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Rodriguez M, Zheng Z. Connecting impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102394. [PMID: 38706781 PMCID: PMC11066549 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture entitled "Connecting Fibrinolysis and Dyslipidemia" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress 2023. Hemostasis balances the consequences of blood clotting and bleeding. This balance relies on the proper formation of blood clots, as well as the breakdown of blood clots. The primary mechanism that breaks down blood clots is fibrinolysis, where the fibrin net becomes lysed and the blood clot dissolves. Dyslipidemia is a condition where blood lipid and lipoprotein levels are abnormal. Here, we review studies that observed connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. We also summarize the different correlations between thrombosis and dyslipidemia in different racial and ethnic groups. Finally, we summarize relevant and new findings on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress. More studies are needed to investigate the mechanistic connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia and whether these mechanisms differ in racially and ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rodriguez
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Liu Z, Andraska E, Akinbode D, Mars W, Alvidrez RIM. LRP1 in the Vascular Wall. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-022-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Xiang Q, Tian F, Xu J, Du X, Zhang S, Liu L. New insight into dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence in atherosclerosis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1844-1867. [PMID: 35569818 PMCID: PMC9541442 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid‐rich plaques in the arterial wall, is an age‐related disorder and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms remain complex. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that senescence of various types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) contributes to atherosclerosis. Cellular senescence and atherosclerosis share various causative stimuli, in which dyslipidemia has attracted much attention. Dyslipidemia, mainly referred to elevated plasma levels of atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, or functional impairment of anti‐atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, plays a pivotal role both in cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence during atherosclerosis, with a focus on low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and its modifications, hydrolysate of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. Furthermore, we describe the underlying mechanisms linking dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the senescence‐related therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis, with special attention given to the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of promising geroprotectors as well as anti‐senescence effects of current lipid‐lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyan Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Institute of Aging and Age‐related Disease Research Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450000 PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Shilan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
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4
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Munshaw S, Bruche S, Redpath AN, Jones A, Patel J, Dubé KN, Lee R, Hester SS, Davies R, Neal G, Handa A, Sattler M, Fischer R, Channon KM, Smart N. Thymosin β4 protects against aortic aneurysm via endocytic regulation of growth factor signaling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:127884. [PMID: 33784254 PMCID: PMC8121525 DOI: 10.1172/jci127884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular stability and tone are maintained by contractile smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, injury-induced growth factors stimulate a contractile-synthetic phenotypic modulation which increases susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). As a regulator of embryonic VSMC differentiation, we hypothesized that Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) may function to maintain healthy vasculature throughout postnatal life. This was supported by the identification of an interaction with low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), an endocytic regulator of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) signaling and VSMC proliferation. LRP1 variants have been implicated by genome-wide association studies with risk of AAA and other arterial diseases. Tβ4-null mice displayed aortic VSMC and elastin defects that phenocopy those of LRP1 mutants, and their compromised vascular integrity predisposed them to Angiotensin II-induced aneurysm formation. Aneurysmal vessels were characterized by enhanced VSMC phenotypic modulation and augmented PDGFR-β signaling. In vitro, enhanced sensitivity to PDGF-BB upon loss of Tβ4 was associated with dysregulated endocytosis, with increased recycling and reduced lysosomal targeting of LRP1-PDGFR-β. Accordingly, the exacerbated aneurysmal phenotype in Tβ4-null mice was rescued upon treatment with the PDGFR-β antagonist Imatinib. Our study identifies Tβ4 as a key regulator of LRP1 for maintaining vascular health, and provides insights into the mechanisms of growth factor-controlled VSMC phenotypic modulation underlying aortic disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/adverse effects
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Becaplermin/genetics
- Becaplermin/metabolism
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/genetics
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Thymosin/genetics
- Thymosin/metabolism
- Thymosin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Munshaw
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susann Bruche
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andia N. Redpath
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alisha Jones
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chemistry Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Jyoti Patel
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Regent Lee
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja S. Hester
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Davies
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Neal
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashok Handa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chemistry Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Garcia-Arguinzonis M, Diaz-Riera E, Peña E, Escate R, Juan-Babot O, Mata P, Badimon L, Padro T. Alternative C3 Complement System: Lipids and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105122. [PMID: 34066088 PMCID: PMC8151937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is increasingly associated with inflammation, a phenotype that persists despite treatment with lipid lowering therapies. The alternative C3 complement system (C3), as a key inflammatory mediator, seems to be involved in the atherosclerotic process; however, the relationship between C3 and lipids during plaque progression remains unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate by a systems biology approach the role of C3 in relation to lipoprotein levels during atherosclerosis (AT) progression and to gain a better understanding on the effects of C3 products on the phenotype and function of human lipid-loaded vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). By mass spectrometry and differential proteomics, we found the extracellular matrix (ECM) of human aortas to be enriched in active components of the C3 complement system, with a significantly different proteomic signature in AT segments. Thus, C3 products were more abundant in AT-ECM than in macroscopically normal segments. Furthermore, circulating C3 levels were significantly elevated in FH patients with subclinical coronary AT, evidenced by computed tomographic angiography. However, no correlation was identified between circulating C3 levels and the increase in plaque burden, indicating a local regulation of the C3 in AT arteries. In cell culture studies of human VSMCs, we evidenced the expression of C3, C3aR (anaphylatoxin receptor) and the integrin αMβ2 receptor for C3b/iC3b (RT-PCR and Western blot). C3mRNA was up-regulated in lipid-loaded human VSMCs, and C3 protein significantly increased in cell culture supernatants, indicating that the C3 products in the AT-ECM have a local vessel-wall niche. Interestingly, C3a and iC3b (C3 active fragments) have functional effects on VSMCs, significantly reversing the inhibition of VSMC migration induced by aggregated LDL and stimulating cell spreading, organization of F-actin stress fibers and attachment during the adhesion of lipid-loaded human VSMCs. This study, by using a systems biology approach, identified molecular processes involving the C3 complement system in vascular remodeling and in the progression of advanced human atherosclerotic lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Adhesion
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/immunology
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/metabolism
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Wound Healing
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Garcia-Arguinzonis
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (E.D.-R.); (E.P.); (R.E.); (O.J.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Elisa Diaz-Riera
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (E.D.-R.); (E.P.); (R.E.); (O.J.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (E.D.-R.); (E.P.); (R.E.); (O.J.-B.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (E.D.-R.); (E.P.); (R.E.); (O.J.-B.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Juan-Babot
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (E.D.-R.); (E.P.); (R.E.); (O.J.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, 28010 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (E.D.-R.); (E.P.); (R.E.); (O.J.-B.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (E.D.-R.); (E.P.); (R.E.); (O.J.-B.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935-565-886; Fax: +34-935-565-559
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He Z, Wang G, Wu J, Tang Z, Luo M. The molecular mechanism of LRP1 in physiological vascular homeostasis and signal transduction pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111667. [PMID: 34243608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs) and macrophages (MФ), the major components of blood vessels, play a crucial role in maintaining vascular structural and functional homeostasis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), a transmembrane receptor protein belonging to the LDL receptor family, plays multifunctional roles in maintaining endocytosis, homeostasis, and signal transduction. Accumulating evidence suggests that LRP1 modulates vascular homeostasis mainly by regulating vasoactive substances and specific intracellular signaling pathways, including the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) signaling pathway, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The aim of the present review is to focus on recent advances in the discovery and mechanism of vascular homeostasis regulated by LRP1-dependent signaling pathways. These recent discoveries expand our understanding of the mechanisms controlling LRP1 as a target for studies on vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Padro T, Muñoz-Garcia N, Badimon L. The role of triglycerides in the origin and progression of atherosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33 Suppl 2:20-28. [PMID: 34006350 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridaemia has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in humans for several decades. However, only recently, data from basic research, as well as from genetic and observational studies, have suggested triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) as causal factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Novel findings highlighting the relevance of TRL-derived lipolytic products (remnant lipoprotein particles "RLPs"), rather than plasma triglycerides or TRL themselves, as the true mediators in atherosclerosis, have contributed to explain a causal relationship through a number of direct and indirect mechanisms. Thus, experimental studies in animal models and in vitro cell culture methods reveal that RLPs, having sizes below 70-80nm, enter the arterial wall and accumulate within the sub-endothelial space. They then become involved in the cholesterol deposition of cholesterol in the intima in addition to several pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathways. In this review, a summary is presented of current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which TRLs and their lipolytic derived RLP induce the formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, and actively contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Garcia
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Escate R, Padro T, Borrell-Pages M, Suades R, Aledo R, Mata P, Badimon L. Macrophages of genetically characterized familial hypercholesterolaemia patients show up-regulation of LDL-receptor-related proteins. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:487-499. [PMID: 27680891 PMCID: PMC5323824 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a major risk for premature coronary heart disease due to severe long‐life exposure to high LDL levels. Accumulation of LDL in the vascular wall triggers atherosclerosis with activation of the innate immunity system. Here, we have investigated (i) gene expression of LDLR and LRPs in peripheral blood cells (PBLs) and in differentiated macrophages of young FH‐patients; and (ii) whether macrophage from FH patients have a differential response when exposed to high levels of atherogenic LDL. PBLs in young heterozygous genetically characterized FH patients have higher expression of LRP5 and LRP6 than age‐matched healthy controls or patients with secondary hypercholesterolaemia. LRP1 levels were similar among groups. In monocyte‐derived macrophages (MACs), LRP5 and LRP1 transcript levels did not differ between FHs and controls in resting conditions, but when exposed to agLDL, FH‐MAC showed a highly significant up‐regulation of LRP5, while LRP1 was unaffected. PBL and MAC cells from FH patients had significantly lower LDLR expression than control cells, independently of the lipid‐lowering therapy. Furthermore, exposure of FH‐MAC to agLDL resulted in a reduced expression of CD163, scavenger receptor with anti‐inflammatory and atheroprotective properties. In summary, our results show for first time that LRPs, active lipid‐internalizing receptors, are up‐regulated in innate immunity cells of young FH patients that have functional LDLR mutations. Additionally, their reduced CD163 expression indicates less atheroprotection. Both mechanisms may play a synergic effect on the onset of premature atherosclerosis in FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aledo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Chabot V, Dromard C, Rico A, Langonné A, Gaillard J, Guilloton F, Casteilla L, Sensebé L. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor interaction with β1 integrin is required for platelet-derived growth factor-AB-induced human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell migration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:188. [PMID: 26420039 PMCID: PMC4588680 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well described for their role in tissue regeneration following injury. Migratory properties of endogenous or administrated MSC are critical for tissue repair processes. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a chemotactic growth factor that elicits mesenchymal cell migration. However, it is yet to be elucidated if signaling pathways other than direct activation of PDGF receptor (PDGF-R) are involved in PDGF-induced cell migration. Methods Knocking down and co-immunoprecipitation approaches were used to evaluate urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) requirement and its interactions with proteins involved in migration mechanisms, in human MSC induced to migrate under PDGF-AB effect. Results We demonstrated that uPAR activation and its association with β1-integrin are required for PDGF-AB-induced migration. This phenomenon takes place in MSC derived from bone marrow and from adipose tissue. Conclusions We showed that PDGF-AB downstream signaling requires other effector molecules in MSC such as the uPA/uPAR system and β1 integrin signaling pathway known for their role in migration. These findings provide new insights in molecular mechanisms of PDGF-AB-induced migration of human MSC that may be relevant to control MSC function and tissue remodeling after injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0163-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chabot
- EFS Centre-Atlantique, BP 40661, 37 206, Tours, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Cécile Dromard
- CNRS UMR5273 STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,INSERM U1031, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
| | - Angélique Rico
- EFS Centre-Atlantique, BP 40661, 37 206, Tours, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Alain Langonné
- EFS Centre-Atlantique, BP 40661, 37 206, Tours, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Julien Gaillard
- EFS Centre-Atlantique, BP 40661, 37 206, Tours, Cedex 3, France. .,Département des Microscopies, Faculté de Médecine, 37 032, Tours, Cedex, France.
| | - Fabien Guilloton
- CNRS UMR5273 STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,INSERM U1031, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
| | - Louis Casteilla
- CNRS UMR5273 STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,INSERM U1031, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
| | - Luc Sensebé
- CNRS UMR5273 STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,INSERM U1031, BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. .,EFS Pyrénées -Méditerranée BP 84225, F-31 432, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France.
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