is dependent on clear communication between health professionals from primary, secondary, and tertiary care as well as specialist input from quaternary services. The aim of this review is to provide paediatric neurologists, paediatricians, and allied health professionals with a structured approach to the diagnosis and management of children with suspected or confirmed mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Edith Kisler
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Katrukha A, Bereznikova A, Pettersson K. New approach to standardisation of human cardiac Troponin I (cTnI). Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00365519909168335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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de Almeida SM, Faria FL, de Goes Fontes K, Buczenko GM, Berto DB, Raboni SM, Vidal LR, Nogueira MB. Quantitation of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid in infectious and non-infectious neurological diseases. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:755-61. [PMID: 19527140 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral meningitis is not easy in some cases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is essential for establishing this diagnosis. The objectives were to quantitate lactic acid (LA) concentrations in bacterial and viral meningitis, and other central nervous system (CNS) diseases in order to evaluate the diagnostic utility of CSF LA for discriminating bacterial from viral meningitis. METHODS CSF LA was measured in 139 CSF samples from seven groups: viral meningitis with classic CSF; suspicion of viral meningitis with neutrophils in CSF; bacterial meningitis; non-infectious neurological diseases; chronic meningitis; traumatic lumbar puncture (LP) and normal CSF. RESULTS CSF LA was higher in bacterial meningitis 8.7 + 5.4 mmol/L compared with viral meningitis (1.9 + 0.6) and the other groups (p < 0.0001). CSF LA in the groups with viral meningitis was not different compared to groups with non-infectious CNS diseases and chronic meningitis. The ability of CSF LA to discriminate bacterial from viral meningitis showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 97%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 94%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%. CONCLUSIONS CSF LA is a powerful test to discriminate bacterial from viral meningitis with high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. CSF LA can help in the cases with diagnostic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Monteiro de Almeida
- Virology Section, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: implications for the mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:489-94. [PMID: 19103439 PMCID: PMC3752997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of lactate, a product of extra-mitochondrial glucose metabolism, is commonly elevated in individuals with mitochondrial disorders, especially those with neuropsychiatric symptoms. We tested the hypothesis that patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia would, on average, have elevated CSF lactate concentrations compared with healthy control subjects. METHODS The CSF lactate and CSF and plasma glucose concentrations were measured with a YSI (YSI, Yellow Springs, Ohio) 2300 STAT Plus Glucose & Lactate Analyzer in 15 samples from each of three groups of subjects: bipolar I disorder patients, schizophrenic patients, and healthy control subjects. RESULTS Mean CSF lactate concentrations were significantly higher in bipolar (1.76 +/- .38) and schizophrenic subjects (1.61 +/- .31) compared with control subjects (1.31 +/- .21 mmol/L). These differences persisted after adjusting means for CSF glucose concentration, which correlated positively with CSF lactate concentration. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of increased CSF lactate concentrations in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Elevated CSF lactate indicates increased extra-mitochondrial and anaerobic glucose metabolism and is consistent with impaired mitochondrial metabolism. Measuring CSF lactate concentration might help identify bipolar and schizophrenic patients with mitochondrial dysfunction who might benefit from research to elucidate and ultimately rectify possible mitochondrial pathology underlying these disorders.
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Srivastava R, Murphy MJ, Jeffery J. Cerebrospinal fluid: the role of biochemical analysis. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2008; 69:218-21. [PMID: 18444347 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2008.69.4.28977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid may provide answers to important clinical questions. This review summarizes these questions and outlines the value and limitations of cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Srivastava
- Department of Biomechanical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY
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28
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Koenig MK. Presentation and diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders in children. Pediatr Neurol 2008; 38:305-13. [PMID: 18410845 PMCID: PMC3099432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The first disorder of mitochondrial function was described by Luft in 1959. Over the ensuing decades, multiple cases of mitochondrial dysfunction were reported, and the term "mitochondrial disorder" arose to describe any defect in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The sequence of the mitochondrial genome was elucidated in 1981 by Anderson et al., and during the next 20 years, >200 pathogenic point mutations, deletions, insertions, and rearrangements were described. Most of the original cases were adults, and the diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder in an adult patient became relatively straightforward. Adults present with well-defined "mitochondrial syndromes" and generally carry mitochondrial DNA mutations that are easily identified. Children with mitochondrial disorders are much harder to define. Children are more likely to have a nuclear DNA mutation, whereas the "classic" syndromic findings tend to be absent. This review describes both the varying presentations of mitochondrial disorders and the common laboratory, imaging, and pathologic findings related to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Koenig
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Honzik T, Wenchich L, Böhm M, Hansikova H, Pejznochova M, Zapadlo M, Plavka R, Zeman J. Activities of respiratory chain complexes and pyruvate dehydrogenase in isolated muscle mitochondria in premature neonates. Early Hum Dev 2008; 84:269-76. [PMID: 17698302 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most diseases in premature neonates are secondary to immaturity of various organ systems. Also the inadequate capacity of mitochondrial energy production may play an important role in the neonatal morbidity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The activities and amount of respiratory chain (RC) complexes, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and citrate synthase (CS) were analysed in isolated muscle mitochondria obtained at autopsy in 19 premature neonates using spectrophotometric and radioenzymatic methods and blue-native electrophoresis and Western blotting. Two groups of children recommended for muscle biopsy at the age of 0.5-2 and 3-18 years served as controls. RESULTS In premature neonates, the activities of RC complexes III, IV, PDH and CS were markedly lower in comparison with older children. On the contrary, the activity of complex I was higher in premature neonates than in older children. The ratios between RC complexes I, II and III and CS were significantly higher in premature neonates in comparison with older children. In addition, the protein amount of RC complexes and PDH subunits were lower in premature neonates in comparison with older children. CONCLUSION The results of our study document the age-dependent differences in activities of PDH and respiratory chain complexes in early childhood. Lower functional capacity of mitochondrial energy-providing system in critically ill neonates may be explained by combination of various factors including the delay in maturation of PDH and respiratory chain complexes in very premature neonates and increased degradation of mitochondrial proteins in connection with sepsis, tissue hypoperfusion or hypoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Honzik
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Riou EM, Amlie-Lefond C, Echenne B, Farmer M, Sébire G. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis and treatment of arterial ischemic stroke. Pediatr Neurol 2008; 38:1-9. [PMID: 18054685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging as a rapid and accurate way to diagnose arterial ischemic stroke, cerebrospinal fluid assessment is rarely performed, unless infectious or inflammatory processes are obvious. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of childhood stroke have implicated a growing list of discrete or occult infectious and inflammatory conditions which may involve intracranial arteries and neighboring structures. Cerebrospinal-fluid assessment may allow the detection of markers identifying processes (including infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, and traumatic) potentially involved in cerebral vasculopathy and stroke. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in arterial ischemic strokes, including apparently idiopathic strokes, may yield essential information on pathophysiology, allowing for optimal therapeutic decisions and prognostic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M Riou
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Direct sample injection for capillary electrophoretic determination of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:293-301. [PMID: 17096088 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are potential diagnostic markers for neurological diseases and metabolic disorders. A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the direct analysis, i.e., without any sample preparation, of six organic acids in CSF was developed. A capillary coating consisting of a triple layer of charged polymers (polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene) was used in combination with a negative separation voltage, providing fast and efficient analysis of acidic compounds. Separation conditions, such as background electrolyte (BGE) concentration and pH were optimized, and the influence of albumin and sodium chloride was systematically studied using a set of test compounds. With injection volumes of ca. 44 nL, plate numbers of up to ca. 150,000 were obtained with a BGE of 200 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6.0). It appeared that high sodium chloride concentrations in the sample hardly affected the peak width and shape of the organic acids, most probably due to transient isotachophoresis effects occurring in the sample zone. Adverse effects of CSF proteins, which frequently compromise the CE performance, could be effectively minimized by the triple layer coating in combination with rinses of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. Overall, the developed CE system allowed direct injections of CSF samples, yielding good separation efficiencies and stable migration times (RSDs<2%) for organic acids. Validation of the method with artificial and real CSF samples showed good linear responses (r>0.99), and LODs for the organic acids were in the range of 2-8 microg/mL when applying UV detection. RSDs for migration times and peak areas were <2% and <7%, respectively. The applicability of the CE system is shown for the determination of organic acids in CSF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
AbstractCardiac markers are measured by a number of different immunoassays using specific antibodies directed to the respective antigens. Lacking assay standardization, different results from different assays measuring the same marker may be obtained and this problem may cloud interpretations of reported data. Presently, there are no reference procedures for cardiac markers; certified reference materials should still be established and, at least for cardiac troponins, the analyte in the patients' blood is significantly different from newly synthesized protein. It is therefore clear that the problems of cardiac marker standardization will not be quickly solved. A number of projects are, however, underway under the auspices of the IFCC and other organizations. The aim of this opinion is to reflect on some concepts related to the implementation of a metrologically correct measurement system, giving practical examples on how these concepts can be applied to immunoassays measuring cardiac markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Panteghini
- Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche 1, Azienda Ospedaliera "Spedali Civili", 25125 Brescia, Italy.
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Benoist JF, Alberti C, Leclercq S, Rigal O, Jean-Louis R, Ogier de Baulny H, Porquet D, Biou D. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and pyruvate concentrations and their ratio in children: age-related reference intervals. Clin Chem 2003; 49:487-94. [PMID: 12600962 DOI: 10.1373/49.3.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate (L) and pyruvate (P) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the L/P ratio have diagnostic value in numerous primary and acquired disorders affecting the central nervous system, but age-related reference values are not available for children. METHODS We analyzed CSF and blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations and their ratio in a 4-year retrospective survey of a children's hospital laboratory database. Reference intervals (10th-90th percentiles) were established from data on 197 hospitalized children. A recent regression modeling method was used to normalize and smooth values against age. The model equation of best fit was calculated for each variable. RESULTS Slight age-related variations were shown by the model, with an increase in lactate, a decrease in pyruvate, and a resulting increase in the L/P ratio with increasing age. However, the SD did not vary with age. We defined the upper limit of the reference intervals as the 90th percentiles, which from birth to 186 months of age varied continuously from 1.78 to 1.88 mmol/L (6%), 148 to 139 micro mol/L (6%), and 16.9 to 19.2 (14%) for lactate, pyruvate, and the L/P ratio, respectively. At a threshold of 2 (in Z-score units), the sensitivity for a subgroup of inborn errors of metabolism (respiratory chain disorders) was 73%, 42%, and 31% for lactate, pyruvate, and the L/P ratio, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In children, CSF lactate and pyruvate concentrations and their ratio appear to vary slightly with age. Average 90th percentile values of 1.8 mmol/L, 147 micro mol/L, and 17, respectively, could be used in infants up to 24 months of age. In older children, age-adjusted reference intervals should be used, especially when values are close to the 90th percentile.
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Viola A, Chabrol B, Nicoli F, Confort-Gouny S, Viout P, Cozzone PJ. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of glycine pathways in nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Pediatr Res 2002; 52:292-300. [PMID: 12149509 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200208000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a life-threatening disorder in neonates characterized by a deficiency of the glycine cleavage system. We report on four cases of the neonatal form of the disease, which were investigated by in vitro(1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and in vivo(1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain. The existence of glycine disposal pathways leading to an increase in lactate in fluids and creatine in fluids and brain was demonstrated. This is the first observation of elevated creatine in brain in nonketotic hyperglycinemia. A recurrent decrease of glutamine and citrate was observed in cerebrospinal fluid, which might be related to abnormal glutamine metabolism in brain. Finally, the cerebral N-acetylaspartate to myo-inositol-glycine ratio was identified as a prognostic indicator of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Viola
- Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine CRMBM-UMR-CNRS 6612, Faculty of Medicine, Marseille, France
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Abstract
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism caused by a defect in the glycine cleavage enzyme complex (GCS). GCS is a complex of four proteins encoded on four different chromosomes. In classical neonatal NKH, levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycine and CSF/plasma glycine ratio are very high but the CSF results, in particular, may be more difficult to interpret in later-onset, milder, or otherwise atypical NKH. Enzymatic confirmation of NKH requires a liver sample. Delineation of which protein of the complex is defective is necessary to screen for mutations in the appropriate gene. Except for Finnish NKH patients, few recurrent mutations have yet been found, although analysis of the P-protein gene (the site of the defect in the majority of patients) is at an early stage. Prenatal diagnosis by GCS assay in chorionic villus biopsies is not completely reliable and will be replaced by molecular analysis in families where the mutations are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Applegarth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, V6H 3V4, British Columbia.
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Hafner G, Peetz D, Dati F, Post F, Blankenberg S, Peivandi AA, Sucké B, Rupprecht HJ, Dahm M, von Kleist R, Prellwitz W. Analytical and clinical evaluation of troponin I determination on dimension RXL-HM. Clin Chem Lab Med 2000; 38:355-61. [PMID: 10928657 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2000.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) on the Dimension RxL-HM analyzer is presented. The one-step enzyme immunoassay is based on two cTnI specific monoclonal antibodies. Performed on a separate module of the analyzer, assay-time is 17 minutes. Using as criterion a between-run impression CV <20% the functional limit of detection was set at 0.1 microg/l. Cutoff level for minor myocardial damage of 0.1 microg/l was found. In Duchenne's dystrophy, patients showed increased cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) but no increased cTnI. In patients with a history of coronary heart disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis, cTnT and cTnI were increased. In different patients with submassive pulmonary embolism, increased cTnI was determined. In coronary artery bypass surgery without perioperative myocardial infarction, patients with extracorporeal circulation showed significantly higher cTnI at 24 h after surgery than those with minimal cardiac surgery. In patients with unstable angina, increased cTnI was found more often than on Stratus analyzer. In conclusion, the new assay is a very sensitive cTnI assay, fast and easy to perform in parallel to enzyme and substrate assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hafner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Mainz, Germany.
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Morrow DA, Rifai N, Tanasijevic MJ, Wybenga DR, de Lemos JA, Antman EM. Clinical Efficacy of Three Assays for Cardiac Troponin I for Risk Stratification in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B Substudy. Clin Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/46.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Significant analytic variability exists between the multiple assays for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) approved for clinical use. Until adequate cTnI standardization is possible, an evidence-based approach evaluating each assay at specific thresholds appears warranted.Methods: We examined the efficacy of three cTnI assays for predicting death, myocardial infarction (MI), or the composite of death, MI, or urgent revascularization at 43 days among patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes enrolled in the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B study.Results: Six hundred eighty-one patients with serum samples obtained at baseline and/or 12–24 h had cTnI determined using all three assays. Baseline cTnI was ≥0.1 μg/L for 368, 395, and 418 patients with the Bayer Immuno 1TM, ACS:180®, and Dimension® RxL assays, respectively. Correlation coefficients for the RxL with the ACS:180 and Bayer Immuno 1 results were 0.89 (P = 0.0001) and 0.87 (P = 0.0001), with a coefficient of 0.92 (P = 0.0001) for the ACS:180 and Bayer Immuno 1 assays. Patients with cTnI ≥0.1 μg/L were at increased risk for death or MI by 43 days (relative risk, 2.2–3.0; P <0.0006), regardless of the assay used. This prognostic capacity persisted among those with creatine kinase MB isoenzyme concentrations within the reference interval. Moreover, cTnI was the strongest multivariate predictor of death, MI, or urgent revascularization with adjusted odds ratios of 2.1–2.9 (P <0.0006).Conclusion: This study demonstrates the prognostic efficacy of three independently developed cTnI assays at a threshold of 0.1 μg/L for the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes among patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nader Rifai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Donald R Wybenga
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James A de Lemos
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Elliott M Antman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Katrukha AG, Bereznikova AV, Filatov VL, Esakova TV, Kolosova OV, Pettersson K, Lövgren T, Bulargina TV, Trifonov IR, Gratsiansky NA, Pulkki K, Voipio-Pulkki LM, Gusev NB. Degradation of cardiac troponin I: implication for reliable immunodetection. Clin Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/44.12.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe have analyzed by different immunological methods the proteolytic degradation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in human necrotic tissue and in serum. cTnI is susceptible to proteolysis, and its degradation leads to the appearance of a wide diversity of proteolytic peptides with different stabilities. N- and C-terminal regions were rapidly cleaved by proteases, whereas the fragment located between residues 30 and 110 demonstrated substantially higher stability, possibly because of its protection by TnC. We conclude that antibodies selected for cTnI sandwich immunoassays should preferentially recognize epitopes located in the region resistant to proteolysis. Such an approach can be helpful for a much needed standardization of cTnI immunoassays and can improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of cTnI assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia V Bereznikova
- Departments of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Filatov
- Departments of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Esakova
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Medical Ecology, Simpheropolskiy bull. 8, 113149 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Kolosova
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Medical Ecology, Simpheropolskiy bull. 8, 113149 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistokatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Lövgren
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistokatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tamara V Bulargina
- Departments of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor R Trifonov
- Center for Atherosclerosis, 29th Moscow City Hospital, 119828 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kari Pulkki
- Turku University Hospital, Central Laboratory, Kiinanmyllynkaty 4–8, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Departments of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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