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Dubich T, Lieske A, Santag S, Beauclair G, Rückert J, Herrmann J, Gorges J, Büsche G, Kazmaier U, Hauser H, Stadler M, Schulz TF, Wirth D. An endothelial cell line infected by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) allows the investigation of Kaposi's sarcoma and the validation of novel viral inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:311-324. [PMID: 30610257 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-01733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a tumor of endothelial origin predominantly affecting immunosuppressed individuals. Up to date, vaccines and targeted therapies are not available. Screening and identification of anti-viral compounds are compromised by the lack of scalable cell culture systems reflecting properties of virus-transformed cells in patients. Further, the strict specificity of the virus for humans limits the development of in vivo models. In this study, we exploited a conditionally immortalized human endothelial cell line for establishment of in vitro 2D and 3D KSHV latency models and the generation of KS-like xenograft tumors in mice. Importantly, the invasive properties and tumor formation could be completely reverted by purging KSHV from the cells, confirming that tumor formation is dependent on the continued presence of KSHV, rather than being a consequence of irreversible transformation of the infected cells. Upon testing a library of 260 natural metabolites, we selected the compounds that induced viral loss or reduced the invasiveness of infected cells in 2D and 3D endothelial cell culture systems. The efficacy of selected compounds against KSHV-induced tumor formation was verified in the xenograft model. Together, this study shows that the combined use of anti-viral and anti-tumor assays based on the same cell line is predictive for tumor reduction in vivo and therefore allows faithful selection of novel drug candidates against Kaposi's sarcoma. KEY MESSAGES: Novel 2D, 3D, and xenograft mouse models mimic the consequences of KSHV infection. KSHV-induced tumorigenesis can be reverted upon purging the cells from the virus. A 3D invasiveness assay is predictive for tumor reduction in vivo. Chondramid B, epothilone B, and pretubulysin D diminish KS-like lesions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Dubich
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Lieske
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susann Santag
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jan Gorges
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guntram Büsche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Persistent inhibition of pore-based cell migration by sub-toxic doses of miuraenamide, an actin filament stabilizer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16407. [PMID: 29180826 PMCID: PMC5703899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Opposed to tubulin-binding agents, actin-binding small molecules have not yet become part of clinical tumor treatment, most likely due to the fear of general cytotoxicity. Addressing this problem, we investigated the long-term efficacy of sub-toxic doses of miuraenamide, an actin filament stabilizing natural compound, on tumor cell (SKOV3) migration. No cytotoxic effects or persistent morphological changes occurred at a concentration of miuraenamide of 20 nM. After 72 h treatment with this concentration, nuclear stiffness was increased, causing reduced migration through pores in a Boyden chamber, while cell migration and chemotaxis per se were unaltered. A concomitant time-resolved proteomic approach showed down regulation of a protein cluster after 56 h treatment. This cluster correlated best with the Wnt signaling pathway. A further analysis of the actin associated MRTF/SRF signaling showed a surprising reduction of SRF-regulated proteins. In contrast to acute effects of actin-binding compounds on actin at high concentrations, long-term low-dose treatment elicits much more subtle but still functionally relevant changes beyond simple destruction of the cytoskeleton. These range from biophysical parameters to regulation of protein expression, and may help to better understand the complex biology of actin, as well as to initiate alternative regimes for the testing of actin-targeting drugs.
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Pergola C, Schubert K, Pace S, Ziereisen J, Nikels F, Scherer O, Hüttel S, Zahler S, Vollmar AM, Weinigel C, Rummler S, Müller R, Raasch M, Mosig A, Koeberle A, Werz O. Modulation of actin dynamics as potential macrophage subtype-targeting anti-tumour strategy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41434. [PMID: 28134280 PMCID: PMC5278352 DOI: 10.1038/srep41434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages mainly comprise immunosuppressive M2 phenotypes that promote tumour progression besides anti-tumoural M1 subsets. Selective depletion or reprogramming of M2 may represent an innovative anti-cancer strategy. The actin cytoskeleton is central for cellular homeostasis and is targeted for anti-cancer chemotherapy. Here, we show that targeting G-actin nucleation using chondramide A (ChA) predominantly depletes human M2 while promoting the tumour-suppressive M1 phenotype. ChA reduced the viability of M2, with minor effects on M1, but increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α release from M1. Interestingly, ChA caused rapid disruption of dynamic F-actin filaments and polymerization of G-actin, followed by reduction of cell size, binucleation and cell division, without cellular collapse. In M1, but not in M2, ChA caused marked activation of SAPK/JNK and NFκB, with slight or no effects on Akt, STAT-1/-3, ERK-1/2, and p38 MAPK, seemingly accounting for the better survival of M1 and TNFα secretion. In a microfluidically-supported human tumour biochip model, circulating ChA-treated M1 markedly reduced tumour cell viability through enhanced release of TNFα. Together, ChA may cause an anti-tumoural microenvironment by depletion of M2 and activation of M1, suggesting induction of G-actin nucleation as potential strategy to target tumour-associated macrophages in addition to neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pergola
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Schubert
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Ziereisen
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Nikels
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Olga Scherer
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Raasch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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