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Chamachar MM, Fazeli MR, Salimi M, Samadi N. Growth promoting activity, anti-biofilm effect, and down regulation of papC and rcsA genes expression by Medicago sativa (alfalfa) extract. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Taurine-Upregulated Gene 1 Attenuates Cerebral Angiogenesis following Ischemic Stroke in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1037525. [PMID: 36330459 PMCID: PMC9626194 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1037525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Angiogenesis is one of the therapeutic targets of cerebral infarction. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the pathological process of angiogenesis following ischemic stroke. Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), an lncRNA, is correlated to ischemic stroke. We intended to determine the effect of TUG1 on angiogenesis following an ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was adopted to build a focal ischemic model of the rat brain, and pcDNA-TUG1 and miR-26a mimics were injected into rats. Neurological function was estimated through modified neurological severity scores. The volume of focal brain infarction was calculated through 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The level of TUG1 and miR-26a was measured by PCR. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 was checked using immunohistochemistry and western blot. The correlation between miR-26a and TUG1 was verified through a luciferase reporter assay. Results TUG1 increased noticeably while miR-26a was markedly reduced in MCAO rats. Overexpression of miR-26a improved neurological function recovery and enhanced cerebral angiogenesis in MCAO rats. TUG1 overexpression aggravated neurological deficits and suppressed cerebral angiogenesis in MCAO rats. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-26a was one of the predicted targets of TUG1. Furthermore, TUG1 combined with miR-26a to regulate angiogenesis. TUG1 overexpression antagonized the role of miR-26a in neurological recovery and angiogenesis in MCAO rats. Conclusions TUG1/miR-26a, which may act as a regulatory axis in angiogenesis following ischemic stroke, can be considered a potential target for cerebral infarction therapy.
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Wu F, Shi S, Liu C, Zhang H, Li X, Li Z. Optimization of the Extraction of Total Phenols from Medicago sativa and Its Antioxidant Capacity. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100898. [PMID: 35261168 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic compounds from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are used as antioxidants and in native medicine. They play an indispensable role in defense and signal transduction of the plant under stress conditions. This exploration of the optimal extraction parameters of the total phenols from alfalfa by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was aimed at providing a theoretical basis for better utilization of the total phenols in alfalfa. In this study, the effects of solvent volume fraction (A), extraction time (B), solid-liquid ratio (C) and extraction temperature (D) on the total phenols content and the total antioxidant capacity of Medicago sativa L. WL363HQ after thrips infestation were determined through single-factor experiments. Additionally, the extraction conditions of total phenols were optimized by using Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the proposed model had a good fitting degree for total phenols extraction (R2 =0.9564). The total phenols extraction from WL363HQ had significant relationship with solid-liquid ratio (C) and extraction temperature (D) (P<0.05). The influence levels of the four factors on total phenols extraction were as follows: extraction temperature (D) > solid-liquid ratio (C)>acetone volume fraction (A)>extraction time (B). The optimum extraction conditions of total phenols from WL363HQ were 50 % acetone, solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 (g/mL), extraction time of 45 min and extraction temperature of 60 °C. The corresponding content and total antioxidant capacity under the optimized conditions were 15.76 mg g-1 and 28.79 μmol Trolox g-1 . These results provided a new extraction method of total phenols from alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zili Li
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Ahmadi A, Shahidi SA, Safari R, Motamedzadegan A, Ghorbani-HasanSaraei A. Evaluation of stability and antibacterial properties of extracted chlorophyll from alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.). Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112980. [PMID: 35378206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to the evaluation of stability and antibacterial properties of the extracted chlorophyll from alfalfa. For this purpose, chlorophylls a and b from alfalfa were extracted by enzymatic and ultrasound methods. The results show that the content of chlorophyll a in alfalfa is higher than chlorophyll b and also the enzymatic method demonstrates higher yield in chlorophyll extraction. In the present study, the chlorophyll stability was evaluated in different conditions including temperature (-18, 4 and 25 °C), time (15, 30 and 45 days), pH (4.5 and 5.5) and NaCl concentration (50, 100 and 150mM). Also, antibacterial effects were investigated at different concentrations of chlorophyll (20, 40, 60 and 100μM) against some bactriaes by agar disk diffusion and microdilution (MIC and MBC) methods. The results demonstrate that 50 mM of NaCl, temperature -18 °C, pH = 4.5 and time15 days are associated with the highest chlorophyll a and b contents. Furthermore, the resistance of bacterias in agar disk diffusion and microdilution methods observe Listeria < Staphylococcus < Salmonella < Escherichia < Pseudomonas and Listeria<(Staphylococcus = Escherichia = Salmonella)<Pseudomonas, respectively. Also, there are significant differences between different chlorophyll concentrations against Listeria and Staphylococcus in evaluation of inhibition effects of total extracted chlorophyll (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ahmadi
- Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
| | - Seyed-Ahmad Shahidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
| | - Reza Safari
- Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center (CSERC), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, P.O. Box 961, Iran.
| | - Ali Motamedzadegan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
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Dang DX, Kim IH. The effects of road transportation with or without homeopathic remedy supplementation on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and serum cortisol and superoxide dismutase levels in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6162474. [PMID: 33693792 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The specialization of swine production and the market demand for pigs at different growth stages makes road transportation inevitable. However, road transportation usually causes a stress response in pigs. It is reported that homeopathic remedies supplementation could alleviate the stress response in pigs. This study investigated the effects of road transportation with or without homeopathic remedy (Convermax) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and serum cortisol and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in growing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred 49-d-old growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 13.17 ± 0.02 kg were randomly allotted to 2 groups based on the initial body weight, containing 18 replicates with 5 pigs (mixed sex) in each. The pigs were fed dietary supplementation of a homeopathic remedy (Convermax) (0 or 200 mg/kg of feed, as-fed) for 35 d. On day 21, 45 pigs (70-d old; 25.25 ± 0.37 kg) were randomly selected from each group and assigned to either 2 hr of road transportation or no road transportation, resulting in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We found that road transportation led to an increase in the fecal coliform bacteria counts (P = 0.023) and serum cortisol concentration (P = 0.039) and a decrease in the serum SOD concentration (P < 0.001). However, supplementing homeopathic remedy (Convermax) to the diet of growing pigs increased gain to feed ratio (P = 0.042), apparent nitrogen digestibility (P = 0.019), and serum SOD concentration (P = 0.007), whereas decreased serum cortisol concentration (P = 0.022). In brief, road transportation induced stress response for growing pigs and increased harmful bacteria counts in their intestines. Dietary supplementation of homeopathic remedy (Convermax) alleviated stress response, improved apparent nitrogen digestibility, and increased gain to feed ratio. However, no significant interactive effects between road transportation with or without dietary homeopathic remedy (Convermax) levels were observed on the detected parameters in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
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Wu L, Xiong X, Wu X, Ye Y, Jian Z, Zhi Z, Gu L. Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Prevent Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:28. [PMID: 32194375 PMCID: PMC7066113 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral ischemia injury can result in neuronal death and/or functional impairment, which leads to further damage and dysfunction after recovery of blood supply. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) often causes irreversible brain damage and neuronal injury and death, which involves many complex pathological processes including oxidative stress, amino acid toxicity, the release of endogenous substances, inflammation and apoptosis. Oxidative stress and inflammation are interactive and play critical roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. Oxidative stress is important in the pathological process of ischemic stroke and is critical for the cascade development of ischemic injury. Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cerebral ischemia and is more likely to lead to cell death and ultimately brain death after reperfusion. During reperfusion especially, superoxide anion free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) are produced, which can cause lipid peroxidation, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Inflammation alters the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemic injury. Inflammatory factors can therefore stimulate or exacerbate inflammation and aggravate ischemic injury. Neuroprotective therapies for various stages of the cerebral ischemia cascade response have received widespread attention. At present, neuroprotective drugs mainly include free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-apoptotic agents. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation, and their interplay with different types of programmed cell death in ischemia/reperfusion injury are unclear. The development of a suitable method for combination therapy has become a hot topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Seddighfar M, Mirghazanfari SM, Dadpay M. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of hydroalcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris, Carum carvi or Medicago sativa, and their combination in a rat model. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:181-188. [PMID: 32113847 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris flowers or Carum carvi and Medicago sativa seeds, alone and in combination, which have been used in traditional Iranian medicine. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 treatment groups: distilled water, sodium salicylate (SS), M. sylvestris extract (600 mg/kg), C. carvi extract (600 mg/kg), M. sativa extract (300 mg/kg) and combined extract (including 300 mg/kg M. sylvestris and C. carvi extracts, and 150 mg/kg M. sativa extract). The formalin pain model was used to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of the treatments. For anti-inflammatory effect, acute (one hour after injection) and chronic (during a week after injection) paw inflammation was measured after subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin in the hindpaw. Finally, tissue samples from all groups were prepared for histopathological studies. RESULTS The combined extract significantly inhibited the nociception in the acute phase of the formalin test (P < 0.001). In the chronic phase, all the extracts and SS had significant analgesic effect (P < 0.001). Analgesic activity of the combined extract was significantly stronger than SS (P < 0.01). In the acute inflammation model, M. sylvestris, C. carvi and the combined drug had significant inhibitory effects against paw edema (P < 0.05). All extracts, individually and in combination, significantly alleviated chronic paw inflammation (P < 0.01). The combined extract had much more anti-inflammatory activity than SS (P < 0.05). Histopathological results indicated improvement and reduction of inflammatory factors in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION M. sylvestris, C. carvi and M. sativa have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Potentially, each of these extracts or a mixture of them might be a valuable alternative drug to control pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Seddighfar
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran; Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417414418, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Dadpay
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran
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Li D, Liu D, Lv M, Gao P, Liu X. Isolation of triterpenoid saponins from Medicago sativa L. with neuroprotective activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126956. [PMID: 31932222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three new pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins (1-3), together with medicagenic acid (4) were isolated and purified from 70% EtOH extract of Medicago sativa L. by different column chromatographic and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were established by direct interpretation of their spectral data, mainly HR-ESI-MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and chemical methods, as well as comparison with literature data. Additionally, all isolates were evaluated for their neuroprotective activities against H2O2-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells. As a results, compounds 1 and 2 (67.14% and 73.05%) exhibited potent neuroprotective activities. These findings provide new insights into developing better treatment of neurodegenerative diseases for M. sativa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Targeted Pesticides, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Da Liu
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Targeted Pesticides, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Mengchao Lv
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Targeted Pesticides, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Pinyi Gao
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Targeted Pesticides, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xuegui Liu
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Targeted Pesticides, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, PR China.
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Su L, Liang D, Kuang SY, Dong Q, Han X, Wang Z. Neuroprotective mechanism of TMP269, a selective class IIA histone deacetylase inhibitor, after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:277-284. [PMID: 31552900 PMCID: PMC6905324 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TMP269 is a selective class IIA histone deacetylase inhibitor that has a protective effect on the central nervous system, whose specific mechanism of action is unclear. We aimed to reveal the optimal concentration of TMP269 for protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and its neuroprotective mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, ischemia/reperfusion, and 1, 4, 10 and 16 mg/kg TMP269 groups. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. TMP269 was intraperitoneally administered at different doses 0.5 hours before ischemia induction. Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry were used to detect effects of TMP269 on histone 2 acetylation. The results showed that the level of histone 2 acetylation was increased 24 hours after TMP269 injection. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was utilized to examine effect of TMP269 on infarct volume. The results found that different doses of TMP269 could reduce the infarct volume. Western blot assay, immunohistochemistry and Evans blue staining were employed to measure the effect of TMP269 on blood-brain barrier. The results showed that TMP269 counteracted the abnormal endothelial cell permeability changes caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the effect of TMP269 on tissue kallikrein. The results found that TMP269 up-regulated the expression of tissue kallikrein. Western blot assay further determined the optimal concentration to be 4 mg/kg. In conclusion, TMP269 plays a neuroprotective role by up-regulating the level of histone 2 acetylation, alleviating endothelial cell injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and up-regulating the expression of tissue kallikrein. The experimental protocol was approved in 2014 by the Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, China (approval No. 20140143C001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Yi Kuang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Grewal AK, Singh N, Singh TG. Neuroprotective effect of pharmacological postconditioning on cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion-induced injury in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:956-970. [PMID: 30809806 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection rendered via pharmacological postconditioning in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion-induced injury in mice. METHODS Pharmacological postconditioning is strategy which either involves hindering deleterious pathway or inducing modest stress level which triggers intracellular defence pathway to sustain more vigorous insult leading to conditioning. Hence, in current research we explored the potentiality of CGS21680 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p), an adenosine A2 A receptor agonist and PTEN inhibitor, SF1670 (3 mg/kg; i.p.) to trigger postconditioning after inducing cerebral global ischaemia (17 min) and reperfusion (24 h)-induced injury via occlusion of both carotid arteries. Mice were also given treatment with LY294002 (1.5 mg/kg; i.p.), a PI3K inhibitor and adenosine A2 A receptor antagonist, Istradefylline (2 mg/kg; i.p.), to establish the precise mechanism of postconditioning. Various biochemical and behavioural parameters were assessed to examine the effect of pharmacological postconditioning. KEY FINDINGS Pharmacological postconditioning induced with CGS21680 and SF1670 attenuated the infarction along with improved behavioural and biochemical parameters in comparison with ischaemia-reperfusion control group. The outcome of postconditioning with CGS21680 and SF1670 was significantly reversed by LY294002 and Istradefylline, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The neuroprotective effects of CGS21680 and SF1670 postconditioning on cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury may be due to PI3K/Akt pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara college of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara college of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, India
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Eruygur N, Dincel B, Kutuk Dincel NG, Ucar E. Comparative study of in vitro antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) collected during different growth stages. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMedicago sp. are often consumed as vegetable, salad and herbal tea as a form of fresh leaves and herbs. It is also very important in animal feeding, because it contains high percentage of protein and some important phytochemicals. In addition, traditionally, the leaves or other parts of the plant were used for treatment and preventing of kidney disorders, osteoporosis, anemia, diabetes, ulcer, coronary diseases, some cancers, and menopausal symptoms. In previous reports, it has been demonstrated that this plant has scavenging activity of the free radicals, which are involve in the development of the hypertension, Ischemia, neurodegenerative and rheumatoid diseases. In this study, the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activities of M. sativa L. collected in two growing period and phenolic substances that may be responsible for these activities were investigated. In this way, the beneficial effects of the plant will be revealed and a scientific work will be provided for the evaluation of the pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraniye Eruygur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya42250, Turkey
| | - Burak Dincel
- Department of Food Technology, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas58140, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Ucar
- Medicinal and aromatic plant Department, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas58140, Turkey
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Zhang H, Lai Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Yang M. Learning and memory improvement and neuroprotection of Gardenia jasminoides (Fructus gardenia) extract on ischemic brain injury rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:225-235. [PMID: 27940085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that containing a variety of effective active ingredients and exhibits diverse pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and nerve protection. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effect of Gardenia jasminoides extract (GJE) and Geniposide on learning and memory improvement and neuroprotection in a rat model with chronic cerebral ischemia, as well as explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude GJE was prepared using the methods of water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and refined by macroporous adsorption resin. The chronic cerebral ischemia model was simulated by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries in rats. GJE was taken at three doses groups (150mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 50mg/kg), Geniposide group (50mg/kg), and oral administration for 30 days. Memory function was assessed using Morris water maze test. The morphological changes of hippocampus and related parts of brain in rats by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining were observed. Moreover, the levels of Acetylcholin Esterase (AchE), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in the brain tissue were quantified. RESULTS GJE contained 27% gardenoside and 72% total iridoid glycoside. The chronic cerebral ischemia rat model has been proved successfully. The memory function of the rats assessed using Morris water maze test showed that GJE significantly shortened the escape latency of rats, but had no significant improvement on the number of times crossing the platform and the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant. HE staining showed that the apoptosis and necrosis of the cortex and hippocampus in the GJE group were significantly reduced. In addition, it was found that GJE could significantly improved the content of SOD, inhibited NOS and AchE activity in brain tissue, but did not show a significant reduction in the content of MDA. The effect of medium dosage of GJE was the best among these three dose groups and also better than Geniposide according to the results of all the detection index. CONCLUSIONS GJE had the functions of learning and memory improvement and the neuroprotection on chronic cerebral ischemia model rats. The mechanisms were found to be strongly correlated with antioxygen free radical, reduction of NO toxicity and AChE activity, and brain neuron protective effect. GJE could be able to play a better effect on improving chronic cerebral ischemia than Geniposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Qiong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China; Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
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Sadeghi L, Tanwir F, Yousefi Babadi V. Antioxidant effects of alfalfa can improve iron oxide nanoparticle damage: Invivo and invitro studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chen JR, Wei J, Wang LY, Zhu Y, Li L, Olunga MA, Gao XM, Fan GW. Cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by QiShenYiQi Pill® via ameliorate of multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3051-66. [PMID: 26109848 PMCID: PMC4474392 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s82146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of QiShenYiQi Pill® (QSYQ) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through antioxidative stress and mitochondrial protection. Methods and results Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with QSYQ or saline for 7 days and subjected to ischemia (30 minutes occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery) and reperfusion (120 minutes). Cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiogram and hemodynamics. Myocardial mitochondria were obtained to evaluate changes in mitochondrial structure and function, immediately after 120 minutes reperfusion. Pretreatment with QSYQ protected against I/R-induced myocardial structural injury and improved cardiac hemodynamics, as demonstrated by normalized serum creatine kinase and suppressed oxidative stress. Moreover, the impaired myocardial mitochondrial structure and function decreased level of ATP (accompanied by reduction of ATP5D and increase in the expression of cytochrome C). Myocardial fiber rupture, interstitial edema, and infiltrated leukocytes were all significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with QSYQ. Conclusion Pretreatment of QSYQ in Sprague Dawley rats improves ventricular function and energy metabolism and reduces oxidative stress via ameliorating multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions during I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rui Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mary Akinyi Olunga
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Kicel A, Olszewska MA. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, and Quantitative Estimation of Flavonoids, Saponins and Phenols in Crude Extract and Dry Fractions of Medicago lupulina Aerial Parts. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the flavonoid, saponin (TSC) and phenolic (TPC) contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude (CME) and dry extracts and fractions of Medicago lupulina L. aerial parts. A validated RP-HPLC method led to quantitation of flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) and flavones (apigenin and luteolin) in the hydrolyzed extract. TSC and TPC were assayed spectrophotometrically at 560 and 760 nm, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the CME and the dry fractions were followed in vitro by DPPH free radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The flavonoid content of CME was 1.27 mg/g dw. The prevailing flavonoids were luteolin and myricetin, at concentrations of 0.37 and 0.36 mg/g dw, respectively. TSC and TPC were detected in CME at the level of 90.4 mg ESE/g dw, and 12.9 mg GAE/g dw, respectively. In the DPPH and FRAP tests, the CME exhibited antioxidant capacity with TEAA and FRAP values of 45.4 μmol Trolox®/g dw and 0.2 mmol Fe2+/g dw, respectively. The diethyl ether dry fraction was the most valuable one, showing the highest antioxidant activity (TEAA = 726.1 μmol Trolox®/g dw, FRAP = 2349.4 μmol Fe2+/g dw) that was in accordance with its high TPC (162.4 mg/g dw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kicel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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PET Demonstrates Functional Recovery after Treatment by Danhong Injection in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:430757. [PMID: 24707308 PMCID: PMC3953511 DOI: 10.1155/2014/430757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate neuroprotection of Danhong injection (DHI) in a rat model of cerebral ischemia using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET). Method. Rats were divided into 5 groups: sham group, ischemia-reperfusion untreated (IRU) group, DHI-1 group (DHI 1 mL/kg/d), DHI-2 group (DHI 2 mL/kg/d), and DHI-4 group (DHI 4 mL/kg/d). AII the treated groups were intraperitoneally injected with DHI daily for 14 days. The therapeutic effects in terms of cerebral infarct volume, neurological function, and cerebral glucose metabolism were evaluated. Expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of mature neuronal marker (NeuN), glial marker (GFAP), vascular density factor (vWF), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results. Compared with the IRU group, rats treated with DHI showed dose dependent reductions in cerebral infarct volume and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, improvement of neurological function, and recovery of cerebral glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, the significantly increased numbers of neurons, gliocytes, and vessels and the recovery of glucose utilization were found in the peri-infarct region after DHI treatment using immunohistochemical analysis. Conclusion. This study demonstrated the metabolic recovery after DHI treatment by micro-PET imaging with 18F-FDG and the neuroprotective effects of DHI in a rat model of cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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Dong S, Tong X, Li J, Huang C, Hu C, Jiao H, Gu Y. Total flavonoid of Litsea coreana leve exerts anti-oxidative effects and alleviates focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:3193-202. [PMID: 25206640 PMCID: PMC4146186 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.34.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that total flavonoid of Litsea coreana leve (TFLC) protects against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. TFLC (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) was administered orally to a rat model of focal ischemia/reperfusion injury, while the free radical scavenging agent, edaravone, was used as a positive control drug. Results of neurological deficit scoring, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining and biochemical tests showed that TFLC at different doses significantly alleviated cerebral ischemia-induced neurological deficits and histopathological changes, and reduced infarct volume. Moreover, it suppressed the increase in the levels of nitrates plus nitrites, malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase, and it diminished the reduction in gluta-thione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in-jury. Compared with edaravone, the protective effects of TFLC at low and medium doses (25, 50 mg/kg) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were weaker, while the protective effects at high dose (100 mg/kg) were similar. Our experimental findings suggest that TFLC exerts neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and that the effects may be asso-ciated with its antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xuhui Tong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chengmu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hao Jiao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuchen Gu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
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Dissection of mechanisms of a chinese medicinal formula: danhong injection therapy for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:972370. [PMID: 23840272 PMCID: PMC3686077 DOI: 10.1155/2013/972370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine uses a systemic treatment approach, targeting multiple etiological factors simultaneously. Danhong injection (DHI), a very popular Chinese medicine injection, is reported to be effective for many cardiovascular conditions. The primary active ingredients of DHI, and their systemic and interrelated mechanism have not been evaluated in an established myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) model. We identified the main active constituents in DHI, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (A), salvianolic acid B (B), and danshensu (C), by HPLC fingerprint analysis and assessed their effect on MI/R rats and cardiomyocytes. These 3 compounds and DHI all decreased the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and MDA, increased those of IL-10 and SOD activity in vivo and in vitro, and had antiapoptotic effects, as shown by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL assay. Moreover, these compounds increased phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, we found compound A exerted a more prominent anti-inflammatory effect than B and C, by decreasing NF-κB levels; compound B had more powerful antioxidative capacity than A and C, by increasing Nrf2 expression; compound C had stronger antiapoptotic ability than A and B, by lowering caspase-3 activity. Our results elucidate the mechanisms by which DHI protects against MI/R induced injury.
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Sarkar S, Mandal AK, Das N. Vesicular antioxidants: role in age-related cerebral oxidative injury. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1028:221-230. [PMID: 23740123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-475-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, is a major factor in cerebral ischemic damage and changes the activities of antioxidant enzymes and substantially influences the aging process. Free chemical antioxidant is almost ineffective to treat brain ischemia as blood-brain barrier exists in between blood and brain interstitial fluid, limiting component to pass from the circulation into cerebral region. Different compounds have been tested in vivo in different vesiculated forms to prevent cerebral ischemia. Nanoparticle-encapsulated drug treatment resulted in a significant protection of the antioxidant enzymes in both young and old rats. Nanocapsulated drug treatment causes a substantial protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative damage to all parts of brain specifically hippocampal regions of all age groups of rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibani Sarkar
- Biomembrane Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Refined Qingkailing Protects MCAO Mice from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis with a Broad Time Window. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:567872. [PMID: 22536287 PMCID: PMC3320064 DOI: 10.1155/2012/567872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we are investigating effect of refined QKL on ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in mice. Methods. Mice were employed to induce ischemia-reperfusion injury of brain by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). RQKL solution was administered with different doses (0, 1.5, 3, and 6 mL/kg body weight) at the same time of onset of ischemia, and with the dose of 1.5 mL/kg at different time points (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 h after MCAO). Neurological function and brain infarction were examined and cell apoptosis and ROS at prefrontal cortex were evaluated 24 h after MCAO, and western blot and intracellular calcium were also researched, respectively. Results. RQKL of all doses can improve neurological function and decrease brain infarction, and it performed significant effect in 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 h groups. Moreover, RQKL was able to reduce apoptotic process by reduction of caspase-3 expression, or restraint of eIF2a phosphorylation and caspase-12 activation. It was also able to reduce ROS and modulate intracellular calcium in the brain. Conclusion. RQKL can prevent ischemic-induced brain injury with a time window of 6 h, and its mechanism might be related to suppress ER stress-mediated apoptotic signaling.
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