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Marczuk-Rojas JP, Álamo-Sierra AM, Salmerón A, Alcayde A, Isanbaev V, Carretero-Paulet L. Spatial and temporal characterization of the rich fraction of plastid DNA present in the nuclear genome of Moringa oleifera reveals unanticipated complexity in NUPTs´ formation. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:60. [PMID: 38225585 PMCID: PMC10789010 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond the massive amounts of DNA and genes transferred from the protoorganelle genome to the nucleus during the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the plastids, stretches of plastid DNA of varying size are still being copied and relocated to the nuclear genome in a process that is ongoing and does not result in the concomitant shrinking of the plastid genome. As a result, plant nuclear genomes feature small, but variable, fraction of their genomes of plastid origin, the so-called nuclear plastid DNA sequences (NUPTs). However, the mechanisms underlying the origin and fixation of NUPTs are not yet fully elucidated and research on the topic has been mostly focused on a limited number of species and of plastid DNA. RESULTS Here, we leveraged a chromosome-scale version of the genome of the orphan crop Moringa oleifera, which features the largest fraction of plastid DNA in any plant nuclear genome known so far, to gain insights into the mechanisms of origin of NUPTs. For this purpose, we examined the chromosomal distribution and arrangement of NUPTs, we explicitly modeled and tested the correlation between their age and size distribution, we characterized their sites of origin at the chloroplast genome and their sites of insertion at the nuclear one, as well as we investigated their arrangement in clusters. We found a bimodal distribution of NUPT relative ages, which implies NUPTs in moringa were formed through two separate events. Furthermore, NUPTs from every event showed markedly distinctive features, suggesting they originated through distinct mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal an unanticipated complexity of the mechanisms at the origin of NUPTs and of the evolutionary forces behind their fixation and highlight moringa species as an exceptional model to assess the impact of plastid DNA in the evolution of the architecture and function of plant nuclear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Marczuk-Rojas
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
- "Pabellón de Historia Natural-Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería" (PHN-CECOUAL), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Angélica María Álamo-Sierra
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
- "Pabellón de Historia Natural-Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería" (PHN-CECOUAL), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Antonio Salmerón
- Department of Mathematics, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Alfredo Alcayde
- Department of Engineering, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Viktor Isanbaev
- Department of Engineering, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
- "Pabellón de Historia Natural-Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería" (PHN-CECOUAL), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
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Chang J, Marczuk-Rojas JP, Waterman C, Garcia-Llanos A, Chen S, Ma X, Hulse-Kemp A, Van Deynze A, Van de Peer Y, Carretero-Paulet L. Chromosome-scale assembly of the Moringa oleifera Lam. genome uncovers polyploid history and evolution of secondary metabolism pathways through tandem duplication. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20238. [PMID: 35894687 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The African Orphan Crops Consortium (AOCC) selected the highly nutritious, fast growing and drought tolerant tree crop moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as one of the first of 101 plant species to have its genome sequenced and a first draft assembly was published in 2019. Given the extensive uses and culture of moringa, often referred to as the multipurpose tree, we generated a significantly improved new version of the genome based on long-read sequencing into 14 pseudochromosomes equivalent to n = 14 haploid chromosomes. We leveraged this nearly complete version of the moringa genome to investigate main drivers of gene family and genome evolution that may be at the origin of relevant biological innovations including agronomical favorable traits. Our results reveal that moringa has not undergone any additional whole-genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidy event beyond the gamma WGD shared by all core eudicots. Moringa duplicates retained following that ancient gamma events are also enriched for functions commonly considered as dosage balance sensitive. Furthermore, tandem duplications seem to have played a prominent role in the evolution of specific secondary metabolism pathways including those involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive glucosinolate, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds as well as of defense response pathways and might, at least partially, explain the outstanding phenotypic plasticity attributed to this species. This study provides a genetic roadmap to guide future breeding programs in moringa, especially those aimed at improving secondary metabolism related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Chang
- Dep. of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent Univ., Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Juan Pablo Marczuk-Rojas
- Dep. of Biology and Geology, Univ. of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería (CECOUAL), Univ. of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Carrie Waterman
- Dep. of Nutrition, Univ. of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Shiyu Chen
- Seed Biotechnology Center, Univ. of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Dep. of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent Univ., Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Amanda Hulse-Kemp
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Allen Van Deynze
- Seed Biotechnology Center, Univ. of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Dep. of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent Univ., Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Dep. of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Univ. of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet
- Dep. of Biology and Geology, Univ. of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería (CECOUAL), Univ. of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
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Moura BB, Brunetti C, Engela MRGDS, Hoshika Y, Paoletti E, Ferrini F. Experimental assessment of ozone risk on ecotypes of the tropical tree Moringa oleifera. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111475. [PMID: 34166663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is an oxidative air pollutant that affects plant growth. Moringa oleifera is a tree species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. This species presents high morphological plasticity, which increases its ability to tolerate stressful conditions, but with no O3 risk assessment calculated so far. The present study assessed the O3 risk to different M. oleifera ecotypes using exposure-based index (AOT40) or flux-based index (PODy - where y is a threshold of O3 uptake). PODy considers the O3 uptake through the stomata and the consequence of environmental climate conditions on stomatal conductance (gsto); thus, it is efficient in assessing O3 risk. Five M. oleifera ecotypes were subjected to ambient (Amb.); middle (Mid. X1.5), and High (x2.0) O3 concentrations for 77 days in a free-air controlled exposure facility (FACE). Leaf biomass (LB) was evaluated, and the biomass loss was projected assuming a clean atmosphere (10 ppb as 24 h O3 average). The gsto parameterization was calculated using the Jarvis-type multiplicative algorithm considering several climate factors, i.e., light intensity, air temperature, air vapor pressure deficit, and AOT40. Ozone exposure harmed the LB of all ecotypes. The high gsto (~559 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) can be considered the reason for the species' O3 sensitivity. M. oleifera is adapted to hot climate conditions, and gsto was restricted with air temperature (Tmin) below ~ 9 °C. As expected, the PODy index performed better than the AOT40 for estimating the O3 effect on biomass losses. We recommend a y threshold of 4 nmol m-2 s-1 to incorporate O3 effects on M. oleifera LB. To not exceed a 4% reduction of LB for any M. oleifera genotype, we recommend the critical levels of 1.1 mmol m-2 POD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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