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Cooper STE, Lokman AB, Riley PR. Role of the Lymphatics in Cardiac Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1181-1190. [PMID: 38634279 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the largest cause of death worldwide with recent evidence increasingly attributing the development and progression of these diseases to an exacerbated inflammatory response. As a result, significant research is now focused on modifying the immune environment to prevent the disease progression. This in turn has highlighted the lymphatic system in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases owing, in part, to its established function in immune cell surveillance and trafficking. In this review, we highlight the role of the cardiac lymphatic system and its potential as an immunomodulatory therapeutic target in selected cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna T E Cooper
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam B Lokman
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Chen X, Liu C, Wang J, Du C. Hematopoietic Stem Cells as an Integrative Hub Linking Lifestyle to Cardiovascular Health. Cells 2024; 13:712. [PMID: 38667327 PMCID: PMC11049205 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite breakthroughs in modern medical care, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is even more prevalent globally. Increasing epidemiologic evidence indicates that emerging cardiovascular risk factors arising from the modern lifestyle, including psychosocial stress, sleep problems, unhealthy diet patterns, physical inactivity/sedentary behavior, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking, contribute significantly to this worldwide epidemic, while its underpinning mechanisms are enigmatic. Hematological and immune systems were recently demonstrated to play integrative roles in linking lifestyle to cardiovascular health. In particular, alterations in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis, which is usually characterized by proliferation, expansion, mobilization, megakaryocyte/myeloid-biased differentiation, and/or the pro-inflammatory priming of HSCs, have been shown to be involved in the persistent overproduction of pro-inflammatory myeloid leukocytes and platelets, the cellular protagonists of cardiovascular inflammation and thrombosis, respectively. Furthermore, certain lifestyle factors, such as a healthy diet pattern and physical exercise, have been documented to exert cardiovascular protective effects through promoting quiescence, bone marrow retention, balanced differentiation, and/or the anti-inflammatory priming of HSCs. Here, we review the current understanding of and progression in research on the mechanistic interrelationships among lifestyle, HSC homeostasis, and cardiovascular health. Given that adhering to a healthy lifestyle has become a mainstream primary preventative approach to lowering the cardiovascular burden, unmasking the causal links between lifestyle and cardiovascular health from the perspective of hematopoiesis would open new opportunities to prevent and treat CVD in the present age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (X.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (X.C.); (C.L.)
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El-Awaisi J, Kavanagh DPJ, Kalia N. Monitoring coronary blood flow by laser speckle contrast imaging after myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury in adult and aged mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1358472. [PMID: 38410244 PMCID: PMC10895051 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1358472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Investigating coronary microvascular perfusion responses after myocardial infarction (MI) would aid in the development of flow preserving therapies. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool used for real-time, non-contact, full-field imaging of blood flow in various tissues/organs. However, its use in the beating heart has been limited due to motion artifacts. Methods In this paper, we report the novel use of LSCI, combined with custom speckle analysis software (SpAn), to visualise and quantitate changes in ventricular perfusion in adult and aged mice undergoing ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The therapeutic benefit of inhibiting the actions of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-36 (IL-36) was also investigated using an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). Results Imaging from uncovered and covered regions of the left ventricle demonstrated that whilst part of the LSCI flux signal was derived from beating motion, a significant contributor to the flux signal came from ventricular microcirculatory blood flow. We show that a biphasic flux profile corresponding to diastolic and systolic phases of the cardiac cycle can be detected without mathematically processing the total flux data to denoise motion artifacts. Furthermore, perfusion responses to ischaemia and postischaemia were strong, reproducible and could easily be detected without the need to subtract motion-related flux signals. LSCI also identified significantly poorer ventricular perfusion in injured aged mice following IR injury which markedly improved with IL-36Ra. Discussion We therefore propose that LSCI of the heart is possible despite motion artifacts and may facilitate future investigations into the role of the coronary microcirculation in cardiovascular diseases and development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Huang Q, Tian H, Tian L, Zhao X, Li L, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Lei S, Xia Z. Inhibiting Rev-erbα-mediated ferroptosis alleviates susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:135-150. [PMID: 37805047 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The complex progression of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) may result in increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. IR injuries in multiple organs involves ferroptosis. Recently, the clock gene Rev-erbα has aroused considerable interest as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic and ischemic heart diseases. Herein, we investigated the roles of Rev-erbα and ferroptosis in myocardial IR injury during T2DM and its potential mechanisms. A T2DM model, myocardial IR and a tissue-specific Rev-erbα-/- mouse in vivo were established, and a high-fat high glucose environment with hypoxia-reoxygenation (HFHG/HR) in H9c2 were also performed. After myocardial IR, glycolipid profiles, creatine kinase-MB, AI, and the expression of Rev-erbα and ferroptosis-related proteins were increased in diabetic rats with impaired cardiac function compared to non-diabetic rats, regardless of the time at which IR was induced. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 decreased AI in diabetic rats given IR and LPO levels in cells treated with HFHG/HR, as well as the expression of Rev-erbα and ACSL4. The ferroptosis inducer erastin increased AI and LPO levels and ACSL4 expression. Treatment with the circadian regulator nobiletin and genetically targeting Rev-erbα via siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 technology both protected against severe myocardial injury and decreased Rev-erbα and ACSL4 expression, compared to the respective controls. Taken together, these data suggest that ferroptosis is involved in the susceptibility to myocardial IR injury during T2DM, and that targeting Rev-erbα could alleviate myocardial IR injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liqun Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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Alenazy FO, Harbi MH, Kavanagh DP, Price J, Brady P, Hargreaves O, Harrison P, Slater A, Tiwari A, Nicolson PLR, Connolly DL, Kirchhof P, Kalia N, Jandrot-Perrus M, Mangin PH, Watson SP, Thomas MR. Amplified inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque-induced platelet activation by glenzocimab with dual antiplatelet therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3236-3251. [PMID: 37541591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin and platelet P2Y12 inhibitors, such as ticagrelor, suboptimally inhibit microvascular thrombosis during ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors may further inhibit this but cause excessive bleeding. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether combination of glenzocimab, a GPVI inhibitor, with aspirin and ticagrelor provides additional antithrombotic effects, as GPVI has a critical role in atherothrombosis but minimal involvement in hemostasis. METHODS We investigated the effects of glenzocimab (monoclonal antibody Fab fragment) using blood from healthy donors and patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with aspirin and ticagrelor. Platelets were stimulated with multiple agonists, including atherosclerotic plaque, from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. RESULTS Aspirin and ticagrelor partially inhibited atherosclerotic plaque-induced platelet aggregation by 48% compared with control (34 ± 3 vs 65 ± 4 U; P < .001). Plaque-induced platelet aggregation, adhesion, secretion, and activation were critically dependent on GPVI activation. Glenzocimab alone reduced plaque-induced aggregation by 75% compared with control (16 ± 4 vs 65 ± 4 U; P < .001) and by >95% when combined with aspirin and ticagrelor (3 ± 1 vs 65 ± 4 U; P < .001). Glenzocimab reduced platelet aggregation, adhesion, and thrombin generation when added to blood of aspirin- and ticagrelor-treated patients with acute coronary syndrome. Glenzocimab shared several antithrombotic effects with the GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor eptifibatide with less effect on general hemostasis assessed by rotational thromboelastometry. In a murine intravital model of ST-elevation myocardial infarction, genetic depletion of GPVI reduced microvascular thrombosis. CONCLUSION Addition of glenzocimab to aspirin and ticagrelor enhances platelet inhibition via multiple mechanisms of atherothrombosis. Compared with a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor, glenzocimab shares multiple antithrombotic effects, with less inhibition of mechanisms involved in general hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz O Alenazy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maan H Harbi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dean P Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Price
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brady
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Hargreaves
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alok Tiwari
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip L R Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Derek L Connolly
- Department of Cardiology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center (UKE) Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pierre H Mangin
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Etablissement Francais du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Bumroongthai K, Kavanagh DPJ, Genever P, Kalia N. Improving vasculoprotective effects of MSCs in coronary microvessels - benefits of 3D culture, sub-populations and heparin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257497. [PMID: 37954606 PMCID: PMC10635425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Opening occluded coronary arteries in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) damages the delicate coronary microvessels through a process called myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to limit this injury, clinical success remains limited. This may be due to (i) poor MSC homing to the heart (ii) infused MSCs, even if derived from the same site, being a heterogeneous population with varying therapeutic efficacy and (iii) conventional 2D culture of MSCs decreasing their homing and beneficial properties. This study investigated whether 3D culture of two distinctly different bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC sub-populations could improve their homing and coronary vasculoprotective efficacy. Methods Intravital imaging of the anaesthetised mouse beating heart was used to investigate the trafficking and microvascular protective effects of two clonally-derived BM-derived MSC lines, namely CD317neg MSCs-Y201 and CD317pos MSCs-Y202, cultured using conventional monolayer and 3D hanging drop methods. Results 3D culture consistently improved the adhesive behaviour of MSCs-Y201 to various substrates in vitro. However, it was their differential ability to reduce neutrophil events within the coronary capillaries and improve ventricular perfusion in vivo that was most remarkable. Moreover, dual therapy combined with heparin further improved the vasculoprotection afforded by 3D cultured MSCs-Y201 by also modifying platelet as well as neutrophil recruitment, which subsequently led to the greatest salvage of viable myocardium. Therapeutic benefit could mechanistically be explained by reductions in coronary endothelial oxidative stress and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. However, since this was noted by both 2D and 3D cultured MSCs-Y201, therapeutic benefit is likely explained by the fact that 3D cultured MSCs-Y201 were the most potent sub-population at reducing serum levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion This novel study highlights the importance of not only 3D culture, but also of a specific CD317neg MSC sub-population, as being critical to realising their full coronary vasculoprotective potential in the injured heart. Since the smallest coronary blood vessels are increasingly recognised as a primary target of reperfusion injury, therapeutic interventions must be able to protect these delicate structures from inflammatory cells and maintain perfusion in the heart. We propose that relatively feasible technical modifications in a specific BM-derived MSC sub-population could achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobkaew Bumroongthai
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dean P. J. Kavanagh
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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El-Awaisi J, Mitchell JL, Ranasinghe A, Kalia N. Interleukin-36 is vasculoprotective in both sexes despite sex-specific changes in the coronary microcirculation response to IR injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1227499. [PMID: 37753164 PMCID: PMC10518412 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1227499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Risks and outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) are different between men and women and some studies have demonstrated that the latter have a higher risk of mortality. Whilst there are many reasons for this, it may also partially be linked to stronger innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by females compared to males. However, little is known about how sex impacts the coronary microvessels, the site where inflammatory processes take place, after an MI. Intravital and laser speckle microscopy was used to image coronary microvessels and ventricular perfusion in vivo in response to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in male and female mice. Interleukin-36 (IL-36) is the latest addition to the IL-1 superfamily of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has recently been shown to mediate inflammation in a number of non-cardiovascular diseases. Its role in mediating potential sex-related microcirculatiory pertubations in the heart are unknown. Therefore, the vasculoprotective efficacy of an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) was also investigated. Methods and results Immunostaining and flow cytometry demonstrated higher expression of IL-36 and its receptor in female hearts, an observation confirmed in human samples. Intravital imaging of the anaesthetised mouse beating heart identified significantly greater neutrophil recruitment in female hearts, but a greater burden of thrombotic disease in male hearts. Male mice had reduced functional capillary density and were unable to restore perfusion to baseline values as effectively as females. However, female mice had significantly larger infarcts. Interestingly, IL-36Ra decreased inflammation, improved perfusion, and reduced infarct size in both sexes despite increasing platelet presence in male hearts. Mechanistically, this was explained by IL-36Ra attenuating endothelial oxidative damage and VCAM-1 expression. Importantly, IL-36Ra administration during ischaemia was critical for vasculoprotection to be realised. Conclusion This novel study identified notable sex-related differences in the coronary microcirculatory response to myocardial IR injury which may explain why some studies have noted poorer outcomes in women after MI. Whilst contemporary MI treatment focuses on anti-platelet strategies, the heightened presence of neutrophils in female IR injured coronary microvessels necessitates the development of an effective anti-inflammatory approach for treating female patients. We also emphasise the importance of early intervention during the ischaemic period in order to maximise therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma El-Awaisi
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Mitchell
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Ranasinghe
- Consultant Cardiac and Heart/Lung Transplant Consultant, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Wu F, Wei H, Hu Y, Gao J, Xu S. Upregulation of P2X7 Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Enhancing Inflammation and Apoptosis in Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1962-1973. [PMID: 37144844 PMCID: PMC10235857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-aggravated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains an urgent medical issue, and the molecular mechanisms involved with diabetes and MI/R injury remain largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that inflammation and P2X7 signaling participate in the pathogenesis of the heart under individual conditions. It remains to be explored if P2X7 signaling is exacerbated or alleviated under double insults. We established a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, and we compared the differences in immune cell infiltration and P2X7 expression between diabetic and nondiabetic mice after 24 h of reperfusion. The antagonist and agonist of P2X7 were administered before and after MI/R. Our study showed that the MI/R injury of diabetic mice was characterized by increased infarct area, impaired ventricular contractility, more apoptosis, aggravated immune cell infiltration, and overactive P2X7 signaling compared with nondiabetic mice. The major trigger of increased P2X7 was the MI/R-induced recruitment of monocytes and macrophages, and diabetes can be a synergistic factor in this process. Administration of P2X7 agonist eliminated the differences in MI/R injury between nondiabetic mice and diabetic mice. Both 2 wk of brilliant blue G injection before MI/R and acutely administered A438079 at the time of MI/R injury attenuated the role of diabetes in exacerbating MI/R injury, as evidenced by decreased infarct size, improved cardiac function, and inhibition of apoptosis. Additionally, brilliant blue G blockade decreased the heart rate after MI/R, which was accompanied by downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and nerve growth factor transcription. In conclusion, targeting P2X7 may be a promising strategy for reducing the risk of MI/R injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fancan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Li S, Yin M, Li Y, Chen C, Zhang J, Sun K, Kong X, Chen Z, Qian J. Isorhapontigenin Attenuates Cardiac Microvascular Injury in Diabetes via the Inhibition of Mitochondria-Associated Ferroptosis Through PRDX2-MFN2-ACSL4 Pathways. Diabetes 2023; 72:389-404. [PMID: 36367849 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron overload and uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, but the role of ferroptosis in cardiac microvascular dysfunction remains unclear. Isorhapontigenin (ISO) is an analog of resveratrol and possesses strong antioxidant capacity and cardiovascular-protective effects. Moreover, ISO has been shown to alleviate iron-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the benefits of ISO treatment on cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetes and the possible mechanisms involved, with a focus on ferroptosis and mitochondria. Our data revealed that ISO treatment improved microvascular density and perfusion in db/db mice by mitigating vascular structural damage, normalizing nitric oxide (NO) production via endothelial NO synthase activation, and enhancing angiogenetic ability via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. PRDX2 was identified as a downstream target of ISO, and endothelial-specific overexpression of PRDX2 exerted effects on the cardiac microvascular function that were similar to those of ISO treatment. In addition, PRDX2 mediated the inhibitive effects of ISO treatment on ferroptosis by suppressing oxidative stress, iron overload, and lipid peroxidation. Further study suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and dysfunction contributed to ferroptosis, and ISO treatment or PRDX2 overexpression attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction via MFN2-dependent mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, MFN2 overexpression suppressed the mitochondrial translocation of ACSL4, ultimately inhibiting mitochondria-associated ferroptosis. In contrast, enhancing mitochondria-associated ferroptosis via ACSL4 abolished the protective effects of ISO treatment on cardiac microcirculation. Taken together, the results of the present work demonstrated the beneficial effects of ISO treatment on cardiac microvascular protection in diabetes by suppressing mitochondria-associated ferroptosis through PRDX2-MFN2-ACSL4 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Chen
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Li
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rev-erbs agonist SR9009 alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury by heightening endogenous cardioprotection at onset of type-2 diabetes in rats: Down-regulating ferritinophagy/ferroptosis signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113595. [PMID: 36029539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex progression of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) results in inconsistent findings on myocardial susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion (IR). IR injuries in multiple organs interconnect with ferroptosis. Targeting Rev-erbs might limit ferroptosis, with increasing attention turning to the application of circadian medicine against IR injuries. However, whether the Rev-erbs agonist SR9009 could mitigate diabetic IR injury remains unknown. Here, we investigated the susceptibility to IR at onset of T2DM in rats and its potential association between SR9009 and ferritinophagy/ferroptosis signaling. Onset of T2DM model was induced with a high-fat diet and the intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of streptozotocin. Myocardial IR model was established as well. Rats' general characteristics, cardiac function, glycolipid profiles, serum biochemistry, apoptosis index (AI) and morphological histology were observed and analyzed. Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) were employed to evaluate the expression of ferritinophagy/ferroptosis signaling and its co-localization. Glycolipid profiles and cardiac diastolic function were significantly impaired in diabetic rats. CK-MB, AI levels and ferritinophagy/ferroptosis-related proteins expression decreased towards myocardial IR in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic rats'. The ferroptosis inducer Erastin up-regulated SOD, MDA, and AI levels, as well as the expression of ferritinophagy/ferroptosis-related proteins in diabetic rats towards IR. Treatment with SR9009 down-regulated the degree of myocardial injury and ferritinophagy/ferroptosis-related proteins expression compared to diabetic rats treated with or without Erastin. Onset of T2DM activated endogenous cardioprotection against the susceptibility to myocardial IR injury, and SR9009 exogenously enhanced this endogenous mechanism and alleviated myocardial IR injury at onset of T2DM by down-regulating ferritinophagy/ferroptosis signaling.
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11
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Shim HB, Deniset JF, Kubes P. Neutrophils in homeostasis and tissue repair. Int Immunol 2022; 34:399-407. [PMID: 35752158 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cell and are equipped with highly destructive molecular cargo. As such, these cells were long thought to be short-lived killer cells that unleash their full cytotoxic programs on pathogens following infection and on host bystander cells after sterile injury. However, this view of neutrophils is overly simplistic and as a result is outdated. Numerous studies now collectively highlight neutrophils as far more complex and having a host of homeostatic and tissue-reparative functions. In this review, we summarize these underappreciated roles across organs and injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjoo Brian Shim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin F Deniset
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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El-Awaisi J, Kavanagh DP, Rink MR, Weston CJ, Drury NE, Kalia N. Targeting IL-36 improves age-related coronary microcirculatory dysfunction and attenuates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155236. [PMID: 35113814 PMCID: PMC8983126 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), elderly patients have a poorer prognosis than younger patients, which may be linked to increased coronary microvessel susceptibility to injury. Interleukin-36 (IL-36), a newly discovered proinflammatory member of the IL-1 superfamily, may mediate this injury, but its role in the injured heart is currently not known. We first demonstrated the presence of IL-36(α/β) and its receptor (IL-36R) in ischemia/reperfusion-injured (IR-injured) mouse hearts and, interestingly, noted that expression of both increased with aging. An intravital model for imaging the adult and aged IR-injured beating heart in real time in vivo was used to demonstrate heightened basal and injury-induced neutrophil recruitment, and poorer blood flow, in the aged coronary microcirculation when compared with adult hearts. An IL-36R antagonist (IL-36Ra) decreased neutrophil recruitment, improved blood flow, and reduced infarct size in both adult and aged mice. This may be mechanistically explained by attenuated endothelial oxidative damage and VCAM-1 expression in IL-36Ra–treated mice. Our findings of an enhanced age-related coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in reperfused hearts may explain the poorer outcomes in elderly patients following MI. Since targeting the IL-36/IL-36R pathway was vasculoprotective in aged hearts, it may potentially be a therapy for treating MI in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma El-Awaisi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Pj Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marco R Rink
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Weston
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel E Drury
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Li S, Chen J, Liu M, Chen Y, Wu Y, Li Q, Ma T, Gao J, Xia Y, Fan M, Chen A, Lu D, Su E, Xu F, Chen Z, Qian J, Ge J. Protective effect of HINT2 on mitochondrial function via repressing MCU complex activation attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:65. [PMID: 34914018 PMCID: PMC8677646 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that coronary microcirculation is a key target for protecting against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex activation and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) overload are underlying mechanisms involved in cardiovascular disease. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding 2 (HINT2) has been reported to modulate [Ca2+]m via the MCU complex, and our previous work demonstrated that HINT2 improved cardiomyocyte survival and preserved heart function in mice with cardiac ischemia. This study aimed to explore the benefits of HINT2 on cardiac microcirculation in I/R injury with a focus on mitochondria, the MCU complex, and [Ca2+]m overload in endothelial cells. The present work demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression significantly reduced the no-reflow area and improved microvascular perfusion in I/R-injured mouse hearts, potentially by promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation. Microvascular barrier function was compromised by reperfusion injury, but was repaired by HINT2 overexpression via inhibiting VE-Cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr731 and enhancing the VE-Cadherin/β-Catenin interaction. In addition, HINT2 overexpression inhibited the inflammatory response by suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Mitochondrial fission occurred in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis, the effects of which were largely relieved by HINT2 overexpression. Additional experiments confirmed that [Ca2+]m overload was an initiating factor for mitochondrial fission and that HINT2 suppressed [Ca2+]m overload via modulation of the MCU complex through directly interacting with MCU in CMECs. Regaining [Ca2+]m overload by spermine, an MCU agonist, abolished all the protective effects of HINT2 on OGD/R-injured CMECs and I/R-injured cardiac microcirculation. In conclusion, the present report demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression inhibited MCU complex-mitochondrial calcium overload-mitochondrial fission and apoptosis pathway, and thereby attenuated cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Muyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengkang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danbo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enyong Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Kalia N. A historical review of experimental imaging of the beating heart coronary microcirculation in vivo. J Anat 2021; 242:3-16. [PMID: 34905637 PMCID: PMC9773169 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the prognosis of patients is highly dependent upon the re-establishment of perfusion not only in the occluded coronary artery, but also within the coronary microcirculation. However, our fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of the tiniest blood vessels of the heart is limited primarily because no current clinical imaging tools can directly visualise them. Moreover, in vivo experimental studies of the beating heart using intravital imaging have also been hampered due to obvious difficulties related to significant inherent contractile motion, movement of the heart brought about by nearby lungs and its location in an anatomically challenging position for microscopy. However, recent advances in microscopy techniques, and the development of fluorescent reporter mice and fluorescently conjugated antibodies allowing visualisation of vascular structures, thromboinflammatory cells and blood flow, have allowed us to overcome some of these challenges and increase our basic understanding of cardiac microvascular pathophysiology. In this review, the elegant attempts of the pioneers in intravital imaging of the beating heart will be discussed, which focussed on providing new insights into the anatomy and physiology of the healthy heart microvessels. The reviews end with the more recent studies that focussed on disease pathology and increasing our understanding of myocardial thromboinflammatory cell recruitment and flow disturbances, particularly in the setting of diseases such as MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research GroupInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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15
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Steffens S, Nahrendorf M, Madonna R. Immune cells in cardiac homeostasis and disease: emerging insights from novel technologies. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:1533-1541. [PMID: 34897403 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of single-cell immune profiling and advanced microscopic imaging technologies has deepened our understanding of the cardiac immune system, confirming that the heart contains a broad repertoire of innate and adaptive immune cells. Leucocytes found in the healthy heart participate in essential functions to preserve cardiac homeostasis, not only by defending against pathogens but also by maintaining normal organ function. In pathophysiological conditions, cardiac inflammation is implicated in healing responses after ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiac injury. The aim of this review is to provide a concise overview of novel methodological advancements to the non-expert readership and summarize novel findings on immune cell heterogeneity and functions in cardiac disease with a focus on myocardial infarction as a prototypic example. In addition, we will briefly discuss how biological sex modulate the cardiac immune response. Finally, we will highlight emerging concepts for novel therapeutic applications, such as targeting immunometabolism and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, 8.228 Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, c/o Ospedale di Cisanello Via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Conduction disorders and arrhythmias remain difficult to treat and are increasingly prevalent owing to the increasing age and body mass of the general population, because both are risk factors for arrhythmia. Many of the underlying conditions that give rise to arrhythmia - including atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia, which frequently occur in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia or heart failure - can have an inflammatory component. In the past, inflammation was viewed mostly as an epiphenomenon associated with arrhythmia; however, the recently discovered inflammatory and non-canonical functions of cardiac immune cells indicate that leukocytes can be arrhythmogenic either by altering tissue composition or by interacting with cardiomyocytes; for example, by changing their phenotype or perhaps even by directly interfering with conduction. In this Review, we discuss the electrophysiological properties of leukocytes and how these cells relate to conduction in the heart. Given the thematic parallels, we also summarize the interactions between immune cells and neural systems that influence information transfer, extrapolating findings from the field of neuroscience to the heart and defining common themes. We aim to bridge the knowledge gap between electrophysiology and immunology, to promote conceptual connections between these two fields and to explore promising opportunities for future research.
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17
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Dong Y, Zhao H, Man J, Fu S, Yang L. MMP-9-mediated regulation of hypoxia-reperfusion injury-related neutrophil inflammation in an in vitro proximal tubular cell model. Ren Fail 2021; 43:900-910. [PMID: 34057033 PMCID: PMC8168740 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1930558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-reperfusion (HR) and inflammation are causes of renal allograft injury. Pathological evidence has indicated that ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to the proteolysis and destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in renal tubular epithelial cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and MMP-9, play roles in cleaving and reshaping the ECM. Acute accumulation of MMP-9 secreted from neutrophils promotes the incidence of inflammation and exacerbates graft trauma. Our goal was to investigate the activities of MMP-9/MMP-2 and their correlation with HR injury and neutrophil-related inflammation in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods This model was established by placing HK-2 cells under hypoxic conditions (5% CO2, 1% O2) for 6 h and then exposing them to reperfusion (5% CO2, 21% O2) for 12 h in a tri-gas incubator. The cell culture medium was collected for culturing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). BB-94 (MMP-9 inhibitor) was added to the culture medium in the inhibitor group. Results Flow cytometry showed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HK-2 cells from the HR injury group. MMP-9 expression was significantly increased and MMP-2 expression was significantly decreased in HK-2 cells from the HR group. MMP-9 and MPO expression were significantly increased in the HR group, while MPO expression was significantly decreased in the PMN inhibitor group. Conclusions The outcomes indicated that MMP-9 and MMP-2 are important components of an underlying pathophysiological mechanism of injury following HR. MMP-9 inhibition may be a potential approach to mitigateHR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jiangwei Man
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shengjun Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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18
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Mitsiou G, Karatzanos E, Smilios I, Psarra K, Patsaki I, Douda HT, Ntalianis A, Nanas S, Tokmakidis SP. Exercise promotes endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:e24-e27. [PMID: 33624043 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mitsiou
- Clinical Ergophysiology and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, 69100 Komotini, Greece.,1st Critical Care Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 75 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Karatzanos
- 1st Critical Care Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 75 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Smilios
- Clinical Ergophysiology and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, 69100 Komotini, Greece
| | - Katherina Psarra
- Immunology and Histocompatibility Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str, 106 75 Athens, Greece
| | - Irini Patsaki
- 1st Critical Care Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 75 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen T Douda
- Clinical Ergophysiology and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, 69100 Komotini, Greece
| | - Argyrios Ntalianis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, 80 Vassilissis Sofias Av., 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Serafeim Nanas
- 1st Critical Care Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 75 Athens, Greece
| | - Savvas P Tokmakidis
- Clinical Ergophysiology and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, 69100 Komotini, Greece.,1st Critical Care Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou Str., 106 75 Athens, Greece
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19
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Abstract
The 2019 Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Symposium expanded upon the NEC Society's goals of bringing stakeholders together to discuss cutting-edge science, potential therapeutics and preventative measures, as well as the patient-family perspectives of NEC. The Symposium facilitated discussions and shared knowledge with the overarching goal of creating "A World Without NEC." To accomplish this goal, new research to advance the state of the science is necessary. Over the last decade, several established investigators have significantly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of NEC and they have paved the way for the next generation of clinician-scientists funded to perform NEC research. This article will serve to highlight the contributions of these young clinician-scientists that seek to elucidate how immune, microbial and nervous system dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of NEC.
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20
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Hong T, Wei Y, Xue X, Li Y, Dong H, Guo X, Shi X, He B. A Novel Anti-Coagulative Nanocomplex in Delivering miRNA-1 Inhibitor Against Microvascular Obstruction of Myocardial Infarction. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901783. [PMID: 32338452 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in miRNA nanodelivery for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, miRNA nanodelivery within the infarct is impeded by microvascular obstruction as a local circulatory disorder caused by microthrombus formation in microvessels. Knowing that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can effectively prevent microthrombus formation in microcirculation, it is hypothesized whether surface modification of the nanocarrier with LMWH can overcome microvascular obstruction in the infarct area for better miRNA delivery. Herein, a novel nanocomlex consisting of dendrigraft poly-l-lysine (DGL)-loaded miR-1 inhibitor as the core to decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and LMWH as the shell to overcome microvascular obstruction of the infarct area is developed. The results show that this anti-coagulative nanocomlex is able to reduce microthrombus formation in microvessels and inhibit blood-coagulation factor Xa, thereby overcoming microvascular obstruction in the infarct area. In addition, it further enhances the uptake of miR-1 inhibitor within the infarct and decreases myocardiocyte apoptosis, thus improving the cardiac function and attenuating the myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, modification of DGL-loaded miR-1 inhibitor with LMWH helps overcome microvascular obstruction in delivering the drug to the infarct area, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving a better therapeutic outcome of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICUXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yazhong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICUXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Xiaomei Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICUXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICUXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Xueyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICUXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICUXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China
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21
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Allan-Rahill NH, Lamont MRE, Chilian WM, Nishimura N, Small DM. Intravital Microscopy of the Beating Murine Heart to Understand Cardiac Leukocyte Dynamics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32117249 PMCID: PMC7010807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Intravital microscopy has provided unprecedented insight into leukocyte biology by enabling the visualization of dynamic responses within living organ systems at the cell-scale. The heart presents a uniquely dynamic microenvironment driven by periodic, synchronous electrical conduction leading to rhythmic contractions of cardiomyocytes, and phasic coronary blood flow. In addition to functions shared throughout the body, immune cells have specific functions in the heart including tissue-resident macrophage-facilitated electrical conduction and rapid monocyte infiltration upon injury. Leukocyte responses to cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, have been well-studied using standard techniques, however, certain questions related to spatiotemporal relationships remain unanswered. Intravital imaging techniques could greatly benefit our understanding of the complexities of in vivo leukocyte behavior within cardiac tissue, but these techniques have been challenging to apply. Different approaches have been developed including high frame rate imaging of the beating heart, explantation models, micro-endoscopy, and mechanical stabilization coupled with various acquisition schemes to overcome challenges specific to the heart. The field of cardiac science has only begun to benefit from intravital microscopy techniques. The current focused review presents an overview of leukocyte responses in the heart, recent developments in intravital microscopy for the murine heart, and a discussion of future developments and applications for cardiovascular immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Allan-Rahill
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael R E Lamont
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David M Small
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Morrow
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
| | - Novalia Sidik
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
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Kavanagh DPJ, Kalia N. Live Intravital Imaging of Cellular Trafficking in the Cardiac Microvasculature-Beating the Odds. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2782. [PMID: 31849965 PMCID: PMC6901937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in the developed world are falling, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not. Each year, the number of people either being diagnosed as suffering with CVD or undergoing a surgical procedure related to it, such as percutaneous coronary intervention, continues to increase. In order to ensure that we can effectively manage these diseases in the future, it is critical that we fully understand their basic physiology and their underlying causative factors. Over recent years, the important role of the cardiac microcirculation in both acute and chronic disorders of the heart has become clear. The recruitment of inflammatory cells into the cardiac microcirculation and their subsequent activation may contribute significantly to tissue damage, adverse remodeling, and poor outcomes during recovery. However, our basic understanding of the cardiac microcirculation is hampered by an historic inability to image the microvessels of the beating heart-something we have been able to achieve in other organs for over 100 years. This stems from a couple of clear and obvious difficulties related to imaging the heart-firstly, it has significant inherent contractile motion and is affected considerably by the movement of lungs. Secondly, it is located in an anatomically challenging position for microscopy. However, recent microscopic and technological developments have allowed us to overcome some of these challenges and to begin to answer some of the basic outstanding questions in cardiac microvascular physiology, particularly in relation to inflammatory cell recruitment. In this review, we will discuss some of the historic work that took place in the latter part of last century toward cardiac intravital, before moving onto the advanced work that has been performed since. This work, which has utilized technology such as spinning-disk confocal and multiphoton microscopy, has-along with some significant advancements in algorithms and software-unlocked our ability to image the "business end" of the cardiac vascular tree. This review will provide an overview of these techniques, as well as some practical pointers toward software and other tools that may be useful for other researchers who are considering utilizing this technique themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Philip John Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Bienvenu LA, Wang X, Peter K. Prime time viewing of the ischaemic heart: new technologies allow imaging and flow assessment of the microvasculature in the beating heart. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1817-1819. [PMID: 31270528 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bienvenu
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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