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Dong X, Luo H, Bi W, Chen H, Yu S, Zhang X, Dai Y, Cheng X, Xing Y, Fan X, Zhu Y, Guo Y, Meng D. Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of genes exhibit allele-specific imprinting in maize embryo and endosperm. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:470. [PMID: 37803280 PMCID: PMC10557216 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting refers to a subset of genes that are expressed from only one parental allele during seed development in plants. Studies on genomic imprinting have revealed that intraspecific variations in genomic imprinting expression exist in naturally genetic varieties. However, there have been few studies on the functional analysis of allele-specific imprinted genes. RESULTS Here, we generated three reciprocal crosses among the B73, Mo17 and CAU5 inbred lines. Based on the transcriptome-wide analysis of allele-specific expression using RNA sequencing technology, 305 allele-specific imprinting genes (ASIGs) were identified in embryos, and 655 ASIGs were identified in endosperms from three maize F1 hybrids. Of these ASIGs, most did not show consistent maternal or paternal bias between the same tissue from different hybrids or different tissues from one hybrid cross. By gene ontology (GO) analysis, five and eight categories of GO exhibited significantly higher functional enrichments for ASIGs identified in embryo and endosperm, respectively. These functional categories indicated that ASIGs are involved in intercellular nutrient transport, signaling pathways, and transcriptional regulation of kernel development. Finally, the mutation and overexpression of one ASIG (Zm305) affected the length and width of the kernel. CONCLUSION In this study, our data will be helpful in gaining further knowledge of genes exhibiting allele-specific imprinting patterns in seeds. The gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes of ASIGs associated with agronomically important seed traits provide compelling evidence for ASIGs as crucial targets to optimize seed traits in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Haishan Luo
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenjing Bi
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xipeng Cheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yupeng Xing
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fan
- Manas Agricultural Experimental Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 832200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Maize Biological Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Main Crops in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Dongya Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110164, China
| | - Yanling Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Maize Biological Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Main Crops in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Dongya Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110164, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Liu J, Liu J, Deng L, Liu H, Liu H, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Sun X, Fan S, Wang H, Hua W. An intrinsically disordered region-containing protein mitigates the drought-growth trade-off to boost yields. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:274-292. [PMID: 36746783 PMCID: PMC10152686 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a serious threat to global agricultural productivity and food security. Plant resistance to drought is typically accompanied by a growth deficit and yield penalty. Herein, we report a previously uncharacterized, dicotyledon-specific gene, Stress and Growth Interconnector (SGI), that promotes growth during drought in the oil crop rapeseed (Brassica napus) and the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Overexpression of SGI conferred enhanced biomass and yield under water-deficient conditions, whereas corresponding CRISPR SGI mutants exhibited the opposite effects. These attributes were achieved by mediating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis while maintaining photosynthetic efficiency to increase plant fitness under water-limiting environments. Further spatial-temporal transcriptome profiling revealed dynamic reprogramming of pathways for photosynthesis and stress responses during drought and the subsequent recovery. Mechanistically, SGI represents an intrinsically disordered region-containing protein that interacts with itself, catalase isoforms, dehydrins, and other drought-responsive positive factors, restraining ROS generation. These multifaceted interactions stabilize catalases in response to drought and facilitate their ROS-scavenging activities. Taken altogether, these findings provide insights into currently underexplored mechanisms to circumvent trade-offs between plant growth and stress tolerance that will inform strategies to breed climate-resilient, higher yielding crops for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linbin Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xingchao Sun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shihang Fan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Orantes-Bonilla M, Wang H, Lee HT, Golicz AA, Hu D, Li W, Zou J, Snowdon RJ. Transgressive and parental dominant gene expression and cytosine methylation during seed development in Brassica napus hybrids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:113. [PMID: 37071201 PMCID: PMC10113308 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of gene expression and small RNAs during seed and seedling development reveals expression and methylation dominance levels with implications on early stage heterosis in oilseed rape. The enhanced performance of hybrids through heterosis remains a key aspect in plant breeding; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. To investigate the potential role of transcriptomic and epigenomic patterns in early expression of hybrid vigor, we investigated gene expression, small RNA abundance and genome-wide methylation in hybrids from two distant Brassica napus ecotypes during seed and seedling developmental stages using next-generation sequencing. A total of 31117, 344, 36229 and 7399 differentially expressed genes, microRNAs, small interfering RNAs and differentially methylated regions were identified, respectively. Approximately 70% of the differentially expressed or methylated features displayed parental dominance levels where the hybrid followed the same patterns as the parents. Via gene ontology enrichment and microRNA-target association analyses during seed development, we found copies of reproductive, developmental and meiotic genes with transgressive and paternal dominance patterns. Interestingly, maternal dominance was more prominent in hypermethylated and downregulated features during seed formation, contrasting to the general maternal gamete demethylation reported during gametogenesis in angiosperms. Associations between methylation and gene expression allowed identification of putative epialleles with diverse pivotal biological functions during seed formation. Furthermore, most differentially methylated regions, differentially expressed siRNAs and transposable elements were in regions that flanked genes without differential expression. This suggests that differential expression and methylation of epigenomic features may help maintain expression of pivotal genes in a hybrid context. Differential expression and methylation patterns during seed formation in an F1 hybrid provide novel insights into genes and mechanisms with potential roles in early heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Orantes-Bonilla
- Department of Plant Breeding, Land Use and Nutrition, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huey Tyng Lee
- Department of Plant Breeding, Land Use and Nutrition, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka A Golicz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Land Use and Nutrition, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dandan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Land Use and Nutrition, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Yu S, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhu Y, Yin Y, Zhang X, Dai Y, Zhang A, Li C, Zhu Y, Fan J, Ruan Y, Dong X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of lncRNAs in sunflower endosperm. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:494. [PMID: 36271333 PMCID: PMC9587605 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as important regulators, play important roles in plant growth and development. The expression and epigenetic regulation of lncRNAs remain uncharacterized generally in plant seeds, especially in the transient endosperm of the dicotyledons. RESULTS In this study, we identified 11,840 candidate lncRNAs in 12 day-after-pollination sunflower endosperm by analyzing RNA-seq data. These lncRNAs were evenly distributed in all chromosomes and had specific features that were distinct from mRNAs including tissue-specificity expression, shorter and fewer exons. By GO analysis of protein coding genes showing strong correlation with the lncRNAs, we revealed that these lncRNAs potential function in many biological processes of seed development. Additionally, genome-wide DNA methylation analyses revealed that the level of DNA methylation at the transcription start sites was negatively correlated with gene expression levels in lncRNAs. Finally, 36 imprinted lncRNAs were identified including 32 maternally expressed lncRNAs and four paternally expressed lncRNAs. In CG and CHG context, DNA methylation levels of imprinted lncRNAs in the upstream and gene body regions were slightly lower in the endosperm than that in embryo tissues, which indicated that the maternal demethylation potentially induce the paternally bias expression of imprinted lncRNAs in sunflower endosperm. CONCLUSION Our findings not only identified and characterized lncRNAs on a genome-wide scale in the development of sunflower endosperm, but also provide novel insights into the parental effects and epigenetic regulation of lncRNAs in dicotyledonous seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Northeast Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhe Yin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanshu Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinjuan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Shenyang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of the Northeast Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shenyang, China.
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Zhang Z, Yu S, Li J, Zhu Y, Jiang S, Xia H, Zhou Y, Sun D, Liu M, Li C, Zhu Y, Ruan Y, Dong X. Epigenetic modifications potentially controlling the allelic expression of imprinted genes in sunflower endosperm. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:570. [PMID: 34863098 PMCID: PMC8642925 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon mainly occurs in endosperm of flowering plants. Genome-wide identification of imprinted genes have been completed in several dicot Cruciferous plant and monocot crops. RESULTS Here, we analyzed global patterns of allelic gene expression in developing endosperm of sunflower which belongs to the composite family. Totally, 691 imprinted loci candidates were identified in 12 day-after-pollination sunflower endosperm including 79 maternally expressed genes (MEG) and 596 paternally expressed genes (PEG), 6 maternally expressed noncoding RNAs (MNC) and 10 paternally expressed noncoding RNAs (PNC). And a clear clustering of imprinted genes throughout the rapeseed genome was identified. Generally, imprinting in sunflower is conserved within a species, but intraspecific variation also was detected. Limited loci in sunflower are imprinted in other several different species. The DNA methylation pattern around imprinted genes were investigated in embryo and endosperm tissues. In CG context, the imprinted genes were significantly associated with differential methylated regions exhibiting hypomethylation in endosperm and hypermethylation in embryo, which indicated that the maternal demethylation in CG context potentially induce the genomic imprinting in endosperm. CONCLUSION Our study would be helpful for understanding of genomic imprinting in plants and provide potential basis for further research in imprinting in sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Northeast Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shenyang, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Haoran Xia
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Daqiu Sun
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanshu Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Shenyang, China.
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Picard CL, Povilus RA, Williams BP, Gehring M. Transcriptional and imprinting complexity in Arabidopsis seeds at single-nucleus resolution. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:730-738. [PMID: 34059805 PMCID: PMC8217372 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are a key life cycle stage for many plants. Seeds are also the basis of agriculture and the primary source of calories consumed by humans1. Here, we employ single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to generate a transcriptional atlas of developing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, with a focus on endosperm. Endosperm, the primary site of gene imprinting in flowering plants, mediates the relationship between the maternal parent and the embryo2. We identify transcriptionally uncharacterized nuclei types in the chalazal endosperm, which interfaces with maternal tissue for nutrient unloading3,4. We demonstrate that the extent of parental bias of maternally expressed imprinted genes varies with cell-cycle phase, and that imprinting of paternally expressed imprinted genes is strongest in chalazal endosperm. Thus, imprinting is spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Increased paternal expression in the chalazal region suggests that parental conflict, which is proposed to drive imprinting evolution, is fiercest at the boundary between filial and maternal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette L Picard
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ben P Williams
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary Gehring
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Rong H, Yang W, Zhu H, Jiang B, Jiang J, Wang Y. Genomic imprinted genes in reciprocal hybrid endosperm of Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:140. [PMID: 33726676 PMCID: PMC7968328 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting results in the expression of parent-of-origin-specific alleles in the offspring. Brassica napus is an oil crop with research values in polyploidization. Identification of imprinted genes in B. napus will enrich the knowledge of genomic imprinting in dicotyledon plants. RESULTS In this study, we performed reciprocal crosses between B. napus L. cultivars Yangyou 6 (Y6) and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11) to collect endosperm at 20 and 25 days after pollination (DAP) for RNA-seq. In total, we identified 297 imprinted genes, including 283 maternal expressed genes (MEGs) and 14 paternal expressed genes (PEGs) according to the SNPs between Y6 and ZS11. Only 36 genes (35 MEGs and 1 PEG) were continuously imprinted in 20 and 25 DAP endosperm. We found 15, 2, 5, 3, 10, and 25 imprinted genes in this study were also imprinted in Arabidopsis, rice, castor bean, maize, B. rapa, and other B. napus lines, respectively. Only 26 imprinted genes were specifically expressed in endosperm, while other genes were also expressed in root, stem, leaf and flower bud of B. napus. A total of 109 imprinted genes were clustered on rapeseed chromosomes. We found the LTR/Copia transposable elements (TEs) were most enriched in both upstream and downstream of the imprinted genes, and the TEs enriched around imprinted genes were more than non-imprinted genes. Moreover, the expression of 5 AGLs and 6 pectin-related genes in hybrid endosperm were significantly changed comparing with that in parent endosperm. CONCLUSION This research provided a comprehensive identification of imprinted genes in B. napus, and enriched the gene imprinting in dicotyledon plants, which would be useful in further researches on how gene imprinting regulates seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Rong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Haotian Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Youping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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Liu Y, Jing X, Zhang H, Xiong J, Qiao Y. Identification of Imprinted Genes Based on Homology: An Example of Fragaria vesca. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030380. [PMID: 33800118 PMCID: PMC7999015 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting has drawn increasing attention in plant biology in recent years. At present, hundreds of imprinted genes have been identified in various plants, and some of them have been reported to be evolutionarily conserved in plant species. In this research, 17 candidate genes in Fragaria vesca were obtained based on the homologous imprinted genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and other species. We further constructed reciprocal crosses of diploid strawberry (F. vesca) using the varieties 10-41 and 18-86 as the parents to investigate the conservation of these imprinted genes. Potentially informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as molecular markers of two parents obtained from candidate imprinted genes which have been cloned and sequenced. Meanwhile, we analyzed the SNP site variation ratios and parent-of-origin expression patterns of candidate imprinted genes at 10 days after pollination (DAP) endosperm and embryo for the hybrids of reciprocal cross, respectively. A total of five maternally expressed genes (MEGs), i.e., FvARI8, FvKHDP-2, FvDRIP2, FvBRO1, and FvLTP3, were identified in the endosperm, which did not show imprinting in the embryo. Finally, tissues expression analysis indicated that the five imprinted genes excluding FvDRIP2 mainly expressed in the endosperm. This is the first report on imprinted genes of Fragaria, and we provide a simple and rapid method based on homologous conservation to screen imprinted genes. The present study will provide a basis for further study of function and mechanism of genomic imprinting in F. vesca.
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Systematic Analysis of the DNA Methylase and Demethylase Gene Families in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) and Their Expression Variations After Salt and Heat stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030953. [PMID: 32023925 PMCID: PMC7036824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a process through which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule, thereby modifying the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. Increasing evidence has shown that DNA methylation is involved in various aspects of plant growth and development via a number of key processes including genomic imprinting and repression of transposable elements. DNA methylase and demethylase are two crucial enzymes that play significant roles in dynamically maintaining genome DNA methylation status in plants. In this work, 22 DNA methylase genes and six DNA demethylase genes were identified in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genome. These DNA methylase and DNA demethylase genes can be classified into four (BnaCMTs, BnaMET1s, BnaDRMs and BnaDNMT2s) and three (BnaDMEs, BnaDML3s and BnaROS1s) subfamilies, respectively. Further analysis of gene structure and conserved domains showed that each sub-class is highly conserved between rapeseed and Arabidopsis. Expression analysis conducted by RNA-seq as well as qRT-PCR suggested that these DNA methylation/demethylation-related genes may be involved in the heat/salt stress responses in rapeseed. Taken together, our findings may provide valuable information for future functional characterization of these two types of epigenetic regulatory enzymes in polyploid species such as rapeseed, as well as for analyzing their evolutionary relationships within the plant kingdom.
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Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon that occurs in flowering plants and mammals, whereby a gene is expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. Although imprinting has now been examined genome-wide in a number of species using RNA-seq, the analyses used to assess imprinting vary between studies, making consistent comparisons between species difficult. Here we present a simple, easy-to-use bioinformatic pipeline for imprinting analyses suitable for any tissue, including plant endosperm. All relevant scripts can be downloaded. As an illustrative example, we reanalyze published data from A. thaliana and Z. mays endosperm using the pipeline and then demonstrate how to use the results to assess the conservation of imprinting between these species. We also introduce the Plant Imprinting Database, a repository for published imprinting datasets in plants that can be used to view, compare, and download data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette L Picard
- Computational and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary Gehring
- Computational and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Genome-Wide Identification of Allele-Specific Gene Expression in a Parent-of-Origin Specific Manner. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2072:129-139. [PMID: 31541443 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Upon fertilization, normal endosperm and embryo development require the contribution of both the maternal and paternal genomes. However, certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner, an epigenetic phenomenon known as genomic imprinting. Despite the blast of new technologies and the crucial advances of the past decades in the epigenetics field, novel imprinted genes are yet to be discovered and thus key regulators of early seed development. Using rice plant as a model, we describe a method for the identification of imprinted genes based on an RNA-Seq approach, which allows the identification of maternal and paternal gene expression in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.
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