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Graton ME, Spaans F, He R, Chatterjee P, Kirschenman R, Quon A, Phillips TJ, Case CP, Davidge ST. Sex-specific differences in the mechanisms for enhanced thromboxane A 2-mediated vasoconstriction in adult offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38898532 PMCID: PMC11188502 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal hypoxia, a common pregnancy complication, leads to impaired cardiovascular outcomes in the adult offspring. It results in impaired vasodilation in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the adult offspring, due to reduced nitric oxide (NO). Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a potent vasoconstrictor increased in cardiovascular diseases, but its role in the impact of prenatal hypoxia is unknown. To prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease by prenatal hypoxia, we have tested a maternal treatment using a nanoparticle-encapsulated mitochondrial antioxidant (nMitoQ). We hypothesized that prenatal hypoxia enhances vascular TxA2 responses in the adult offspring, due to decreased NO modulation, and that this might be prevented by maternal nMitoQ treatment. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intravenous injection (100 µL) of vehicle (saline) or nMitoQ (125 µmol/L) on gestational day (GD)15 and were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) from GD15 to GD21 (term = 22 days). Coronary and mesenteric arteries were isolated from the 4-month-old female and male offspring, and vasoconstriction responses to U46619 (TxA2 analog) were evaluated using wire myography. In mesenteric arteries, L-NAME (pan-NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor) was used to assess NO modulation. Mesenteric artery endothelial (e)NOS, and TxA2 receptor expression, superoxide, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Prenatal hypoxia resulted in increased U46619 responsiveness in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the female offspring, and to a lesser extent in the male offspring, which was prevented by nMitoQ. In females, there was a reduced impact of L-NAME in mesenteric arteries of the prenatal hypoxia saline-treated females, and reduced 3-nitrotyrosine levels. In males, L-NAME increased U46619 responses in mesenteric artery to a similar extent, but TxA2 receptor expression was increased by prenatal hypoxia. There were no changes in eNOS or superoxide levels. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal hypoxia increased TxA2 vasoconstrictor capacity in the adult offspring in a sex-specific manner, via reduced NO modulation in females and increased TP expression in males. Maternal placental antioxidant treatment prevented the impact of prenatal hypoxia. These findings increase our understanding of how complicated pregnancies can lead to a sex difference in the programming of cardiovascular disease in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo E Graton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Rose He
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulami Chatterjee
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tom J Phillips
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Liu Y, Yang G, Huo S, Wu J, Ren P, Cao Y, Gao J, Tong L, Min D. Lutein suppresses ferroptosis of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells via positive regulation of IRF in cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176081. [PMID: 37797674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac microvascular dysfunction contributes to cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and can progress to heart failure. Lutein is a carotenoid with various pharmacological properties, such as anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Limited research has been conducted on the effects of lutein on pressure overload-induced CH. Studies have shown that CH is accompanied by ferroptosis in the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of lutein on ferroptosis of CMECs in CH. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF) is associated with immune system function, tumor suppression, and apoptosis. The results of this study suggested that pressure overload primarily inhibits IRF expression, resulting in endothelial ferroptosis. Administration of lutein increased the expression of IRF, providing protection to endothelial cells during pressure overload. IRF silencing downregulated solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, leading to the induction of ferroptosis in CMECs. Lutein supplementation suppressed endothelial ferroptosis by upregulating IRF. These data suggest that IRF may function as a transcription factor for SLC7A11 and that lutein represses ferroptosis in CMECs by upregulating IRF expression. Therefore, targeting IRF may be a promising therapeutic strategy for effective cardioprotection in patients with CH and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Basic Nursing, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqiao Huo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingquan Gao
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, China.
| | - Liquan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China.
| | - Dongyu Min
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
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Guo Q, Zhao Z, Yang F, Zhang Z, Rao X, Cui J, Shi Q, Liu K, Zhao K, Tang H, Peng L, Ma C, Pu J, Li M. Chronic remote ischemic conditioning treatment in patients with chronic stable angina (EARLY-MYO-CSA): a randomized, controlled proof-of-concept trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:324. [PMID: 37626410 PMCID: PMC10463998 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic remote ischemic conditioning (CRIC) has been shown to improve myocardial ischemia in experimental animal studies; however, its effectiveness in patients with chronic stable angina (CSA) has not been investigated. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy and safety of a six-month CRIC treatment in patients with CSA. METHODS The EARLY-MYO-CSA trial was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial evaluating the CRIC treatment in patients with CSA with persistent angina pectoris despite receiving ≥ 3-month guideline-recommended optimal medical therapy. The CRIC and control groups received CRIC (at 200 mmHg) or sham CRIC (at 60 mmHg) intervention for 6 months, respectively. The primary endpoint was the 6-month change of myocardial flow reserve (MFR) on single-photon emission computed tomography. The secondary endpoints were changes in rest and stress myocardial blood flow (MBF), angina severity according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification, the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), and a 6-min walk test (6-MWT). RESULTS Among 220 randomized CSA patients, 208 (105 in the CRIC group, and 103 in the control group) completed the treatment and endpoint assessments. The mean change in MFR was significantly greater in the CRIC group than in the control group (0.27 ± 0.38 vs. - 0.04 ± 0.25; P < 0.001). MFR increased from 1.33 ± 0.48 at baseline to 1.61 ± 0.53 (P < 0.001) in the CRIC group; however, a similar increase was not seen in the control group (1.35 ± 0.45 at baseline and 1.31 ± 0.44 at follow-up, P = 0.757). CRIC treatment, when compared with controls, demonstrated improvements in angina symptoms assessed by CCS classification (60.0% vs. 14.6%, P < 0.001), all SAQ dimensions scores (P < 0.001), and 6-MWT distances (440 [400-523] vs. 420 [330-475] m, P = 0.016). The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS CSA patients benefit from 6-month CRIC treatment with improvements in MFR, angina symptoms, and exercise performance. This treatment is well-tolerated and can be recommended for symptom relief in this clinical population. TRIAL REGISTRATION [chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2000038649].
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Rao
- Medicine Department of Xizang, Minzu University, Xianyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingbo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Haiyu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Cao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Muwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Coronary Heart Disease of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory for Coronary Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
- Medicine Department of Xizang, Minzu University, Xianyang, Shanxi, China.
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Reventun P, Sánchez-Esteban S, Cook-Calvete A, Delgado-Marín M, Roza C, Jorquera-Ortega S, Hernandez I, Tesoro L, Botana L, Zamorano JL, Zaragoza C, Saura M. Endothelial ILK induces cardioprotection by preventing coronary microvascular dysfunction and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:28. [PMID: 37452166 PMCID: PMC10348984 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in coronary microvascular disease. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) prevents endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and, thus, endothelial dysfunction. However, the specific role of endothelial ILK in cardiac function remains to be fully elucidated. We hypothesised that endothelial ILK plays a crucial role in maintaining coronary microvascular function and contractile performance in the heart. We generated an endothelial cell-specific ILK conditional knock-out mouse (ecILK cKO) and investigated cardiovascular function. Coronary endothelial ILK deletion significantly impaired cardiac function: ejection fraction, fractional shortening and cardiac output decreased, whilst left ventricle diastolic internal diameter decreased and E/A and E/E' ratios increased, indicating not only systolic but also diastolic dysfunction. The functional data correlated with extensive extracellular matrix remodelling and perivascular fibrosis, indicative of adverse cardiac remodelling. Mice with endothelial ILK deletion suffered early ischaemic-like events with ST elevation and transient increases in cardiac troponins, which correlated with fibrotic remodelling. In addition, ecILK cKO mice exhibited many features of coronary microvascular disease: reduced cardiac perfusion, impaired coronary flow reserve and arterial remodelling with patent epicardial coronary arteries. Moreover, endothelial ILK deletion induced a moderate increase in blood pressure, but the antihypertensive drug Losartan did not affect microvascular remodelling whilst only partially ameliorated fibrotic remodelling. The plasma miRNA profile reveals endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endMT) as an upregulated pathway in endothelial ILK conditional KO mice. Our results show that endothelial cells in the microvasculature in endothelial ILK conditional KO mice underwent endMT. Moreover, endothelial cells isolated from these mice and ILK-silenced human microvascular endothelial cells underwent endMT, indicating that decreased endothelial ILK contributes directly to this endothelial phenotype shift. Our results identify ILK as a crucial regulator of microvascular endothelial homeostasis. Endothelial ILK prevents microvascular dysfunction and cardiac remodelling, contributing to the maintenance of the endothelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reventun
- Facultad Medicina, Depto. Biología Sistemas (UD Fisiología), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Mod 2 Planta 0, Ctra Madrid, Barcelona Km 33,500, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S Sánchez-Esteban
- Facultad Medicina, Depto. Biología Sistemas (UD Fisiología), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Mod 2 Planta 0, Ctra Madrid, Barcelona Km 33,500, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cook-Calvete
- Facultad Medicina, Depto. Biología Sistemas (UD Fisiología), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Mod 2 Planta 0, Ctra Madrid, Barcelona Km 33,500, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Delgado-Marín
- Facultad Medicina, Depto. Biología Sistemas (UD Fisiología), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Mod 2 Planta 0, Ctra Madrid, Barcelona Km 33,500, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Roza
- Facultad Medicina, Depto. Biología Sistemas (UD Fisiología), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Mod 2 Planta 0, Ctra Madrid, Barcelona Km 33,500, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Jorquera-Ortega
- Facultad Medicina, Depto. Biología Sistemas (UD Fisiología), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Mod 2 Planta 0, Ctra Madrid, Barcelona Km 33,500, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Hernandez
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, IRYCIS, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Tesoro
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, IRYCIS, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Botana
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, IRYCIS, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Zamorano
- Servicio Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Zaragoza
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, IRYCIS, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Saura
- Facultad Medicina, Depto. Biología Sistemas (UD Fisiología), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Mod 2 Planta 0, Ctra Madrid, Barcelona Km 33,500, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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Wang X, Guo R, Guo Y, Guo Q, Yan Y, Gong W, Zheng W, Wang H, Xu L, Ai H, Que B, Yan X, Ma X, Nie S. Rationale and design of the RESTORE trial: A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of Shenfu injection on myocardial injury in STEMI patients after primary PCI. Am Heart J 2023; 260:9-17. [PMID: 36822255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains substantial in the reperfusion era. Shenfu injection, as a traditional Chinese herbal formula, can alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple pharmacologic effects. However, no robust data are available regarding the role of Shenfu injection in reducing infarct size for patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). METHODS/DESIGN This RESTORE trial is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial (NCT04493840). A total of 326 eligible patients with first-time anterior STEMI undergoing PPCI within 12 h of symptom onset will be enrolled from 10 centers in mainland China. Patients are randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive either intravenous Shenfu injection (80mL Shenfu injection + 70mL 5% glucose injection) or placebo group (150mL 5% glucose injection) before reperfusion and followed by once a day until 5 days after PPCI. The primary end point is infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging 5±2 days after PPCI. The major secondary end points include enzymatic infarct size, microvascular obstruction, intramyocardial hemorrhage, left ventricular volume and ejection fraction assessed by CMR, as well as cardiovascular events at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS The RESTORE trial is sufficiently powered to demonstrate the clinical effects of Shenfu injection on myocardial injury in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI in the contemporary era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ai
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Que
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Rong W, Li J, Wang L, Luo S, Liang T, Qian X, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Zhu Y, Zhu Q. Investigation of the protective mechanism of leonurine against acute myocardial ischemia by an integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology strategy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:969553. [PMID: 36072867 PMCID: PMC9441747 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.969553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leonurus japonicus Houtt has an obvious efficacy on cardiovascular diseases. As the most representative component in the herb, leonurine has attracted increasing attention for its potential in myocardial ischemia. However, its protective mechanism against myocardial ischemia remains incompletely elucidated. Objectives The present study aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of leonurine in acute myocardial ischemia using a strategy combining metabolomics and network pharmacology. Methods First, a metabolomics method was proposed to identify the differential metabolites of plasma in rats. Then, network pharmacology was performed to screen candidate targets of leonurine against acute myocardial ischemia. A compound-reaction-enzyme-gene network was thus constructed with the differential metabolites and targets. Finally, molecular docking was carried out to predict the binding capability of leonurine with key targets. Results A total of 32 differential metabolites were identified in rat plasma, and 16 hub genes were detected through network pharmacology. According to the results of compound-reaction-enzyme-gene network and molecular docking, what was screened included six key targets (GSR, CYP2C9, BCHE, GSTP1, TGM2, and PLA2G2A) and seven differential metabolites (glycerylphosphorylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, choline phosphate, linoleic acid, 13-HpODE, tryptophan and glutamate) with four important metabolic pathways involved: glycerophospholopid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and glutamate metabolism. Among them, glycerophospholipid and tryptophan metabolism were shown to be important, since the regulation of leonurine on these two pathways was also observed in our previous metabolomics study conducted on clinical hyperlipidemia patients. Conclusion This is the first study of its kind to reveal the underlying mechanism of leonurine against acute myocardial ischemia through a strategy combining metabolomics and network pharmacology, which provides a valuable reference for the research on its future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Jiejia Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory for the Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tulu Liang
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xunjia Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Qinbei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory for the Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yizhun Zhu
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu
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Sharma K, Champaneri B, Patel I, Thangasami S, Tated S, Jha SN. Do collaterals visualized on coronary angiography impact left ventricle ejection fraction among Asian Indians presenting with acute coronary syndrome?-The Deucalion Study. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2021; 30:567-572. [PMID: 34730014 DOI: 10.1177/02184923211038463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronary collaterals have been ascribed as a potential alternative source of myocardial perfusion to the extent that some suggest it as a "natural bypass"! We proposed to evaluate the impact of the extent of collaterals on left ventricle ejection fraction among Asian Indians presenting with acute coronary syndrome. METHODS This was a retrospective, all-comers study performed on consecutive 3614 patients presenting with the acute coronary syndrome. Angiograms were evaluated for collaterals graded according to Rentrop's classification among group A (grades 0 and 1) and group B (grades 2 and 3) collaterals. RESULTS Patients were matched for traditional cardiovascular risk factors in groups A and B as well as for ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction subgroups in both the groups. Grades 2 and 3 collaterals were significantly (P = 0.04) higher in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction-266/1319 (20.17%), as compared to ST elevation myocardial infarction-group 400/2295 (17.43%). Left ventricle ejection fraction on presentation was better preserved in group A as compared to group B in those with double-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, whereas it was better in single-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. The inverse correlation (r = -0.111, P = 0.000) existed between left ventricle ejection fraction and grades of collaterals. CONCLUSION Patients with the single-vessel disease were more likely to have poor coronary collateral as compared to double-vessel disease/triple-vessel disease. Despite higher grade coronary collateral among Asian Indians presenting with acute coronary syndrome, both non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and ST elevation myocardial infarction patients with triple-vessel disease had significantly lower left ventricle ejection fraction. This paradoxically brings out worse left ventricle ejection fraction on presentation in those with double-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease with ST elevation myocardial infarction and single-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease with ST elevation myocardial infarction despite higher grade of coronary collateral representing as "Asian Indian Paradox" in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, 161213UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavik Champaneri
- Department of Cardiology, 161213UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Iva Patel
- Department of Research, 161213UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Senthilraj Thangasami
- Department of Cardiology, 161213UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Suyash Tated
- Department of Cardiology, 161213UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shobha Nand Jha
- Department of Cardiology, 161213UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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8
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Park BE, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Kim HN, Jang SY, Bae MH, Yang DH, Park HS, Cho Y, Chae SC. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and coronary collateral formation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Vessels 2021; 36:1775-1783. [PMID: 34047816 PMCID: PMC8556172 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is insufficient information on the relationship between the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and collateral circulation (CC) formation after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We analyzed 857 patients who underwent primary PCI. The serum NT-proBNP levels were measured on the day of admission, and the CC was scored according to Rentrop’s classification. Log-transformed NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in patients with good CC compared to those with poor CC (6.13 ± 2.01 pg/mL versus 5.48 ± 1.97 pg/mL, p < 0.001). The optimum cutoff value of log NT-proBNP for predicting CC was 6.04 pg/mL. Log NT-proBNP ≥ 6.04 pg/mL (odds ratio 2.23; 95% confidence interval 1.51–3.30; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of good CC. CC development was higher in patients with a pre-TIMI flow of 0 or 1 than those with a pre-TIMI flow of 2 or 3 (22.6% versus 8.8%, p = 0.001). The incidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (< 50%) was greater in patients with a pre-TIMI flow of 0 or 1 (49.8% versus 35.5%, p < 0.001). The release of NT-proBNP was greater in patients with LV dysfunction (34.3% versus 15.6%, p < 0.001). The incidence of good CC was greater in patients with log NT-proBNP levels ≥ 6.04 pg/ml (16.8% versus 26.2%, p = 0.003). The association between NT-proBNP and collateral formation was not influenced by pre-TIMI flow and LV function. NT-proBNP appears to reflect the degree of collateral formation in the early phase of STEMI and might have a new role as a useful surrogate biomarker for collateral formation in patients undergoing primary PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Heon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkeun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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9
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Bellis A, Mauro C, Barbato E, Di Gioia G, Sorriento D, Trimarco B, Morisco C. The Rationale of Neprilysin Inhibition in Prevention of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury during ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092134. [PMID: 32967374 PMCID: PMC7565478 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last three decades, timely myocardial reperfusion using either thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) has allowed amazing improvements in outcomes with a more than halving in 1-year ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mortality. However, mortality and left ventricle (LV) remodeling remain substantial in these patients. As such, novel therapeutic interventions are required to reduce myocardial infarction size, preserve LV systolic function, and improve survival in reperfused-STEMI patients. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) prevention represents the main goal to reach in order to reduce STEMI mortality. There is currently no effective therapy for MIRI prevention in STEMI patients. A significant reason for the weak and inconsistent results obtained in this field may be the presence of multiple, partially redundant, mechanisms of cell death during ischemia-reperfusion, whose relative importance may depend on the conditions. Therefore, it is always more recognized that it is important to consider a "multi-targeted cardioprotective therapy", defined as an additive or synergistic cardioprotective agents or interventions directed to distinct targets with different timing of application (before, during, or after pPCI). Given that some neprilysin (NEP) substrates (natriuretic peptides, angiotensin II, bradykinin, apelins, substance P, and adrenomedullin) exert a cardioprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury, it is conceivable that antagonism of proteolytic activity by this enzyme may be considered in a multi-targeted strategy for MIRI prevention. In this review, by starting from main pathophysiological mechanisms promoting MIRI, we discuss cardioprotective effects of NEP substrates and the potential benefit of NEP pharmacological inhibition in MIRI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università FEDERICO II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (E.B.); (G.D.G.); (D.S.); (B.T.)
- Unità Operativa Complessa Cardiologia con UTIC ed Emodinamica—Dipartimento Emergenza Accettazione, Azienda Ospedaliera “Antonio Cardarelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Unità Operativa Complessa Cardiologia con UTIC ed Emodinamica—Dipartimento Emergenza Accettazione, Azienda Ospedaliera “Antonio Cardarelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università FEDERICO II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (E.B.); (G.D.G.); (D.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università FEDERICO II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (E.B.); (G.D.G.); (D.S.); (B.T.)
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Montevergine Clinic, 83013 Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università FEDERICO II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (E.B.); (G.D.G.); (D.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università FEDERICO II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (E.B.); (G.D.G.); (D.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università FEDERICO II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (E.B.); (G.D.G.); (D.S.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-2253; Fax: +39-081-746-2256
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10
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NAD + administration decreases microvascular damage following cardiac ischemia/reperfusion by restoring autophagic flux. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:57. [PMID: 32778948 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular damage is a key pathological change in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using a rat model of myocardial I/R, our current study has provided the first evidence that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) administration can significantly attenuate myocardial I/R-induced microvascular damage, including reduced regional blood perfusion, decreased microvessel density and integrity, and coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) injury. In studies with primary cultured CMECs under hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) and a rat model of I/R, our results suggested that the protective effect of NAD+ on CMECs exposed to HR or I/R is at least partially mediated by the NAD+-induced restoration of autophagic flux, especially lysosomal autophagy: NAD+ treatment markedly induced transcription factor EB (TFEB) activation and attenuated lysosomal dysfunction in the I/R or HR-exposed cells. Collectively, our study has provided the first in vivo and in vitro evidence that NAD+ significantly rescued the impaired autophagic flux and cell apoptosis that was induced by I/R in rat CMECs, which is mediated in part through the action of TFEB-mediated lysosomal autophagy.
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11
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Wei P, Zong B, Liu X, Zhang M, Yang C, Wang H, Fu Q, Wang L, Cao B. The Relationship Between the Level of Serum ESM-1 and Lp-PLA2 in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:179-183. [PMID: 32710501 PMCID: PMC7877821 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most lethal coronary heart disease with vascular endothelium dysfunction and inflammation in the disease development process. Endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (ESM‐1) and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) are important for the diagnosis and characterization of STEMI. To date, no studies have reported the correlation between ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 levels in patients with STEMI, which may be an important predictor of the fatal disease. To measure the level of serum ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2, and to evaluate the relationship and the clinical significance of these two biomarkers in patients with acute STEMI, 37 inpatients with acute STEMI were sequentially enrolled in the research group and 24 study objects with normal coronary artery function were included in the control group. The measurement of the relative parameters was done by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using blood samples taken from the median cubital vein while the inpatients were enrolled. The levels of serum SEM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 were significantly higher in patients with acute STEMI than in study objects with normal coronary artery function (P < 0.05). A significant correlation of serum SEM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 was observed, leading to close linearity (r2 = 0.8131, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the endothelium dysfunction factor ESM‐1 and inflammatory factor Lp‐PLA2 are significantly higher and correlated in patients with acute STEMI. These two factors could be novel and effective biomarkers for acute STEMI diagnosis and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The XuZhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The XuZhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuekui Liu
- Experimental Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The XuZhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The XuZhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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12
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Abstract
Despite the increasing use and success of interventional coronary reperfusion strategies, morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction are still substantial. Myocardial infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis in these patients. Therefore, cardioprotective strategies aim to reduce infarct size. However, a perplexing gap exists between the many preclinical studies reporting infarct size reduction with mechanical and pharmacological interventions and the poor translation into better clinical outcomes in patients. This Review revisits the pathophysiology of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury, including the role of autophagy and forms of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. Other cellular compartments in addition to cardiomyocytes are addressed, notably the coronary microcirculation. Preclinical and clinical research developments in mechanical and pharmacological approaches to induce cardioprotection, and their signal transduction pathways, are discussed. Additive cardioprotective interventions are advocated. For clinical translation into treatments for patients with acute myocardial infarction, who typically are of advanced age, have comorbidities and are receiving several medications, not only infarct size reduction but also attenuation of coronary microvascular obstruction, as well as longer-term targets including infarct repair and reverse remodelling, must be considered to improve patient outcomes. Future clinical trials must focus on patients who really need adjunct cardioprotection, that is, those with severe haemodynamic alterations.
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13
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Báez-Díaz C, Blanco-Blázquez V, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Bayes-Genis A, González I, Abad A, Steendam R, Franssen O, Palacios I, Sánchez B, Gálvez-Montón C, Crisóstomo V. Microencapsulated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 therapy improves cardiac function and reduces fibrosis in a porcine acute myocardial infarction model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7166. [PMID: 32346015 PMCID: PMC7188803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has demonstrated beneficial effects after myocardial infarction (MI). Microencapsulation of IGF-1 could potentially improve results. We aimed to test the effect of an intracoronary (IC) infusion of microencapsulated IGF-1 in a swine acute MI model. For that purpose IC injection of a 10 ml solution of 5 × 106 IGF-1 loaded microspheres (MSPs) (n = 8, IGF-1 MSPs), 5 × 106 unloaded MSPs (n = 9; MSPs) or saline (n = 7; CON) was performed 48 hours post-MI. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), indexed ventricular volumes and infarct size (IS) were determined by cardiac magnetic resonance at pre-injection and 10 weeks. Animals were euthanized at 10 weeks, and myocardial fibrosis and vascular density were analysed. End-study LVEF was significantly greater in IGF-1 MSPs compared to MSPs and CON, while ventricular volumes exhibited no significant differences between groups. IS decreased over time in all groups. Collagen volume fraction on the infarct area was significantly reduced in IGF-1 MSPs compared to CON and MSPs. Vascular density analysis of infarct and border zones showed no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, the IC injection of 5 × 106 IGF-1 loaded MSPs in a porcine acute MI model successfully improves cardiac function and limits myocardial fibrosis, which could be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Báez-Díaz
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Programme, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene González
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana Abad
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rob Steendam
- Innocore Pharmaceuticals, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Programme, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Crisóstomo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Aslan G, Atessahin A, Sahna E. The inhibition of apoptosis through myocardial postconditioning by affecting Fas/FasIg signaling through miR139-3p and miR181a-1. J Card Surg 2020; 35:564-570. [PMID: 31945231 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Ischemic postconditioning (PostC) is considered to be one of the strongest mechanisms limiting the extent of myocardial infarction, and reducing ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R-induced myocardial injury results in apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of the necrotic gene cytochrome b-245 beta chain (Cybb); Cybb-related microRNA miR139-3p; the autophagy gene Beclin-1 (Becn1); proapoptotic genes Fas, Faslg and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (Gadd45a); and apoptosis-related microRNA miR181a-1 levels on I/R injury, as well as, the potential protective effects of PostC through this gene and microRNAs. METHODS The left main coronary artery was subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 120 minutes. PostC involved three cycles of I/R, each lasting 10 seconds. Gene and microRNA levels were analyzed using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Although an increase was observed in the expression levels of the Cybb, Fas, Faslg and Gadd45a genes, the miR139-3p, miR181a-1, and Becn1 expression levels were found to decrease with I/R injury. PostC was determined to restore the expression of all the genes to the normal levels. CONCLUSIONS The abovementioned genes can be used as important prognostic markers in the diagnosis of reperfusion injury and in the evaluation of treatment efficacy. It was further noted that increased expression of CYBB, which is one of the target genes for miR139-3p, and a decreased expression of miR181a-1 may cause apoptosis by affecting Fas and Faslg signaling. PostC can inhibit apoptosis by increasing miR139-3p and miR181a-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnur Aslan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Atessahin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Engin Sahna
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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15
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Billah M, Ridiandries A, Rayner BS, Allahwala UK, Dona A, Khachigian LM, Bhindi R. Egr-1 functions as a master switch regulator of remote ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 115:3. [PMID: 31823016 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved treatment options myocardial infarction (MI) is still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a mechanistic process that reduces myocardial infarction size and protects against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. The zinc finger transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is integral to the biological response to I/R, as its upregulation mediates the increased expression of inflammatory and prothrombotic processes. We aimed to determine the association and/or role of Egr-1 expression with the molecular mechanisms controlling the cardioprotective effects of RIPC. This study used H9C2 cells in vitro and a rat model of cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. We silenced Egr-1 with DNAzyme (ED5) in vitro and in vivo, before three cycles of RIPC consisting of alternating 5 min hypoxia and normoxia in cells or hind-limb ligation and release in the rat, followed by hypoxic challenge in vitro and I/R injury in vivo. Post-procedure, ED5 administration led to a significant increase in infarct size compared to controls (65.90 ± 2.38% vs. 41.00 ± 2.83%, p < 0.0001) following administration prior to RIPC in vivo, concurrent with decreased plasma IL-6 levels (118.30 ± 4.30 pg/ml vs. 130.50 ± 1.29 pg/ml, p < 0.05), downregulation of the cardioprotective JAK-STAT pathway, and elevated myocardial endothelial dysfunction. In vitro, ED5 administration abrogated IL-6 mRNA expression in H9C2 cells subjected to RIPC (0.95 ± 0.20 vs. 6.08 ± 1.40-fold relative to the control group, p < 0.05), resulting in increase in apoptosis (4.76 ± 0.70% vs. 2.23 ± 0.34%, p < 0.05) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (0.57 ± 0.11% vs. 1.0 ± 0.14%-fold relative to control, p < 0.05) in recipient cells receiving preconditioned media from the DNAzyme treated donor cells. This study suggests that Egr-1 functions as a master regulator of remote preconditioning inducing a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury through IL-6-dependent JAK-STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Billah
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Level 12, Royal North Shore Hospital, Cnr Reserve Rd and Westbourne, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - A Ridiandries
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Level 12, Royal North Shore Hospital, Cnr Reserve Rd and Westbourne, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - B S Rayner
- Inflammation Group, Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - U K Allahwala
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Level 12, Royal North Shore Hospital, Cnr Reserve Rd and Westbourne, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - A Dona
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Level 12, Royal North Shore Hospital, Cnr Reserve Rd and Westbourne, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - L M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Bhindi
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Level 12, Royal North Shore Hospital, Cnr Reserve Rd and Westbourne, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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16
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Heusch G. Coronary microvascular obstruction: the new frontier in cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Remote Ischemic and Anesthetic Organ Conditioning. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090403. [PMID: 31527528 PMCID: PMC6770180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoprotective effects of the heme oxygenase (HO) pathway are widely acknowledged. These effects are mainly mediated by degradation of free, pro-oxidant heme and the generation of carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin. The underlying mechanisms of protection include anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties. Upregulation of the inducible isoform HO-1 under stress conditions plays a crucial role in preventing or reducing cell damage. Therefore, modulation of the HO-1 system might provide an efficient strategy for organ protection. Pharmacological agents investigated in the context of organ conditioning include clinically used anesthetics and sedatives. A review from Hoetzel and Schmidt from 2010 nicely summarized the effects of anesthetics on HO-1 expression and their role in disease models. They concluded that HO-1 upregulation by anesthetics might prevent or at least reduce organ injury due to harmful stimuli. Due to its clinical safety, anesthetic conditioning might represent an attractive pharmacological tool for HO-1 modulation in patients. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), first described in 1993, represents a similar secure option to induce organ protection, especially in its non-invasive form. The efficacy of RIC has been intensively studied herein, including on patients. Studies on the role of RIC in influencing HO-1 expression to induce organ protection are emerging. In the first part of this review, recently published pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the effects of anesthetics on HO-1 expression patterns, the underlying signaling pathways mediating modulation and its causative role in organ protection are summarized. The second part of this review sums up the effects of RIC.
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Differential effects of ischemia/reperfusion on endothelial function and contractility in donation after circulatory death. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019; 38:767-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Garcia R, Bouleti C, Sirol M, Logeart D, Monnot C, Ardidie-Robouant C, Caligiuri G, Mercadier JJ, Germain S. VEGF-A plasma levels are associated with microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2019; 291:19-24. [PMID: 30910283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is associated with poor outcome after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a vascular permeability inducer playing a key role in MVO pathogenesis. We aimed to assess whether VEGF-A levels are associated with MVO, when evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in STEMI patients. METHODS The multicenter prospective PREGICA study included a CMR substudy with all consecutive patients with a first STEMI who had undergone cardiac MRI at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Patients with initial TIMI flow >1 were excluded. VEGF-A levels were measured in blood samples drawn at inclusion. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2017, 147 patients (mean age 57 ± 10 years; 84% males) were included. MVO was present in 65 (44%) patients. After multivariate analysis, higher troponin peak (OR 1.005; 95% CI 1.001-1.008; p = 0.007) and VEGF-A levels (OR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001-1.005; p = 0.015) were independently associated with MVO. When considering only patients with successful percutaneous coronary intervention (final TIMI flow 3, n = 130), higher troponin peak (p = 0.004) and VEGF-A levels (p = 0.03) remained independently predictive of MVO. Moreover, MVO was associated with adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and VEGF-A levels were significantly and inversely correlated with LV ejection fraction (EF) at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Our results show that VEGF-A levels were independently associated with MVO during STEMI and correlated with mid-term LVEF alteration. VEGF-A could therefore be considered as a biomarker of MVO in STEMI patients and be used to stratify patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Garcia
- CHU Poitiers, Service de Cardiologie, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Claire Bouleti
- Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Cardiology Department, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris, Paris Diderot University, DHU Fire, France
| | - Marc Sirol
- Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, INSERM U1018, Team 5 Université Paris Sud-Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, CESP (Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health EpReC Team, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology), France
| | - Damien Logeart
- Hopital Lariboisière, HEGP 2 rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Monnot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Corinne Ardidie-Robouant
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris F-75005, France
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Mercadier
- Signalisation and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris F-75005, France.
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Moscarelli M, Terrasini N, Nunziata A, Punjabi P, Angelini G, Solinas M, Buselli A, Sarto PD, Haxhiademi D. A Trial of Two Anesthetic Regimes for Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:2562-2569. [PMID: 29459111 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive mitral valve repair may be associated with prolonged cardioplegic arrest times and ischemic reperfusion injury. Intravenous (propofol) and volatile (sevoflurane) anesthesia are used routinely during cardiac surgery and are thought to provide cardioprotection; however, the individual contribution of each regimen to cardioprotection is unknown. Therefore, the authors sought to compare the cardioprotective effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve repair. DESIGN A single-center single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING A specialized regional cardiac surgery center in Italy. PARTICIPANTS The study enrolled 62 adults undergoing elective isolated minimally invasive mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. Exclusion criteria included secondary mitral regurgitation, previously treated coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure requiring dialysis, atrial fibrillation, and documented allergy to either propofol or sevoflurane. INTERVENTIONS All patients received video-assisted minimally invasive right minithoracotomy. Patients were randomized to receive propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia in a 1:1 ratio. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cardiac troponin I release was measured over the first 72 hours postoperatively. Operative, cross-clamp, and total bypass times were similar between groups. Cardiac troponin I release was reduced nonsignificantly in the propofol group (p = 0.62), and peak troponin I release was correlated with cross-clamp time in both groups. There were no differences in terms of intraoperative lactate release and blood pH between groups. CONCLUSION Propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia were associated with similar degrees of myocardial injury, indicating comparable cardioprotection. Myocardial injury was related directly to the duration of cardioplegic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Terrasini
- Operative Unit of Anesthesiology, G. Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Massa, Italy
| | - Anna Nunziata
- Operative Unit of Anesthesiology, G. Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Massa, Italy
| | - Prakash Punjabi
- Imperial College of London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gianni Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Marco Solinas
- Operative Unit of Cardiac Surgery, G. Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Massa, Italy
| | - Alba Buselli
- Perfusion Department, G. Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Massa, Italy
| | - Paolo Del Sarto
- Operative Unit of Anesthesiology, G. Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Massa, Italy
| | - Dorela Haxhiademi
- Operative Unit of Anesthesiology, G. Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Massa, Italy
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Hausenloy DJ, Botker HE, Engstrom T, Erlinge D, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Kloner RA, Ovize M, Yellon DM, Garcia-Dorado D. Targeting reperfusion injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: trials and tribulations. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:935-941. [PMID: 27118196 PMCID: PMC5381598 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Hans Erik Botker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrom
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France.,UMR 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Deng Y, Chen G, Zhou R, Wu W, You Z, Meng W, Yang L, Qiu Y, Liu J, Li T. Direct evidence that hypoxia triggers the cardioprotective response of ischemic preconditioning in a dog double-circuit cardiopulmonary bypass model. Life Sci 2018; 209:395-402. [PMID: 30130539 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It has been widely accepted that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) exhibits a promising and reproducible cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the actual trigger that amplifies the molecular signaling and protects I/R heart is still unclear. MAIN METHODS To separate the factors involved in IPC, we established a dog double-circuit cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model, which consists of a systemic circuit and a coronary circuit. Forty-two male adult beagle dogs were randomly allocated into 7 groups: sham, I/R, IPC, hypoxia preconditioning (HPC), accumulated metabolite preconditioning (MPC), oxygenated or deoxygenated erythrocytes preconditioning (OxyEPC and DeoxyEPC). After pretreatment, dogs were subjected to 2 h-cardiac arrest and 2 h-reperfusion. KEY FINDINGS There were no differences in the cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters at baseline among groups. Like IPC, the hypoxia-related pretreatments HPC and DeoxyEPC improved post-arrest left ventricular systolic/diastolic performance and reduced pulmonary vascular resistance. The cardiac oxygen (O2) utilization was also greatly elevated in these hypoxia-related pretreatment groups, as evidenced by increased cardiac O2 consumption (VO2) and O2 extraction index (O2EI) and suppressed lactate level. Besides, we did not observe improvement of these parameters in the MPC and OxyEPC groups. Further study indicated that these hypoxia-related pretreatments were associated with the attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines release and the elevation of complex I-supported mitochondrial respiration. SIGNIFICANCE With a dog double-circuit CPB model, we demonstrated that hypoxia is the actual trigger to initiate the cardioprotective effect of IPC in vivo, which was related to reduced cardiac inflammation and ameliorated complex-I supported mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronghua Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen You
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Qiu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
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Masci PG, Pavon AG, Muller O, Iglesias JF, Vincenti G, Monney P, Harbaoui B, Eeckhout E, Schwitter J. Relationship between CMR-derived parameters of ischemia/reperfusion injury and the timing of CMR after reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:50. [PMID: 30037343 PMCID: PMC6055335 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the influence of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) timing after reperfusion on CMR-derived parameters of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS The study included 163 reperfused STEMI patients undergoing CMR during the index hospitalization. Patients were divided according to the time between revascularization and CMR (Trevasc-CMR: Tertile-1 ≤ 43; 43 < Tertile-2 ≤ 93; Tertile-3 > 93 h). T2-mapping derived area-at-risk (AAR) and intramyocardial-hemorrhage (IMH), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)-derived infarct size (IS) and microvascular obstruction (MVO) were quantified. T1-mapping was performed before and > 15 min after Gd-based contrast-agent administration yielding extracellular volume (ECV) of infarct. RESULTS Main factors influencing I/R injury were homogenously balanced across Trevasc-CMR tertiles. T2 values of infarct and remote regions increased with increasing Trevasc-CMR tertiles (infarct: 60.0 ± 4.9 vs 63.5 ± 5.6 vs 64.8 ± 7.5 ms; P < 0.001; remote: 44.3 ± 2.8 vs 46.1 ± 2.8 vs ± 46.1 ± 3.0; P = 0.001). However, T2 value of infarct largely and significantly exceeded that of remote myocardium in each tertile yielding comparable T2-mapping-derived AAR extent throughout Trevasc-CMR tertiles (17 ± 9% vs 19 ± 9% vs 18 ± 8% of LV, respectively, P = 0.385). Similarly, T2-mapping-based IMH detection and quantification were independent of Trevasc-CMR. LGE-derived IS and MVO were not influenced by Trevasc-CMR (IS: 12 ± 9% vs 12 ± 9% vs 14 ± 9% of LV, respectively, P = 0.646). In 68 patients without MVO, T1-mapping based ECV of infarct region was comparable across Trevasc-CMR tertiles (P = 0.470). CONCLUSION In STEMI patients, T2 values of infarct and remote myocardium increase with increasing CMR time after revascularization. However, these changes do not give rise to substantial variation of T2-mapping-derived AAR size nor of other CMR-based parameters of I/R. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN03522116 . Registered 30.4.2018 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Giorgio Masci
- Centre of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Lausanne-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
| | - Anna Giulia Pavon
- Centre of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Lausanne-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, San Raffaele’s Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Muller
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
| | - Juan-Fernando Iglesias
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Vincenti
- Centre of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Lausanne-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
| | - Pierre Monney
- Centre of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Lausanne-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
| | - Brahim Harbaoui
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
| | - Eric Eeckhout
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
| | - Juerg Schwitter
- Centre of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Lausanne-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardiology Division, Heart & Vessels Department, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, BH-09-792 Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud Switzerland
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Parviz Y, Waleed M, Vijayan S, Adlam D, Lavi S, Al Nooryani A, Iqbal J, Stone GW. Cellular and molecular approaches to enhance myocardial recovery after myocardial infarction. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2018; 20:351-364. [PMID: 29958820 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy has resulted in significant improvement in post-myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality in over the last 4 decades. Nonetheless, it is well recognized that simply restoring patency of the epicardial artery may not stop or reverse damage at microvascular level, and myocardial salvage is often suboptimal. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying extensive myonecrosis to facilitate the discovery of therapies to provide additional and incremental benefits over current therapeutic pathways. To date, conclusively effective strategies to promote myocardial recovery have not yet been established. Novel approaches are investigating the foundational cellular and molecular bases of myocardial ischemia and irreversible injury. Herein, we review the emerging concepts and proposed therapies that may improve myocardial protection and reduce infarct size. We examine the preclinical and clinical evidence for reduced infarct size with these strategies, including anti-inflammatory agents, intracellular ion channel modulators, agents affecting the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and nitric oxide signaling pathways, modulators of mitochondrial function, anti-apoptotic agents, and stem cell and gene therapy. We review the potential reasons of failures to date and the potential for new strategies to further promote myocardial recovery and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Parviz
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Centre and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | - David Adlam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, UK
| | - Shahar Lavi
- Division of Cardiology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Javaid Iqbal
- South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gregg W Stone
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Centre and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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Heusch G, Gersh BJ. The pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction and strategies of protection beyond reperfusion: a continual challenge. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:774-784. [PMID: 27354052 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has decreased over the last two decades in developed countries, but mortality from STEMI despite widespread access to reperfusion therapy is still substantial as is the development of heart failure, particularly among an expanding older population. In developing countries, the incidence of STEMI is increasing and interventional reperfusion is often not available. We here review the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion, notably the temporal and spatial evolution of ischaemic and reperfusion injury, the different modes of cell death, and the resulting coronary microvascular dysfunction. We then go on to briefly characterize the cardioprotective phenomena of ischaemic preconditioning, ischaemic postconditioning, and remote ischaemic conditioning and their underlying signal transduction pathways. We discuss in detail the attempts to translate conditioning strategies and drug therapy into the clinical setting. Most attempts have failed so far to reduce infarct size and improve clinical outcomes in STEMI patients, and we discuss potential reasons for such failure. Currently, it appears that remote ischaemic conditioning and a few drugs (atrial natriuretic peptide, exenatide, metoprolol, and esmolol) reduce infarct size, but studies with clinical outcome as primary endpoint are still underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Coronary microembolization and microvascular dysfunction. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:17-23. [PMID: 29429637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plaque erosion, fissuring or rupture occurs spontaneously or during coronary interventions. At some residual blood flow, the atherothrombotic debris is washed into the coronary microcirculation, causing physical obstruction, vasoconstriction, inflammation and ultimately microinfarction. Coronary microembolization also contributes to microvascular obstruction in reperfused acute myocardial infarction. Patients with microvascular obstruction after reperfused myocardial infarction have worse prognosis. Cardioprotective strategies to avoid acute coronary microembolization and rescue myocardium from microvascular obstruction have not yet been established in clinical practice. Subclinical coronary microembolization together with release of thrombogenic, vasoconstrictor and inflammatory substances from a culprit lesion can sensitize the coronary microcirculation and contribute to angina in the absence of major epicardial coronary obstruction. Repetitive coronary microembolization can induce progressive loss of functional cardiomyocytes and induce heart failure in the absence of overt myocardial infarction.
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Acute and long-term cardioprotective effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicine MLC901 against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14701. [PMID: 29089640 PMCID: PMC5665902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MLC901, a traditional Chinese medicine containing a cocktail of active molecules, both reduces cerebral infarction and improves recovery in patients with ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and long-term benefits of MLC901 in ischemic and reperfused mouse hearts. Ex vivo, under physiological conditions, MLC901 did not show any modification in heart rate and contraction amplitude. However, upon an ischemic insult, MLC901 administration during reperfusion, improved coronary flow in perfused hearts. In vivo, MLC901 (4 µg/kg) intravenous injection 5 minutes before reperfusion provided a decrease in both infarct size (49.8%) and apoptosis (49.9%) after 1 hour of reperfusion. Akt and ERK1/2 survival pathways were significantly activated in the myocardium of those mice. In the 4-month clinical follow-up upon an additional continuous per os administration, MLC901 treatment decreased cardiac injury as revealed by a 45%-decrease in cTnI plasmatic concentrations and an improved cardiac performance assessed by echocardiography. A histological analysis revealed a 64%-decreased residual scar fibrosis and a 44%-increased vascular density in the infarct region. This paper demonstrates that MLC901 treatment was able to provide acute and long-term cardioprotective effects in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo.
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Bliksøen M, Rutkovskiy A, Vaage J, Stensløkken KO. Mode of perfusion influences infarct size, coronary flow and stress kinases in the isolated mouse heart. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:36-46. [PMID: 27543941 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The isolated, retrogradely perfused heart (modified Langendorff model) is a widely used method in experimental heart research. The presence of an intraventricular balloon is necessary to get functional measurements. We have previously shown that the balloon induces phosphorylation of some suggested cardioprotective mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK): P38-MAPK, ERK 1/2 and JNK. We hypothesized that the balloon could influence cardioprotection, protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury and interfere with coronary flow. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated mouse hearts were perfused for 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 min with a balloon in the left ventricle. We found a wavelike phosphorylation of all MAPK while AKT displayed a gradual dephosphorylation when compared to non-perfused hearts. Hearts were subjected to 20 min of stabilization with or without the balloon, followed by 35 min of ischaemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Although the MAPK were phosphorylated, the infarcts were larger in the balloon group. When the balloon was present during the entire protocol, compared to removal at the end of ischaemia, the infarct size was also larger, especially in the endocardial layer. The balloon reduced post-ischaemic endocardial coronary flow, despite a higher average flow, indicating a hyperperfused epicard. Blocking the balloon-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation during stabilization did not affect infarct size. The effect of post-conditioning was influenced by the balloon, showing reduced infarct size when the balloon was present. CONCLUSION The balloon used for pressure measurements may contributes to cell death possibly by reducing endocardial coronary flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bliksøen
- Division of Physiology; Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care; Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - A. Rutkovskiy
- Division of Physiology; Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care; Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Centre for Heart Failure Research; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - J. Vaage
- Division of Physiology; Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care; Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - K.-O. Stensløkken
- Division of Physiology; Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Centre for Heart Failure Research; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
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Abstract
The atherosclerotic coronary vasculature is not only the culprit but also a victim of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Manifestations of such injury are increased vascular permeability and edema, endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasomotion, microembolization of atherothrombotic debris, stasis with intravascular cell aggregates, and finally, in its most severe form, capillary destruction with hemorrhage. In animal experiments, local and remote ischemic pre- and postconditioning not only reduce infarct size but also these manifestations of coronary vascular injury, as do drugs which recruit signal transduction steps of conditioning. Clinically, no-reflow is frequently seen after interventional reperfusion, and it carries an adverse prognosis. The translation of cardioprotective interventions to clinical practice has been difficult to date. Only 4 drugs (brain natriuretic peptide, exenatide, metoprolol, and esmolol) stand unchallenged to date in reducing infarct size in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction; unfortunately, for these drugs, no information on their impact on the ischemic/reperfused coronary circulation is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Myojo M, Ando J, Uehara M, Daimon M, Watanabe M, Komuro I. Feasibility of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Myocardial Revascularization Therapy for Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients and Refractory Angina Pectoris Patients. Int Heart J 2017; 58:185-190. [PMID: 28320996 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization (ESMR) is one of the new treatment options for refractory angina pectoris (RAP), and some studies have indicated its effectiveness. A single-arm prospective trial to assess the feasibility of ESMR using Cardiospec for patients with post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and RAP was designed and performed. The patients were treated with 9 sessions of ESMR to the ischemic areas for 9 weeks. The feasibility measures included echocardiography; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; troponin T, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and brain natriuretic peptide testing; and a Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) survey. Three post-AMI patients and 3 RAP patients were enrolled. The post-AMI patients had already undergone revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the acute phase. In two patients, adverse events requiring admission occurred: one a lumbar disc hernia in a post-AMI patient and the other congestive heart failure resulting in death in an RAP patient. No apparent elevations in CK-MB and troponin T levels during the trial were observed. Echocardiography revealed no remarkable changes of ejection fraction; however, septal E/E' tended to decrease after treatments (11.6 ± 4.8 versus 9.2 ± 2.8, P = 0.08). Concerning the available SAQ scores for two RAP patients, one patient reported improvements in angina frequency and treatment satisfaction and the other reported improvements in physical limitations and angina stability. In this feasibility study, ESMR seems to be a safe treatment for both post-AMI patients and RAP patients. The efficacy of ESMR for post-AMI patients remains to be evaluated with additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Myojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Verouhis D, Sörensson P, Gourine A, Henareh L, Persson J, Saleh N, Settergren M, Sundqvist M, Tornvall P, Witt N, Böhm F, Pernow J. Effect of remote ischemic conditioning on infarct size in patients with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2016; 181:66-73. [PMID: 27823695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that remote ischemic conditioning performed before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It remains unclear whether remote conditioning affords protection when performed in adjunct to primary PCI. We aimed to study whether remote ischemic per-postconditioning (RIperpostC) initiated after admission to the catheterization laboratory attenuates myocardial infarct size in patients with anterior STEMI. METHODS In this prospective multicenter trial 93 patients with anterior STEMI were randomized to RIperpostC or sham procedure as adjunct to primary PCI. RIperpostC was started on arrival in the catheterization laboratory by 5-minute cycles of inflation and deflation of a blood pressure cuff around the left thigh and continued throughout the PCI procedure. Infarct size and myocardium at risk were determined by cardiac magnetic resonance at day 4 to 7. The primary outcome was myocardial salvage index. RESULTS There was no significant difference in myocardial salvage index between the RIperpostC and control group (median 48.5% and interquartile range 30.9%-60.8% vs 49.2% [42.1%-58.8%]). Neither did absolute infarct size in relation to left ventricular myocardial volume differ significantly (RIperpostC 20.6% [14.1%-31.7%] vs control 17.9% [13.4%-25.0%]). The RIperpostC group had larger myocardial area at risk than the control group (43.1% (35.4%-49.7%) vs 37.0% (30.8%-44.1%) of the left ventricle, P=.03). Peak value and area under the curve for troponin T did not differ significantly between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS RIperpostC initiated after admission to the catheterization laboratory in patients with anterior STEMI did not confer protection against reperfusion injury.
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Bell RM, Bøtker HE, Carr RD, Davidson SM, Downey JM, Dutka DP, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Macallister R, Stoppe C, Ovize M, Redington A, Walker JM, Yellon DM. 9th Hatter Biannual Meeting: position document on ischaemia/reperfusion injury, conditioning and the ten commandments of cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:41. [PMID: 27164905 PMCID: PMC4863033 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the 30 years since the original description of ischaemic preconditioning, understanding of the pathophysiology of ischaemia/reperfusion injury and concepts of cardioprotection have been revolutionised. In the same period of time, management of patients with coronary artery disease has also been transformed: coronary artery and valve surgery are now deemed routine with generally excellent outcomes, and the management of acute coronary syndromes has seen decade on decade reductions in cardiovascular mortality. Nonetheless, despite these improvements, cardiovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease in particular, remain the leading cause of death and a significant cause of long-term morbidity (with a concomitant increase in the incidence of heart failure) worldwide. The need for effective cardioprotective strategies has never been so pressing. However, despite unequivocal evidence of the existence of ischaemia/reperfusion in animal models providing a robust rationale for study in man, recent phase 3 clinical trials studying a variety of cardioprotective strategies in cardiac surgery and acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction have provided mixed results. The investigators meeting at the Hatter Cardiovascular Institute workshop describe the challenge of translating strong pre-clinical data into effective clinical intervention strategies in patients in whom effective medical therapy is already altering the pathophysiology of ischaemia/reperfusion injury-and lay out a clearly defined framework for future basic and clinical research to improve the chances of successful translation of strong pre-clinical interventions in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - H E Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R D Carr
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- MSD A/S, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - S M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - J M Downey
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - D P Dutka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - B Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Macallister
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Ovize
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Redington
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, the Heart Institute at Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J M Walker
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - D M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Heusch G. Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ischemic and Pharmacological Postconditioning. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1123-45. [PMID: 26140711 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Timely reperfusion is the only way to salvage ischemic myocardium from impending infarction. However, reperfusion also adds a further component to myocardial injury such that the ultimate infarct size is the result of both ischemia- and reperfusion-induced injury. Modification of reperfusion can attenuate reperfusion injury and thus reduce infarct size. Ischemic postconditioning is a maneuver of repeated brief interruption of reperfusion by short-lasting coronary occlusions which results in reduced infarct size. Cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning is mediated through delayed reversal of acidosis and the activation of a complex signal transduction cascade, including triggers such as adenosine, bradykinin, and opioids, mediators such as protein kinases and, notably, mitochondrial function as effector. Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore appears to be a final signaling step of ischemic postconditioning. Several drugs which recruit in part such signaling steps of ischemic postconditioning can induce cardioprotection, even when the drug is only administered at reperfusion, that is, there is also pharmacological postconditioning. Ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning have been translated to patients with acute myocardial infarction in proof-of-concept studies, but further mechanistic insight is needed to optimize the conditions and algorithms of cardioprotection by postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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35
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Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G, Baxter GF, Schulz R. Interaction of risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications with ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1142-74. [PMID: 25261534 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-, post-, and remote conditioning of the myocardium are well described adaptive responses that markedly enhance the ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and provide therapeutic paradigms for cardioprotection. Nevertheless, more than 25 years after the discovery of ischemic preconditioning, we still do not have established cardioprotective drugs on the market. Most experimental studies on cardioprotection are still undertaken in animal models, in which ischemia/reperfusion is imposed in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by, or associated with, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, heart failure, altered coronary circulation, and aging. These risk factors induce fundamental alterations in cellular signaling cascades that affect the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury per se and responses to cardioprotective interventions. Moreover, some of the medications used to treat these risk factors, including statins, nitrates, and antidiabetic drugs, may impact cardioprotection by modifying cellular signaling. The aim of this article is to review the recent evidence that cardiovascular risk factors and their medication may modify the response to cardioprotective interventions. We emphasize the critical need to take into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant medications when designing preclinical studies for the identification and validation of cardioprotective drug targets and clinical studies. This will hopefully maximize the success rate of developing rational approaches to effective cardioprotective therapies for the majority of patients with multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged and Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (G.F.B.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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Coronary artery calcification - predictor or player in the no-reflow phenomenon? Coron Artery Dis 2015; 26:553-4. [PMID: 26401994 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Misumida N, Kobayashi A, Saeed M, Fox JT, Kanei Y. Association Between Preinfarction Angina and Angiographic Findings in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Clin Cardiol 2015; 38:535-41. [PMID: 26418633 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between preinfarction angina and angiographic findings has not been elucidated in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). HYPOTHESIS Patients with preinfarction angina have favorable angiographic findings. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 481 patients who underwent coronary angiography within 5 days of presenting NSTEMI. Preinfarction angina was defined as experiencing ≥1 chest-pain episode within 7 days prior to admission. Infarct size was measured as the peak cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level, and large myocardial infarction (MI) was defined as a peak cTnI level >85th percentile value in the study population. Infarct-related artery (IRA) patency was defined as Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 2 or 3 flow. Clinical and angiographic characteristics and in-hospital mortality were compared between patients with and without preinfarction angina. RESULTS Among 481 patients, 200 (42%) had preinfarction angina. Preinfarction angina was associated with smaller infarct size, indicated by lower peak cTnI levels (P = 0.006) and lower incidence of large MI (P = 0.02), and IRA patency (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality. On multivariate analysis, both preinfarction angina (odds ratio: 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.94, P = 0.03) and IRA patency (odds ratio: 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.52, P < 0.001) were independent negative predictors of large MI. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that preinfarction angina is a predictor of smaller infarct size and infarct-related artery patency in NSTEMI patients, suggesting that NSTEMI patients presenting without preinfarction angina are at increased risk of developing a large MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Misumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Akihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Madeeha Saeed
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - John T Fox
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Yumiko Kanei
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
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Bouleti C, Mathivet T, Serfaty JM, Vignolles N, Berland E, Monnot C, Cluzel P, Steg PG, Montalescot G, Germain S. Angiopoietin-like 4 serum levels on admission for acute myocardial infarction are associated with no-reflow. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:511-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Reperfusion is mandatory to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction, but reperfusion per se contributes to injury and ultimate infarct size. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond that by timely reperfusion is needed to reduce infarct size and improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The conditioning phenomena provide such cardioprotection, insofar as brief episodes of coronary occlusion/reperfusion preceding (ischemic preconditioning) or following (ischemic postconditioning) sustained myocardial ischemia with reperfusion reduce infarct size. Even ischemia/reperfusion in organs remote from the heart provides cardioprotection (remote ischemic conditioning). The present review characterizes the signal transduction underlying the conditioning phenomena, including their physical and chemical triggers, intracellular signal transduction, and effector mechanisms, notably in the mitochondria. Cardioprotective signal transduction appears as a highly concerted spatiotemporal program. Although the translation of ischemic postconditioning and remote ischemic conditioning protocols to patients with acute myocardial infarction has been fairly successful, the pharmacological recruitment of cardioprotective signaling has been largely disappointing to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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40
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Ibáñez B, Heusch G, Ovize M, Van de Werf F. Evolving Therapies for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:1454-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Luz A, Santos M, Magalhães R, Silveira J, Cabral S, Dias V, Oliveira F, Pereira S, Leite-Moreira A, Carvalho H, Torres S. Lack of Benefit of Ischemic Postconditioning After Routine Thrombus Aspiration During Reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 20:523-31. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248415578171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The underutilization of manual thrombus aspiration (MTA) may have reduced the benefits of ischemic postconditioning (PostCon), as it reduces thrombus embolization. We aimed to assess the benefits of PostCon in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after the systematic utilization of MTA. Methods: A total of 87 patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized trial (43 PostCon and 44 controls). After MTA, PostCon was performed on the treatment group by applying 4 cycles of alternate reperfusion and reocclusion (60 seconds each) using the angioplasty balloon. The primary end point was infarct size assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of troponin T (TnT) activity. The secondary end points were left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and major cardiac events (new myocardial infarction or cardiac death) both at discharge and at follow-up. Results: The AUC for TnT was no different with respect to study arms (median [interquartile range]): PostCon = 8.9 (10.6) versus control = 8.2 (10.6), P = .68. Left ventricle ejection fraction improved from in-hospital to follow-up (9 ± 3 months) for the entire cohort (46.3% ± 7.3% vs 52.2% ± 10.7%, P < .001), with no differences between PostCon and controls (51.6% ± 9.5% vs 52.7% ± 11.9%, P = .89); major cardiac events at 14 ± 4 months of follow-up were also no different (PostCon = 1.0 (2.3%) vs control = 0, P = .49). Conclusion: In patients with STEMI treated with MTA, PostCon offered no benefits to infarct size, LVEF, or major cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luz
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physiology and Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Magalhães
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences “Abel Salazar,” University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Silveira
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences “Abel Salazar,” University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cabral
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vasco Dias
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sousa Pereira
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Carvalho
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences “Abel Salazar,” University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Severo Torres
- Cardiology Department, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences “Abel Salazar,” University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Plasma from human volunteers subjected to remote ischemic preconditioning protects human endothelial cells from hypoxia-induced cell damage. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:17. [PMID: 25716080 PMCID: PMC4341024 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Short repeated cycles of peripheral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can protect distant organs from subsequent prolonged I/R injury; a phenomenon known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). A RIPC-mediated release of humoral factors might play a key role in this protection and vascular endothelial cells are potential targets for these secreted factors. In the present study, RIPC-plasma obtained from healthy male volunteers was tested for its ability to protect human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) from hypoxia–induced cell damage. 10 healthy male volunteers were subjected to a RIPC-protocol consisting of 4 × 5 min inflation/deflation of a blood pressure cuff located at the upper arm. Plasma was collected before (T0; control), directly after (T1) and 1 h after (T2) the RIPC procedure. HUVEC were subjected to 24 h hypoxia damage and simultaneously incubated with 5 % of the respective RIPC-plasma. Cell damage was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-measurements. Western blot experiments of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1alpha), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK-1/2) were performed. Furthermore, the concentrations of hVEGF were evaluated in the RIPC-plasma by sandwich ELISA. Hypoxia–induced cell damage was significantly reduced by plasma T1 (p = 0.02 vs T0). The protective effect of plasma T1 was accompanied by an augmentation of the intracellular HIF1alpha (p = 0.01 vs T0) and increased phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 (p = 0.03 vs T0). Phosphorylation of AKT and STAT5 remained unchanged. Analysis of the protective RIPC-plasma T1 showed significantly reduced levels of hVEGF (p = 0.01 vs T0). RIPC plasma protects endothelial cells from hypoxia–induced cell damage and humoral mediators as well as intracellular HIF1alpha may be involved.
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Jivraj N, Liew F, Marber M. Ischaemic postconditioning: cardiac protection after the event. Anaesthesia 2015; 70:598-612. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jivraj
- School of Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence; Cardiovascular Division; King's College London; London UK
| | - F. Liew
- School of Medicine; University College London; London UK
| | - M. Marber
- School of Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence; Cardiovascular Division; King's College London; London UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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Kleinbongard P, Heusch G. Extracellular signalling molecules in the ischaemic/reperfused heart - druggable and translatable for cardioprotection? Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:2010-25. [PMID: 25204973 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with acute myocardial infarction, timely reperfusion is essential to limit infarct size. However, reperfusion also adds to myocardial injury. Brief episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion in the myocardium or on organ remote from the heart, before or shortly after sustained myocardial ischaemia effectively reduce infarct size, provided there is eventual reperfusion. Such conditioning phenomena have been established in many experimental studies and also translated to humans. The underlying signal transduction, that is the molecular identity of triggers, mediators and effectors, is not clear yet in detail, but several extracellular signalling molecules, such as adenosine, bradykinin and opioids, have been identified to contribute to cardioprotection by conditioning manoeuvres. Several trials have attempted the translation of cardioprotection by such autacoids into a clinical scenario of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Adenosine and its selective agonists reduced infarct size in a few studies, but this benefit was not translated into improved clinical outcome. All studies with bradykinin or drugs which increase bradykinin's bioavailability reported reduced infarct size and some of them also improved clinical outcome. Synthetic opioid agonists did not result in a robust infarct size reduction, but this failure of translation may relate to the cardioprotective properties of the underlying anaesthesia per se or of the comparator drugs. The translation of findings in healthy, young animals with acute coronary occlusion/reperfusion to patients of older age, with a variety of co-morbidities and co-medications, suffering from different scenarios of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University School of Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
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Shimokawa H. 2014 Williams Harvey Lecture: importance of coronary vasomotion abnormalities-from bench to bedside. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:3180-93. [PMID: 25354517 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary vasomotion abnormalities play important roles in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease, in which endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery spasm are substantially involved. Endothelial vasodilator functions are heterogeneous depending on the vessel size, with relatively greater role of nitric oxide (NO) in conduit arteries and predominant role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in resistance arteries, where endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide serves as an important EDHF. The functions of NO synthases in the endothelium are also heterogeneous with multiple mechanisms involved, accounting for the diverse functions of the endothelium in vasomotor as well as metabolic modulations. Cardiovascular abnormalities and metabolic phenotypes become evident when all three NO synthases are deleted, suggesting the importance of both NO and EDHF. Coronary artery spasm plays important roles in the pathogenesis of a wide range of ischaemic heart disease. The central mechanism of the spasm is hypercontraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but not endothelial dysfunction, where activation of Rho-kinase, a molecular switch of VSMC contraction, plays a major role through inhibition of myosin light-chain phosphatase. The Rho-kinase pathway is also involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and new Rho-kinase inhibitors are under development for various indications. The registry study by the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association has demonstrated many important aspects of vasospastic angina. The ongoing international registry study of vasospastic angina in six nations should elucidate the unknown aspects of the disorder. Coronary vasomotion abnormalities appear to be an important therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School
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Roubille F, Mewton N, Elbaz M, Roth O, Prunier F, Cung TT, Piot C, Roncalli J, Rioufol G, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Wiedemann JY, Furber A, Jacquemin L, Willoteaux S, Abi-Khallil W, Sanchez I, Finet G, Sibellas F, Ranc S, Boussaha I, Croisille P, Ovize M. No post-conditioning in the human heart with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow 2-3 on admission. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:1675-82. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Abstract
Myocardial conditioning is an endogenous cardioprotective phenomenon that profoundly limits infarct size in experimental models. The current challenge is to translate this paradigm from the laboratory to the clinic. Accordingly, our goal in this review is to provide a critical summary of the progress toward, opportunities for, and caveats to, the successful clinical translation of postconditioning and remote conditioning, the 2 conditioning strategies considered to have the broadest applicability for real-world patient care. In the majority of phase II studies published to date, postconditioning evoked a ≈35% reduction of infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Essential criteria for the successful implementation of postconditioning include the appropriate choice of patients (ie, those with large risk regions and negligible collateral flow), timely application of the postconditioning stimulus (immediately on reperfusion), together with proper choice of end points (infarct size, with concomitant assessment of risk region). Remote conditioning has been applied in planned ischemic events (including cardiac surgery and elective percutaneous coronary intervention) and in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients during hospital transport. Controversies with regard to efficacy have emerged, particularly among surgical trials. These disparate outcomes in all likelihood reflect the remarkable heterogeneity within and among studies, together with a deficit in our understanding of the impact of these variations on the infarct-sparing effect of remote conditioning. Ongoing phase III trials will provide critical insight into the future role of postconditioning and remote conditioning as clinically relevant cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ovize
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Lyon, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Meier P, Lansky AJ, Fahy M, Xu K, White HD, Bertrand ME, Mehran R, Stone GW. The impact of the coronary collateral circulation on outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: results from the ACUITY trial. Heart 2013; 100:647-51. [PMID: 24310521 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the prognostic role of collaterals in a large population of patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS The coronary collateral circulation was assessed by an independent angiographic core laboratory using the Rentrop Score in patients enrolled in the randomised Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy trial. RESULTS The cohort comprised 5412 patients with moderate to high risk ACS. A total of 858 patients (16.0%) had visible collaterals while 4554 patients (84.0%) had no collaterals. After multivariable adjustment, there were no differences in clinical outcomes at 1 year between the groups, including major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.16), p=0.55), mortality (HR 1.03 (0.65 to 1.62), p=0.91), myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 1.07 (0.83 to 1.38), p=0.60) and unplanned target vessel revascularisation (TVR) (HR 0.95 (0.71 to 1.28), p=0.75). Similarly, in the subgroup of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the adjusted HR for major adverse cardiac events was 1.1 (0.76 to 1.61), p=0.595; 0.81 (0.10 to 6.44), p=0.999 for mortality; and 0.86 (0.54 to 1.35), p=0.564 for MI. The risk of unplanned TVR was increased (HR 2.74 (1.48 to 5.10), p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to other studies, this large core laboratory-based analysis does not confirm a beneficial role of visible coronary collateral vessels on clinical outcomes in patients with ACS; the presence of collaterals was even associated with increased mortality in the unadjusted analysis. Collaterals were associated with a higher risk of TVR in patients undergoing PCI, a finding that may not have been fully corrected given confounders and clinical differences between the groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00093158.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Meier
- University College London, The Heart Hospital, , London, UK
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