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Suma S. Editing of 3D images in echocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve: Is there any correlation with photography? Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15798. [PMID: 38516863 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Editing of 3D raw images acquired during transesophageal echocardiography could be similar to the post processing of raw images with digital software used in photography. 3D image editing in echocardiography is often underestimated in clinical practice, and people are satisfied with the first 3D image they are able to obtain during transesophageal examination. In fact, it is often believed to represent solely an aesthetic addition that does not change the information already obtained with 2D and baseline 3D. In reality, it represents a crucial moment to better understand the mechanisms of mitral pathology, avoiding artifacts and misjudgments. The importance of acquiring raw 3D images of the valve having all the necessary information (ring, the leaflet in toto, the right frame rate) allows us then to edit them making them more beautiful and clearer from the point of view of the information received. Nevertheless, by exclusively acquiring a raw 3D with all the necessary information, we can quickly finish the transesophageal examination, reducing its duration and discomfort for the patient, as well as the inherent risk of complications related to the procedure per se.
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Tomoaia R, Beyer RȘ, Dădârlat-Pop A, Șerban AM, Pop D, Zdrenghea D, Flachskampf FA. Novel 3D versus traditional transesophageal echocardiography techniques: Defining differences in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14103. [PMID: 37815038 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the availability of current antibiotic and surgical treatment options, infective endocarditis (IE) remains associated with a high mortality rate. Even though two-dimensional (2D) transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is a major criteria in the diagnosis of IE, it is constrained by the single-plane orientation. Since three-dimensional (3D) TOE provides a comprehensive understanding of the cardiac architecture by allowing for a realistic visualization of the underlying structures in 3D space, it has attracted considerable interest in recent years. AIM The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the advantages and pitfalls of 3D TOE in patients with IE, as well as to address emerging photo-realistic 3D techniques that have the potential to enhance the visualization of cardiac structures in this setting. RESULTS According to recent research, 3D TOE acquisitions outperform 2D acquisitions in terms of vegetation identification accuracy and embolism risk assessment. By reporting a variety of findings that are missed with 2D TOE, but which are validated by surgical examination, 3D TOE further improves the ability to identify endocarditis complications on both native and prosthetic valves. In addition to conventional 3D TOE, future developments in 3D technology led to the development of transillumination and tissue-transparency rendering, which may improve anatomical understanding and depth perception. Due to the use of both conventional and novel 3D techniques, there are more patients who require surgical intervention, indicating that 3D TOE may have a clinical relevance on the surgical management. CONCLUSION 3D TOE might fill the gaps left by 2D TOE in the diagnosis of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Tomoaia
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Heart Institute "N. Stăncioiu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Alexandra Dădârlat-Pop
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Heart Institute "N. Stăncioiu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Mihaela Șerban
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Heart Institute "N. Stăncioiu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Pop
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dumitru Zdrenghea
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Frank Arnold Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Karsenty C, Hadeed K, Pyra P, Guitarte A, Djeddai C, Vincent R, Dulac Y, Silagdze I, Gobin J, Combes N, Ratsimandresy M, Berthomieu L, Calvaruso D, Acar P. Advancing paediatric cardiac imaging: a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility and accuracy of a novel 3D paediatric transoesophageal probe. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1294109. [PMID: 38116539 PMCID: PMC10728472 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1294109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Pediatric transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) probes have remained two-dimensional (2D) limiting their use compared to adults. While critical in pediatrics for interventions and post-surgery assessments, technological advancements introduced a three-dimensional (3D) pediatric TOE probe. This study assessed the new 3D pediatric TOE probe (GE 9VT-D) for feasibility, handling, and imaging quality. Methods and results At Children's Hospital of Toulouse, 2-month prospective study enrolled children undergoing TOE with the new probe. All imaging modalities were rated by 2 operators using a 5-point Likert-type scale from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good) quality. Forty-five children, median age 3.7 (range: 2 months-14.7 years) median weight 7.8 kg (range: 4.3-48 kg) underwent 60 TOEs: 25% pre-surgery, 45% post-surgery, 28% during percutaneous procedures, and 2% in intensive care. Probe handling was "very easy" in all cases without adverse events. The median score of 2D, 2D colour, pulsed Doppler and 3D were noted 5 out of 5 and continuous Doppler and 3D colour 4 out of 5. The 3D image quality remained consistent irrespective of the patient weighing above or below 7.8 kg (p = 0.72). Postoperative TOEs identified two cases needing further interventions, emphasizing its value in evaluating surgical outcomes and also for guiding percutaneous interventions. Conclusion Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that the new 3D pediatric TOE probe is feasible and provides high-quality imaging in pediatric patients. The successful integration of this novel probe into clinical practice has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and procedural planning, ultimately optimizing patient outcomes in pediatric cardiac care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Karsenty
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires [Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases], University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Khaled Hadeed
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierrick Pyra
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Aitor Guitarte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Camelia Djeddai
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Vincent
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dulac
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Ia Silagdze
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Gobin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Combes
- Department of Cardiology, Clinique Pasteur [Pasteur Clinic], Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lionel Berthomieu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Davide Calvaruso
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Acar
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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