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AlFaris NA, Alshwaiyat NM, ALTamimi JZ, Alagal RI, AlSalehi SM, Al Zarah RI, Alfaiz RF, Alhariqi AI, Alshamri DF, AlSouan NA, AlMousa LA. Nutritional Status and Dietary Behaviors of Children with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3371-3399. [PMID: 39045491 PMCID: PMC11264128 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s473107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Children with intellectual or developmental disabilities are susceptible to malnutrition. This systematic review was conducted to assess the nutritional status and dietary behaviors of children with intellectual or developmental disabilities in Saudi Arabia. The target population was children from Saudi Arabia aged 18 years or younger and diagnosed with intellectual or developmental disabilities. Appropriate research studies that were published from inception up to December 2023 were obtained and reviewed. The outcomes of interest, including anthropometric data, laboratory data, dietary intake data, and dietary behaviors data, were collected and organized in relevant tables. The methodological quality and bias risk for the involved studies were evaluated. Out of 286 screened articles, 31 research articles were selected. The review results show that the rates of overweight and obesity were significantly higher among children with intellectual or developmental disabilities compared to typically developing children. The laboratory data revealed that they were more likely to have nutritional deficiencies. Low intake of energy, protein, and several micronutrients is frequently reported among them. Moreover, they are anticipated to have unhealthy dietary behavior. In conclusion, the findings suggested that children with intellectual or developmental disabilities were at higher risk of malnutrition including deploying obesity and nutritional deficiencies. Healthy and balanced nutrition that considers dietary requirements and food preferences is critical to maintaining the optimal development of these children. This review could invite researchers and policy-makers in Saudi Arabia to put more effort into integrating individuals with disability into the healthcare system and community. Further research is required to determine the types of intervention measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of malnutrition. Additional action is needed to monitor the implementation of national policies and programs that target this part of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Sports Sciences & Physical Activity, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem M Alshwaiyat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jozaa Z ALTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Sports Sciences & Physical Activity, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh M AlSalehi
- Child Development Center, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed I Al Zarah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan F Alfaiz
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameera I Alhariqi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal F Alshamri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura A AlSouan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain A AlMousa
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Stepanyan A, Petrackova A, Hakobyan S, Savara J, Davitavyan S, Kriegova E, Arakelyan A. Long-term environmental metal exposure is associated with hypomethylation of CpG sites in NFKB1 and other genes related to oncogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:126. [PMID: 37550793 PMCID: PMC10405444 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term environmental exposure to metals leads to epigenetic changes and may increase risks to human health. The relationship between the type and level of metal exposure and epigenetic changes in subjects exposed to high concentrations of metals in the environment is not yet clear. The aim of our study is to find the possible association of environmental long-term exposure to metals with DNA methylation changes of genes related to immune response and carcinogenesis. We investigated the association of plasma levels of 21 essential and non-essential metals detected by ICP-MS and the methylation level of 654 CpG sites located on NFKB1, CDKN2A, ESR1, APOA5, IGF2 and H19 genes assessed by targeted bisulfite sequencing in a cohort of 40 subjects living near metal mining area and 40 unexposed subjects. Linear regression was conducted to find differentially methylated positions with adjustment for gender, age, BMI class, smoking and metal concentration. RESULTS In the metal-exposed group, five CpGs in the NFKB1 promoter region were hypomethylated compared to unexposed group. Four differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were associated with multiple metals, two of them are located on NFKB1 gene, and one each on CDKN2A gene and ESR1 gene. Two DMPs located on NFKB1 (chr4:102500951, associated with Be) and IGF2 (chr11:2134198, associated with U) are associated with specific metal levels. The methylation status of the seven CpGs located on NFKB1 (3), ESR1 (2) and CDKN2A (2) positively correlated with plasma levels of seven metals (As, Sb, Zn, Ni, U, I and Mn). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed methylation changes in NFKB1, CDKN2A, IGF2 and ESR1 genes in individuals with long-term human exposure to metals. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of environmental metal exposure on epigenetic mechanisms and pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Stepanyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
| | - Anna Petrackova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Siras Hakobyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Jakub Savara
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Suren Davitavyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
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Akash MSH, Yaqoob A, Rehman K, Imran M, Assiri MA, Al-Rashed F, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R, Sindhu S. Metabolomics: a promising tool for deciphering metabolic impairment in heavy metal toxicities. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1218497. [PMID: 37484533 PMCID: PMC10357477 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1218497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are the metal compounds found in earth's crust and have densities higher than that of water. Common heavy metals include the lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, manganese, chromium, nickel, and aluminum. Their environmental levels are consistently rising above the permissible limits and they are highly toxic as enter living systems via inhalation, ingestion, or inoculation. Prolonged exposures cause the disruption of metabolism, altered gene and/or protein expression, and dysregulated metabolite profiles. Metabolomics is a state of the art analytical tool widely used for pathomolecular inv22estigations, biomarkers, drug discovery and validation of biotransformation pathways in the fields of biomedicine, nutrition, agriculture, and industry. Here, we overview studies using metabolomics as a dynamic tool to decipher the mechanisms of metabolic impairment related to heavy metal toxicities caused by the environmental or experimental exposures in different living systems. These investigations highlight the key role of metabolomics in identifying perturbations in pathways of lipid and amino acid metabolism, with a critical role of oxidative stress in metabolic impairment. We present the conclusions with future perspectives on metabolomics applications in meeting emerging needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azka Yaqoob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
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Dufault RJ, Crider RA, Deth RC, Schnoll R, Gilbert SG, Lukiw WJ, Hitt AL. Higher rates of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in American children: Are food quality issues impacting epigenetic inheritance? World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:25-37. [PMID: 37034430 PMCID: PMC10075020 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, schools offer special education services to children who are diagnosed with a learning or neurodevelopmental disorder and have difficulty meeting their learning goals. Pediatricians may play a key role in helping children access special education services. The number of children ages 6-21 in the United States receiving special education services increased 10.4% from 2006 to 2021. Children receiving special education services under the autism category increased 242% during the same period. The demand for special education services for children under the developmental delay and other health impaired categories increased by 184% and 83% respectively. Although student enrollment in American schools has remained stable since 2006, the percentage distribution of children receiving special education services nearly tripled for the autism category and quadrupled for the developmental delay category by 2021. Allowable heavy metal residues remain persistent in the American food supply due to food ingredient manufacturing processes. Numerous clinical trial data indicate heavy metal exposures and poor diet are the primary epigenetic factors responsible for the autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder epidemics. Dietary heavy metal exposures, especially inorganic mercury and lead may impact gene behavior across generations. In 2021, the United States Congress found heavy metal residues problematic in the American food supply but took no legislative action. Mandatory health warning labels on select foods may be the only way to reduce dietary heavy metal exposures and improve child learning across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Dufault
- Department of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, United States
| | - Raquel A Crider
- Department of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
| | - Richard C Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, United States
| | - Roseanne Schnoll
- Department of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of CUNY, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States
| | - Steven G Gilbert
- Department of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
- Department of Research, Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Amanda L Hitt
- Food Integrity Campaign, Government Accountability Project, Columbia, WA 20006, United States
- Department of Legal, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
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Svoboda LK, Perera BPU, Morgan RK, Polemi KM, Pan J, Dolinoy DC. Toxicoepigenetics and Environmental Health: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1293-1311. [PMID: 35876266 PMCID: PMC9812000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly growing field of toxicoepigenetics seeks to understand how toxicant exposures interact with the epigenome to influence disease risk. Toxicoepigenetics is a promising field of environmental health research, as integrating epigenetics into the field of toxicology will enable a more thorough evaluation of toxicant-induced disease mechanisms as well as the elucidation of the role of the epigenome as a biomarker of exposure and disease and possible mediator of exposure effects. Likewise, toxicoepigenetics will enhance our knowledge of how environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and diet interact to influence health. Ultimately, an understanding of how the environment impacts the epigenome to cause disease may inform risk assessment, permit noninvasive biomonitoring, and provide potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. However, the translation of research from this exciting field into benefits for human and animal health presents several challenges and opportunities. Here, we describe four significant areas in which we see opportunity to transform the field and improve human health by reducing the disease burden caused by environmental exposures. These include (1) research into the mechanistic role for epigenetic change in environment-induced disease, (2) understanding key factors influencing vulnerability to the adverse effects of environmental exposures, (3) identifying appropriate biomarkers of environmental exposures and their associated diseases, and (4) determining whether the adverse effects of environment on the epigenome and human health are reversible through pharmacologic, dietary, or behavioral interventions. We then highlight several initiatives currently underway to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bambarendage P U Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel K Morgan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katelyn M Polemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Junru Pan
- Department Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Madrid E, Gonzalez-Miranda I, Muñoz S, Rejas C, Cardemil F, Martinez F, Cortes JP, Berasaluce M, Párraga M. Arsenic concentration in topsoil of central Chile is associated with aberrant methylation of P53 gene in human blood cells: a cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48250-48259. [PMID: 35188613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression can be modified in people who are chronically exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals. The soil surrounding the Ventanas Industrial Complex, located on the coastal zone of Puchuncaví and Quintero townships (Chile), contain heavy metal concentrations (As, Cu, Pb, Zn, among others) that far exceed international standards. The aim of this study was to determine the potential association of the heavy metals in soils, especially arsenic, with the status of methylation of four tumor suppressor genes in permanent residents in those townships. To study the methylation status in genes p53, p16, APC, and RASSF1A, we took blood samples from adults living in areas near the industrial complex for at least 5 years and compared it to blood samples from adults living in areas with normal heavy metal concentrations of soils. Results indicated that inhabitants of an area with high levels of heavy metals in soil have a significantly higher proportion of methylation in the promoter region of the p53 tumor suppressor gene compared with control areas (p-value: 0.0035). This is the first study to consider associations between heavy metal exposure in humans and aberrant DNA methylation in Chile. Our results suggest more research to support consistent decision-making on processes of environmental remediation or prevention of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Madrid
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL) - Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Miranda
- Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales (Ceres), Quillota, Valparaíso, Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Department of Public Health-CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Rejas
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Cardemil
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Martinez
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | - Maite Berasaluce
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL) - Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mario Párraga
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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