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Uchi T, Konno S, Kihara H, Sugimoto H. Thiamine deficiency unrelated to alcohol consumption presented with urinary retention and Wernicke's encephalopathy: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7681. [PMID: 37575456 PMCID: PMC10415583 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency can present with rare neurological symptoms such as urinary retention, along with common symptoms like ataxia and decreased limb muscle strength. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to improve symptoms and prevent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Uchi
- Department of NeurologyToho University Ohashi Medical CenterMeguro‐kuJapan
| | - Shingo Konno
- Department of NeurologyToho University Ohashi Medical CenterMeguro‐kuJapan
| | - Hideo Kihara
- Department of NeurologyToho University Ohashi Medical CenterMeguro‐kuJapan
| | - Hideki Sugimoto
- Department of NeurologyToho University Ohashi Medical CenterMeguro‐kuJapan
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Patience N, Sheehan A, Cummings C, Patti ME. Medical Nutrition Therapy and Other Approaches to Management of Post-bariatric Hypoglycemia: A Team-Based Approach. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:277-286. [PMID: 36074258 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript provides a review of post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) with a special focus on the role of the registered dietitian-nutritionist (RDN) and medical nutrition therapy (MNT) recommendations as foundational for management. RECENT FINDINGS As the number of bariatric surgeries rises yearly, with 256,000 performed in 2019, PBH is an increasingly encountered late complication. Following Roux-en-Y (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), about 1/3 of patients report symptoms suggestive of at least mild postprandial hypoglycemia, with severe and/or medically confirmed hypoglycemia in 1-10%. Anatomical alterations, changes in GLP1 and other intestinally derived hormones, excessive insulin response, reduced insulin clearance, impaired counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia, and other factors contribute to PBH. MNT is the cornerstone of multidisciplinary treatment, with utilization of personal continuous glucose monitoring to improve safety when possible. While many individuals require pharmacotherapy, there are no currently approved medications for PBH. Increasing awareness and identification of individuals at risk for or with PBH is critical given the potential impact on safety, nutrition, and quality of life. A team-based approach involving the individual, the RDN, and other clinicians is essential in providing ongoing assessment and individualization of MNT in the long-term management of PBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Patience
- Clinic Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Amanda Sheehan
- Clinic Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mary Elizabeth Patti
- Clinic Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Manav V, Türk CB, Kara Polat A, Erdil D, Baş S, Koku Aksu AE. Evaluation of the serum magnesium and vitamin D levels and the risk of anxiety in primary hyperhidrosis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:373-379. [PMID: 33738914 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive sweating is considered primary hyperhidrosis if it is triggered by emotional states without any thermogenic or other underlying disease from the eccrine glands. This may be due to dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system. AIMS To investigate the relationship between Vitamin D and Mg deficiency and the risk of anxiety and depression in patients with primary hyperhidrosis. PATIENTS/METHODS This cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted between July and October 2019. 49 primary hyperhidrosis patients in Group I and 47 age and gender matched healthy individuals in Group II were included in the study. RESULTS The mean 25 (OH) D and Mg levels in Group I were statistically significantly lower than in Group II (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of anxiety and depression (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). There was no significant relationship between the HADS-A / HADS-D scores and the severity of primary hyperhidrosis (r = -0.131, p = 0.096; correlation coefficient = 0.232, p = 0.447). However, a significant correlation was observed between HADS-A scores and serum Mg levels (r = -0.439, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression are common in patients with primary hyperhidrosis. As shown in this study, both anxiety and depression can be seen with low Mg levels in patients with primary hyperhidrosis. This could possibly be related to the pathological mechanism involving Vitamin D and Mg, which determines the common pathway affecting primary hyperhidrosis and anxiety/depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Manav
- Department of Dermatology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemre Büşra Türk
- Department of Dermatology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Asude Kara Polat
- Department of Dermatology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Erdil
- Department of Dermatology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Soysal Baş
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, İstanbul Hamidiye Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Esra Koku Aksu
- Department of Dermatology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Sheehan A, Patti ME. Hypoglycemia After Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery: Clinical Approach to Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4469-4482. [PMID: 33239898 PMCID: PMC7682607 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s233078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is an increasingly encountered complication of upper gastrointestinal surgery; the prevalence of this condition is anticipated to rise given yearly increases in bariatric surgical procedures. While PBH is incompletely understood, there is a growing body of research describing the associated factors, mechanisms, and treatment approaches for this condition. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Data are integrated and summarized from studies of individuals affected by PBH and hypoglycemia following upper gastrointestinal surgery obtained from PubMed searches (1990-2020). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Information addressing etiology, incidence/prevalence, clinical characteristics, assessment, and treatment were reviewed and synthesized for the practicing physician. Literature reports were supplemented by clinical experience as indicated, when published data were not available. CONCLUSION PBH can be life-altering and severe for a subset of individuals. Given the chronic nature of this condition, and sequelae of both acute and recurrent episodes, increasing provider awareness of both the condition and associated risk factors is critical for assessment, prompt diagnosis, treatment, and preoperative identification of individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sheehan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Elizabeth Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Mary Elizabeth Patti Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA02215, USATel +1 617-309-1966Fax +1 617-309-2593 Email
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Abstract
A huge number of proteins that occur in the body have to be folded into a specific shape in order to become functional. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and the folding process is exquisitely complex. When this folding process is inhibited, the respective protein is referred to as being misfolded and nonfunctional. So the hypothesis that follows is in regard to the diseases that are caused by the misfolding of vital proteins and their reported relationship with thiamin metabolism. These diseases are termed proteopathies and there are at least 50 different conditions in which the mechanism is importantly related to a misfolded protein. In the brain, thiamin deficiency causes a cascade of events involving mild impairment of oxidative metabolism, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, all of which are examples of proteopathies. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders related to the conformational alteration of the prion protein (PrP C) into a pathogenic and protease-resistant isoform (PrPSc). The physiological form (PrP C) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Despite numerous efforts to elucidate its role, the exact biological function remains unknown. Prion-induced diseases, due to the conformational change in the protein, are a global health problem, with lack of effective therapy and 100% mortality. Thiamin and its derivatives bind the prion protein and intermolecular actions have been noted between thiamin and other thiamin-binding proteins, although the exact importance of this is conjectural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Lonsdale
- Cleveland Clinic, 28575 Westlake Village Dr., Westlake, OH 44145, United States.
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Jelinek HF, Spence I, Cornforth DJ, Tarvainen MP, Russell J. Depression and cardiac dysautonomia in eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:369-374. [PMID: 28244034 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with eating disorder (ED) are at an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias due to cardiac dysautonomia, which may be exacerbated if depression is also present. The aim of the study was to use heart rate analysis as a marker for cardiac dysautonomia in patients with eating disorders and depression as a comorbidity. METHODS Clinical data, including presence of depression, was obtained from all participants. A three-lead ECG was used to determine interbeat intervals, and these were analyzed using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear heart rate variability measures. RESULTS Thirty ED patients and 44 healthy controls participated in the research. The presence of depression was associated with additional decreased time domain (RMSSD 36.8 ± 26 vs. 22.9 ± 12.3; p < 0.05), frequency domain (HF power 788 ± 1075 vs. 279 ± 261; p < 0.05), and nonlinear domain (DFAα2 0.82 ± 0.1 vs. 0.97 ± 0.1; p < 0.01) which results in the ED group compared to patients with no depression. CONCLUSIONS The presence of depression in ED patients decreased HRV even further compared to the non-depressed patient group and controls, suggesting that higher vigilance and a holistic treatment approach may be required for these patients to avoid cardiac arrhythmia complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert F Jelinek
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Community Health and Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW2460, Australia.
| | - Ian Spence
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Cornforth
- School of Design, Computing and Information Technology, University of Newcastle andApplied Informatics Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Mika P Tarvainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janice Russell
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Northside Clinic Eating Disorders Program, Sydney University, Greenwich, Sydney, Australia
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Wernicke's encephalopathy: A rare complication of hyperemesis gravidarum. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2015; 34:173-7. [PMID: 26004883 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Obrenovich ME, Shamberger RJ, Lonsdale D. Altered heavy metals and transketolase found in autistic spectrum disorder. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:475-86. [PMID: 21755304 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are developmental brain disorders with complex, obscure, and multifactorial etiology. Our recent clinical survey of patient records from ASD children under the age of 6 years and their age-matched controls revealed evidence of abnormal markers of thiol metabolism, as well as a significant alteration in deposition of several heavy metal species, particularly arsenic, mercury, copper, and iron in hair samples between the groups. Altered thiol metabolism from heavy metal toxicity may be responsible for the biochemical alterations in transketolase, and are mechanisms for oxidative stress production, dysautonomia, and abnormal thiamine homeostasis. It is unknown why the particular metals accumulate, but we suspect that children with ASD may have particular trouble excreting thiol-toxic heavy metal species, many of which exist as divalent cations. Accumulation or altered mercury clearance, as well as concomitant oxidative stress, arising from redox-active metal and arsenic toxicity, offers an intriguing component or possible mechanism for oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration in ASD patients. Taken together, these factors may be more important to the etiology of this symptomatically diverse disease spectrum and may offer insights into new treatment approaches and avenues of exploration for this devastating and growing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Obrenovich
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hills JI, Golub MS, Bettendorff L, Keen CL. The effect of thiamin tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide on behavior of juvenile DBA/2J mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 34:242-52. [PMID: 21816221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to genetic defects or illness some individuals require higher amounts of thiamin than are typically provided by the diet. Lipid-soluble thiamin precursors can achieve high blood levels of thiamin and result in increased concentrations in the central nervous system. High intakes of thiamin have been reported as beneficial in children with autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The current study examined the effect of thiamin tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD), a lipophilic precursor, on behavior in the juvenile male DBA/2J mouse. Mice given by oral gavage deionized water or deionized water providing 100 mg or 340 mg TTFD/kg body weight daily for 17 d, starting at postnatal day 18, were tested for effects on operant learning, social interaction, general activity level, and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, as well as effects on growth and select organ weights. Results indicate lower activity and altered social interaction at both treatment levels and decreased acoustic startle at the 100 mg/kg level. Compared to controls, percent weight gain was lower in the TTFD-treatment groups, but percent body length increase was not affected by TTFD treatment. TTFD treatment did not influence percent organ weights as percentage of body weights. TTFD treatment resulted in increased whole brain thiamin concentrations. These results support the concept that lipophilic thiamin precursors provided during early development can affect a number of behavioral parameters. In clinical trials with children with behavior disorders, attention should be given to preventing possible adverse gastrointestinal irritant effects associated with TTFD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith I Hills
- Department of Nutrition, University of CA, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Dysautonomia in autism spectrum disorder: case reports of a family with review of the literature. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:129795. [PMID: 22937241 PMCID: PMC3420600 DOI: 10.1155/2011/129795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Case histories of a mother and her two children are reported. The mother was a recovered alcoholic. She and her two children, both of whom had symptoms that are typical of autistic spectrum disorder, had dysautonomia. All had intermittently abnormal erythrocyte transketolase studies indicating abnormal thiamine pyrophosphate homeostasis. Both children had unusual concentrations of urinary arsenic. All had symptomatic improvement with diet restriction and supplementary vitamin therapy but quickly relapsed after ingestion of sugar, milk, or wheat. The stress of a heavy metal burden, superimposed on existing genetic or epigenetic risk factors, may be important in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder when in combination. Dysautonomia has been associated with several diseases, including autism, without a common etiology. It is hypothesized that oxidative stress results in loss of cellular energy and causes retardation of hard wiring of the brain in infancy, affecting limbic system control of the autonomic nervous system.
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Dysautonomie sévère révélatrice d’une encéphalopathie de Gayet-Wernicke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2011; 167:250-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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