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Deng S, Wheeler G, Toussaint N, Munroe L, Bhattacharya S, Sajith G, Lin E, Singh E, Chu KYK, Kabir S, Pushparajah K, Simpson JM, Schnabel JA, Gomez A. A Virtual Reality System for Improved Image-Based Planning of Complex Cardiac Procedures. J Imaging 2021; 7:151. [PMID: 34460787 PMCID: PMC8404926 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7080151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate nature of congenital heart disease requires understanding of the complex, patient-specific three-dimensional dynamic anatomy of the heart, from imaging data such as three-dimensional echocardiography for successful outcomes from surgical and interventional procedures. Conventional clinical systems use flat screens, and therefore, display remains two-dimensional, which undermines the full understanding of the three-dimensional dynamic data. Additionally, the control of three-dimensional visualisation with two-dimensional tools is often difficult, so used only by imaging specialists. In this paper, we describe a virtual reality system for immersive surgery planning using dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography, which enables fast prototyping for visualisation such as volume rendering, multiplanar reformatting, flow visualisation and advanced interaction such as three-dimensional cropping, windowing, measurement, haptic feedback, automatic image orientation and multiuser interactions. The available features were evaluated by imaging and nonimaging clinicians, showing that the virtual reality system can help improve the understanding and communication of three-dimensional echocardiography imaging and potentially benefit congenital heart disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Gavin Wheeler
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Nicolas Toussaint
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Lindsay Munroe
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Suryava Bhattacharya
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Gina Sajith
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Ei Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Eeshar Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Ka Yee Kelly Chu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Saleha Kabir
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - John M. Simpson
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - Julia A. Schnabel
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Gomez
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EU, UK; (S.D.); (G.W.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (G.S.); (E.L.); (E.S.); (K.Y.K.C.); (K.P.); (J.M.S.); (J.A.S.)
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