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Gillis K, Bala G, Roosens B, Remory I, Hernot S, Droogmans S, Cosyns B. Quantification of Calcium Amount in a New Experimental Model: A Comparison between Ultrasound and Computed Tomography. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148904. [PMID: 26859304 PMCID: PMC4747484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Calcification is an important prognostic factor in aortic valve stenosis. However, there is no ultrasound (US) method available to accurately quantify calcification in this setting to date. We aimed to validate a new US method for measuring the amount of calcium in an in vitro model, and compare it to computed tomography (CT), the current imaging gold standard. Materials and Methods An agar phantom (2% agar) was made, containing 9 different amounts of calcium-hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH (2 to 50mg). The phantoms were imaged with micro-CT and US (10 MHz probe). The calcium area (areacalcium) and its maximum pixel value (PVmax) were obtained. These values were summed to calculate CT and US calcium scores (∑(areacalcium × PVmax)) and volumes (∑areacalcium). Both US- and CT-calcium scores were compared with the calcium amounts, and with each other. Results Both calcium scores correlated significantly with the calcium amount (R2 = 0.9788, p<0.0001 and R2 = 0.8154, p<0.0001 for CT and US respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between US and CT for calcium volumes (R2 = 0.7392, p<0.0001) and scores (R2 = 0.7391, p<0.0001). Conclusion We developed a new US method that accurately quantifies the amount of calcium in an in vitro model. Moreover it is strongly correlated with CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Gillis
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Centrum voor Hart- en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussel, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Gezim Bala
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Centrum voor Hart- en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Bram Roosens
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Centrum voor Hart- en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Isabel Remory
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Droogmans
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Centrum voor Hart- en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI) laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Centrum voor Hart- en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussel, Belgium
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