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Botkin JR, Farmer AD, Young ND, Curtin SJ. Genome assembly of Medicago truncatula accession SA27063 provides insight into spring black stem and leaf spot disease resistance. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:204. [PMID: 38395768 PMCID: PMC10885650 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicago truncatula, model legume and alfalfa relative, has served as an essential resource for advancing our understanding of legume physiology, functional genetics, and crop improvement traits. Necrotrophic fungus, Ascochyta medicaginicola, the causal agent of spring black stem (SBS) and leaf spot is a devasting foliar disease of alfalfa affecting stand survival, yield, and forage quality. Host resistance to SBS disease is poorly understood, and control methods rely on cultural practices. Resistance has been observed in M. truncatula accession SA27063 (HM078) with two recessively inherited quantitative-trait loci (QTL), rnpm1 and rnpm2, previously reported. To shed light on host resistance, we carried out a de novo genome assembly of HM078. The genome, referred to as MtHM078 v1.0, is comprised of 23 contigs totaling 481.19 Mbp. Notably, this assembly contains a substantial amount of novel centromere-related repeat sequences due to deep long-read sequencing. Genome annotation resulted in 98.4% of BUSCO fabales proteins being complete. The assembly enabled sequence-level analysis of rnpm1 and rnpm2 for gene content, synteny, and structural variation between SBS-resistant accession SA27063 (HM078) and SBS-susceptible accession A17 (HM101). Fourteen candidate genes were identified, and some have been implicated in resistance to necrotrophic fungi. Especially interesting candidates include loss-of-function events in HM078 because they fit the inverse gene-for-gene model, where resistance is recessively inherited. In rnpm1, these include a loss-of-function in a disease resistance gene due to a premature stop codon, and a 10.85 kbp retrotransposon-like insertion disrupting a ubiquitin conjugating E2. In rnpm2, we identified a frameshift mutation causing a loss-of-function in a glycosidase, as well as a missense and frameshift mutation altering an F-box family protein. This study generated a high-quality genome of HM078 and has identified promising candidates, that once validated, could be further studied in alfalfa to enhance disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Botkin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Andrew D Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Nevin D Young
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Shaun J Curtin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Science Research Unit, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Ma L, Sun X, Ji W, Zhang B, Li J, Fu W, Zhang X, Qian W, Sheng E, Zhu D. Supramolecular self-assembled AIE molecules are used in the search for target proteins in norcantharidin. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340642. [PMID: 36628744 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Norcantharidin (NCTD), a demethylated derivative of cantharidin, is an anticancer active component in traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the main methods for finding its target proteins are pharmacological methods and biophysical screening, which cannot achieve the purpose of efficient and accurate screening. Here we established a new analytical method for specific fishing and assisted imaging for norcantharidin target proteins. For the AIE supramolecule probe, the benzophenone azide (BPA) fluorescent nanoparticles with strong AIE properties were encapsulated in biocompatible DSPE-PEG that covalently coupled with NCTD (named BPA@NCTD NPs). The target proteins of NCTD can be captured by BPA@NCTD NPs, and then be detected to investigate the potential signaling pathways. The screened differential proteins were analysed through the protein and signaling pathway database, and multiple signaling pathways were obtained and verified. The mechanism of norcantharidin in inhibiting the migration and invasion of A549 cells through the P53 signaling pathway was confirmed by Western blot experiments. Our research showed that AIE supramolecule probe BPA@NCTD NPs has the dual functions of specific screening of A549 cells target proteins and biological imaging, which not only offers a good anti-fluorescence quenching ability for the dynamic imaging process of NCTD, but also provides a novel and efficient specific method for efficient analysis of target proteins and signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Enze Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
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Rhee KY, Jansen RS, Grundner C. Activity-based annotation: the emergence of systems biochemistry. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:785-794. [PMID: 35430135 PMCID: PMC9378515 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Current tools to annotate protein function have failed to keep pace with the speed of DNA sequencing and exponentially growing number of proteins of unknown function (PUFs). A major contributing factor to this mismatch is the historical lack of high-throughput methods to experimentally determine biochemical activity. Activity-based methods, such as activity-based metabolite and protein profiling, are emerging as new approaches for unbiased, global, biochemical annotation of protein function. In this review, we highlight recent experimental, activity-based approaches that offer new opportunities to determine protein function in a biologically agnostic and systems-level manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Y Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christoph Grundner
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Rebelo BA, Farrona S, Ventura MR, Abranches R. Canthaxanthin, a Red-Hot Carotenoid: Applications, Synthesis, and Biosynthetic Evolution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1039. [PMID: 32824217 PMCID: PMC7463686 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of pigments with a biological role in light capture and antioxidant activities. High value ketocarotenoids, such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, are highly appealing for applications in human nutraceutical, cosmetic, and animal feed industries due to their color- and health-related properties. In this review, recent advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology towards the production of ketocarotenoids, in particular the red-orange canthaxanthin, are highlighted. Also reviewed and discussed are the properties of canthaxanthin, its natural producers, and various strategies for its chemical synthesis. We review the de novo synthesis of canthaxanthin and the functional β-carotene ketolase enzyme across organisms, supported by a protein-sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. Various possible modifications of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and the present sustainable cost-effective alternative platforms for ketocarotenoids biosynthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara A. Rebelo
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Sara Farrona
- Plant and AgriBiosciences Centre, Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, H19 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - M. Rita Ventura
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
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