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Köhne M, Behrens CS, Stüdemann T, von Bibra C, Querdel E, Shibamiya A, Geertz B, Olfe J, Hüners I, Jockenhövel S, Hübler M, Eschenhagen T, Sachweh JS, Weinberger F, Biermann D. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6537620. [PMID: 35218664 PMCID: PMC9373941 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Köhne
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Sophie Behrens
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Stüdemann
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Bibra
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Querdel
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aya Shibamiya
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Geertz
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Olfe
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Hüners
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhövel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (Biotex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Hübler
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Siegmar Sachweh
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Biermann
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany. Tel: +49-40-7410-58221; e-mail: (D. Biermann)
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Buendía-Fuentes F, Gordon-Ramírez B, Subirà LD, Merás P, Gallego P, González A, Prieto-Arévalo R, Segura T, Rodríguez-Puras MJ, Montserrat S, Sarnago-Cebada F, Alonso-García A, Oliver JM, Rueda-Soriano J. LONG TERM OUTCOMES OF ADULTS WITH SINGLE VENTRICLE PHYSIOLOGY NOT UNDERGOING FONTAN REPAIR: A MULTICENTRE EXPERIENCE. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:1111-1120. [PMID: 34118376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe long-term survival and cardiovascular events in adult patients with single ventricle physiology (SVP) without Fontan palliation, focusing on predictors of mortality and comparing groups according to their cardiovascular physiology. METHODS Multicentre, observational and retrospective study including adult patients with SVP without Fontan palliation since their first adult clinic visit. The cohort was subdivided into three groups. (Eisenmenger - Restricted Pulmonary flow - Aortopulmonary shunt) Death was considered the main endpoint. Other clinical outcomes occurring during follow-up were considered as secondary endpoints. RESULTS 146 patients, mean age 32.5±11.1 years were analysed. Over a mean follow-up of 7.3 ± 4.1 years, 33 patients (22.6%) died. Survival was 86% and 74% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Right ventricular morphology was not associated with higher mortality. Four variables at baseline were related to a higher mortality (at least moderate AV valve regurgitation, platelet count <150 × 10 3 /mm 3 , GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m 2 and QRS >120ms). 34.2% of patients were admitted to the hospital due to heart failure, and 7.5% received a heart transplant. Other cardiovascular outcomes were also frequent (atrial arrhythmias: 19.2%, stroke: 15.1%, pacemaker/ICD: 6.2%/2.7%). CONCLUSIONS Adult patients with SVP who had not undergone Fontan exhibit a high mortality rate and frequent major cardiovascular events. At least moderate AV valve regurgitation, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction and QRS duration >120 ms at baseline visit allow identification of a cohort of patients at higher risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Buendía-Fuentes
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe. CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Gordon-Ramírez
- Unitat Integrada de Cardiopaties Congènites de l'Adolescent i l'Adult Vall d'Hebron-Sant Pau. Department of Cardiology. Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Dos Subirà
- Unitat Integrada de Cardiopaties Congènites de l'Adolescent i l'Adult Vall d'Hebron-Sant Pau. Department of Cardiology. Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus. Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV. Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Merás
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pastora Gallego
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio. Instituto de BioMedicina de Sevilla. CIBERCV, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana González
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Prieto-Arévalo
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Segura
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Puras
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio. Instituto de BioMedicina de Sevilla. CIBERCV, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Silvia Montserrat
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona. Institut clinic Cardiovascular. IDIBAPS. CIBERCV. Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Alonso-García
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Oliver
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rueda-Soriano
- ACHD Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe. CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain
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Alsoufi B. Commentary: There are no facts, only interpretations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:411-412. [PMID: 34020805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahaaldin Alsoufi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, Ky.
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Callahan CP, Jegatheeswaran A, Barron DJ, Husain SA, Eghtesady P, Welke KF, Caldarone CA, Overman DM, Kirklin JK, Jacobs ML, Lambert LM, DeCampli WM, McCrindle BW. Factors associated with mortality or transplantation versus Fontan completion after cavopulmonary shunt for patients with tricuspid atresia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:399-409.e6. [PMID: 34045062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tricuspid atresia with normally related great vessels (TA) is considered the optimal substrate for the Fontan pathway. The factors associated with death or transplantation after cavopulmonary shunt (CPS) are underappreciated. We aimed to determine factors associated with CPS-Fontan interstage death/transplantation versus transition to Fontan in TA. METHODS A total of 417 infants younger than 3 months of age with TA were enrolled (January 1999 to February 2020) from 40 institutions into the Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society TA cohort. Parametric competing risk methodology was used to determine factors associated with the competing end points of death/transplantation without Fontan completion, and transition to Fontan. RESULTS CPS was performed in 382 patients with TA; of those, 5% died or underwent transplantation without transition to Fontan and 91% transitioned to Fontan by 5 years after CPS. Prenatal diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; P < .001) and pulmonary artery band (PAB) at CPS (HR, 0.50; P < .001) were negatively associated with Fontan completion. Preoperative moderate or greater mitral valve regurgitation (HR, 3.0; P < .001), concomitant mitral valve repair (HR, 11.0; P < .001), PAB at CPS (HR, 3.0; P < .001), postoperative superior vena cava interventions (HR, 9.0; P < .001), and CPS takedown (HR, 40.0; P < .001) were associated with death/transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The mortality rate after CPS in patients with TA is notable. Those with preoperative mitral valve regurgitation remain a high-risk group. PAB at the time of CPS being associated with both increased risk of death and decreased Fontan completion may represent a deleterious effect of antegrade pulmonary blood flow in the CPS circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor P Callahan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Anusha Jegatheeswaran
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - David J Barron
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S Adil Husain
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Pirooz Eghtesady
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Karl F Welke
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC
| | | | - David M Overman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Mayo Clinic-Children's Minnesota Cardiovascular Collaborative, Rochester, Minn
| | - James K Kirklin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Marshall L Jacobs
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Linda M Lambert
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - William M DeCampli
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Fla
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
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Fate of patients with single ventricles who do not undergo the Fontan procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:25-33. [PMID: 33609544 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fontan procedure, the last of a series of palliative operations for patients born with single ventricles, is associated with a significant late burden of complications. There are other strategies for patients who are suboptimal candidates for Fontan completion, however the long-term outcomes of these different surgical options have not been clearly elucidated. We performed a systematic literature review to establish the current role of other treatment approaches besides the Fontan procedure. METHODS MEDLINE and Embase databases were systematically searched for articles describing the long-term outcomes of patients with single ventricles who have not received the Fontan procedure. RESULTS A total of 36 articles met all inclusion criteria. There is a scarcity of contemporary data on the non-Fontan cohort. Historical studies provided a significant contribution. CONCLUSIONS Long-term survival in unoperated patients with single ventricles is possible under the rare conditions of having balanced hemodynamics. Up to half of patients may survive on only a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt or bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt for over 20 years with reasonable functional status. In patients with a failing single ventricle, the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt is an excellent bridge to heart transplantation and may provide better post-transplant survival than those with a Fontan circulation. Currently, the Fontan procedure continues to be the best definitive palliation for patients born with single ventricle lesions. However, for those with borderline indications, other strategies should be carefully considered.
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Ferns SJ, Zein CE, Subramanian S, Husayni T, Ilbawi MN. Post-Fontan pulmonary artery growth in patients with a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt with additional antegrade pulsatile blood flow. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2020; 29:743-750. [DOI: 10.1177/0218492320984095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with antegrade pulmonary blood flow after a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (Glenn) may have better pulmonary artery growth. This study evaluated pulmonary artery growth in patients with and without prior additional pulsatile antegrade flow in a Glenn shunt at midterm follow-up after a Fontan procedure. Methods We reviewed 212 patients who had single-ventricle palliation in a 10-year period;103 (33 in pulsatile group 1 and 70 in nonpulsatile group 2) were selected for analysis. Data on demographics, procedures, perioperative course, and midterm follow-up after the Fontan procedure were compared. Echocardiography data were collected. Pulmonary artery sizes measured at cardiac catheterization and follow-up echocardiograms were used to calculate the Nakata index. Results Perioperative details were comparable in both groups, mean pulmonary artery pressure and systemic oxygen saturations were higher in group 1 compared to group 2. Venovenous collaterals were increased in group 1. There was a significant difference in the pre-Fontan and follow-up Nakata index between groups. There was a significant increase in the Nakata index in group 1 between the pre-Glenn and pre-Fontan assessments as well as the Nakata index between the pre-Fontan and midterm follow-up. There was no significant change in the Nakata index in group 2 between assessments. Conclusions A pulsatile Glenn shunt is associated with better pulmonary artery growth which continues long after the additional pulsatile flow is eliminated. It is possible that the effects of anterograde pulmonary blood flow on pulmonary artery growth in early life continue long after the Fontan completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita J Ferns
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA
| | - Chawki El Zein
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA
| | - Sujata Subramanian
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA
| | - Tarek Husayni
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA
| | - Michel N Ilbawi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA
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Risk factors for morbidity and mortality after a bidirectional Glenn shunt in Northern Thailand. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 69:451-457. [PMID: 32783183 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Owing to the evolution of surgical techniques, the survival rate of patients undergoing a bidirectional Glenn shunt has improved. However, the morbidity and mortality are still high. The aims of this study were to determine the survival rate and risk factors influencing the morbidity and mortality in patients with a functional univentricular heart after a bidirectional Glenn shunt. METHODS One hundred and fifty-one patients who had undergone a bidirectional Glenn operation were enrolled. Early worse outcomes were defined as postoperative death within 30 days and a hospital stay ≥ 30 days. RESULTS The median age was 7.1 years (range 0.3-26 years). The median age at the time of the Glenn operation was 2.2 years (range 0.2-15.9 years). The survival rates of patients at 1-, 5-, 10- and 15-year after the Glenn operation were 89%, 79%, 75%, and 72%, respectively. The predictors for the mortality were preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 17 mmHg, preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance index ≥ 3.1 Wood Units·m2 and atrioventricular valve regurgitation. In addition, the independent predictors of an early worse outcome included preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 17 mmHg and diaphragmatic paralysis. CONCLUSION The presence of preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation, preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 17 mmHg, preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance index ≥ 3.1 Wood Units·m2, or diaphragmatic paralysis were found to be independent risk factors requiring the good patients' selection for the Glenn operation and early aggressive management of the diaphragmatic paralysis for reducing morbidity to ensure successful candidature for Fontan completion.
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Choi RS, DiNardo JA, Brown ML. Superior Cavopulmonary Connection: Its Physiology, Limitations, and Anesthetic Implications. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 24:337-348. [PMID: 32646291 DOI: 10.1177/1089253220939361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) or "bidirectional Glenn" is an integral, intermediate stage in palliation of single ventricle patients to the Fontan procedure. The procedure, normally performed at 3 to 6 months of life, increases effective pulmonary blood flow and reduces the ventricular volume load in patients with single ventricle (parallel circulation) physiology. While the SCPC, with or without additional sources of pulmonary blood flow, cannot be considered a long-term palliation strategy, there are a subset of patients who require SCPC palliation for a longer interval than the typical patient. In this article, we will review the physiology of SCPC, the consequences of prolonged SCPC palliation, and modes of failure. We will also discuss strategies to augment pulmonary blood flow in the presence of an SCPC. The anesthetic considerations in SCPC patients will also be discussed, as these patients may present for noncardiac surgery from infancy to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray S Choi
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen X, Yuan H, Liu J, Zhang N, Zhou C, Huang M, Jian Q, Zhuang J. Hemodynamic Effects of Additional Pulmonary Blood Flow on Glenn and Fontan Circulation. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:268-282. [PMID: 32072439 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Additional pulmonary blood flow (APBF) can provide better pulsating blood flow and systemic arterial oxygen saturation, while low blood pulsation and low oxygen saturation are defects of the Fontan and Glenn procedure. Studying the hemodynamic effect of APBF is beneficial for clinical decisions. This study aimed to explore the effect on particle washout, as well as the differences among the sensitivities of both different hemodynamic parameters and different procedures to APBF. METHODS The patient-specific clinical datasets of a patient who underwent bilateral bidirectional Glenn (BBDG) with APBF were enrolled in this study, and using these datasets, Glenn- and Fontan-type artery models were reconstructed. A series of parameters, including the total caval flow pulsatility index (TCPI), indexed energy loss (iPL), wall shear stress (WSS), systemic arterial oxygen saturation (Satart), particle washout time (WOT), pressure in the right superior vena cava (PRSVC), pulmonary flow distribution (PFD) and hepatic flow distribution (HFD), were computed from computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation to evaluate the hemodynamic effect of APBF. RESULTS The result showed that APBF led to better iPL and Satart but worse PRSVC and heart load accompanied by a great impact on HFD, making hepatic flow easier to perfuse the side without MPA and APBF. The increase in the APBF rate also effectively results in larger flow pulsation, region velocity, and wall shear stress and lower WOT, and this effect may be more effective for patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). However, APBF might have little effect on PFD. Furthermore, APBF might affect WOT, iPL and HFD more significantly than PRSVC and has a greater improvement effect in patients with poorer iPL and WOT. CONCLUSIONS Moderate APBF is not only a measure to promote pulmonary artery growth and systemic arterial oxygen saturation but also an effective method against endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. However, moderate APBF is patient-specific and should be determined based on hemodynamic preference that leads to desired patient outcomes, and care should be taken to prevent PRSVC and heart load from being too high as well as an imbalance in HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Haiyun Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Neichuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chengbin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Meiping Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifei Jian
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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3D Simulation Analysis of Central Shunt in Patient-Specific Hemodynamics: Effects of Varying Degree of Pulmonary Artery Stenosis and Shunt Diameters. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4720908. [PMID: 32148557 PMCID: PMC7042498 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4720908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different shunt diameters and pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis grades on the hemodynamics of central shunts to determine an optimal surgical plan and improve the long-term outcomes of the operation. A 3D anatomical model was reconstructed based on the patient's clinical CT data. 3D computational fluid dynamics models were built with varying degrees of stenosis (the stenosis ratio α was represented by the ratio of blood flow through the main pulmonary artery to cardiac output, ranging from 0 to 30%; the smaller the value of α, the more severe the pulmonary artery stenosis) and varying shunt diameters (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 mm). Our results show that the asymmetry of pulmonary artery flow increased with increasing shunt diameter and α, which will be more conducive to the development of the left pulmonary artery. Additionally, the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (QP/QS) increases with the shunt diameter and α, and all the values exceed 1. When the shunt diameter is 3 mm and α = 0%, QP/QS reaches the minimum value of 1.01, and the oxygen delivery reaches the maximum value of 205.19 ml/min. However, increasing shunt diameter and α is beneficial to reduced power loss and smoother PA flow. In short, for patients with severe PA stenosis (α is small), a larger-diameter shunt may be preferred. Conversely, when the degree of PA stenosis is moderate, a smaller shunt diameter can be considered.
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Ordonez M, Tulloh R. Can we avoid the complications of the Fontan operation in those with suboptimal anatomy? Int J Cardiol 2019; 302:43-44. [PMID: 31864790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ordonez
- Bristol Heart Institute and University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Robert Tulloh
- Bristol Heart Institute and University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK.
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Palliative Operations for Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease with Severely Asymmetrical Pulmonary Arteries. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 29:780-784. [PMID: 31147189 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgically managing patients with complex congenital heart disease and severely asymmetrical pulmonary arteries is challenging. Here, we report our experience using combined palliative procedures. METHOD The medical records of 28 patients with complex congenital heart disease and severely asymmetrical pulmonary arteries who underwent combined palliative procedures between January 2004 and April 2013 were retrospectively reviewed until January 2018. The patients were divided into three groups according to shunt procedure timing: in group A (n = 15), cavopulmonary and systemic-pulmonary shunting were performed simultaneously; in group B (n = 11), systemic-pulmonary shunting was performed first; and in group C (n = 2), cavopulmonary shunt was performed first. Patients were followed for a mean ± standard deviation of 4.18 ± 2.22 years. RESULTS No operative deaths occurred. There were no postoperative complications in groups B or C, but there was one case of pulmonary effusion and one of chylothorax in group A. The superior vena cava pressures were higher in patients in groups A and B than in those in group C. The ventilatory support duration and intensive care unit stays were longer in group A than in groups B and C (p < 0.01). Hypoplastic pulmonary artery development significantly improved after the use of three systemic-pulmonary shunts (p < 0.05), while the peripheral oxygen saturation increased from 67%±17% preoperatively to 85%±8% postoperatively (p < 0.001). Haemoglobin concentration decreased from 190 ± 34 g/L preoperatively to 136 ± 26 g/L postoperatively (p < 0.001). Two patients underwent double ventricle correction. Two patients underwent Fontan procedure. One patient underwent one and a half ventricle correction. One patient underwent collateral occlusion. CONCLUSIONS Combined palliative procedures can achieve acceptable arterial oxygen saturation without extra volume loading and rescue the hypoplastic pulmonary artery.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED BackgroundsThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of age at bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis on haemodynamics after total cavopulmonary connection. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive patients who underwent total cavopulmonary connection from 2010 to 2014. All patients had previously undergone bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. These patients were classified into two groups according to age at bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis: younger group, 6 months (n=67). RESULTS The proportion of hypoplastic left heart syndrome was higher in the younger group (48 versus 4%). After total cavopulmonary connection, the chest tube period was longer in the younger group (10.1±6.6 versus 6.7±4.5 days; p=0.009). Catheterisation 6 months after total cavopulmonary connection revealed that pulmonary artery pressure was higher (11.5±1.9 versus 10.4±2.1 mmHg; p=0.017) and Nakata index was lower (219±79 versus 256±70 mm2/m2; p=0.024) in the younger group. In patients with a non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome, there was no difference in post-operative haemodynamics between two groups, but the total amount of chest drainage after total cavopulmonary connection was larger in the younger group (109±95 versus 55±40 ml/kg; p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS Early bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis did not affect the outcome of total cavopulmonary connection. Longer chest tube period, smaller pulmonary artery, and higher pulmonary artery pressure after total cavopulmonary connection were recognised in early bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis patients, especially in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
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Chacon-Portillo MA, Zea-Vera R, Zhu H, Dickerson HA, Adachi I, Heinle JS, Fraser CD, Mery CM. Pulsatile Glenn as long-term palliation for single ventricle physiology patients. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2018; 13:927-934. [PMID: 30280502 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are limited studies analyzing pulsatile Glenn as a long-term palliation strategy for single ventricle patients. This study sought to determine their outcomes at a single institution. DESIGN A retrospective review was performed. SETTING Study performed at a single pediatric hospital. PATIENTS All single ventricle patients who underwent pulsatile Glenn from 1995 to 2016 were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Pulsatile Glenn failure was defined as takedown, transplant, or death. Further palliation was defined as Fontan, 1.5, or biventricular repair. Risk factors were assessed by Cox multivariable competing risk analyses. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients underwent pulsatile Glenn at age 9 months (interquartile range, 5-14). In total, 28% had heterotaxy, 18% had a genetic syndrome, and 24% had an abnormal inferior vena cava. There were 3 (4%) perioperative mortalities. Further palliation was performed in 41 (53%) patients with a median time-to-palliation of 4 years (interquartile range, 3-5). Pulsatile Glenn failure occurred in 10 (13%) patients with 8 total mortalities. Five- and 10-year transplant-free survival were 91% and 84%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 6 years (interquartile range, 2-8), 27 patients (35%) remained with PG (age 7 years [interquartile range, 3-11], oxygen saturation 83% ± 4%). Preoperative moderate-severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) (hazard ratio 7.77; 95% confidence interval 1.80-33.43; P =.005) and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (hazard ratio 2.59; 95% confidence interval 1.08-6.15; P =.031) were predictors of pulsatile Glenn failure after adjusting for covariates. Reaching further palliation was less likely in patients with preoperative moderate-severe AVVR (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.59; P =.002). CONCLUSION Pulsatile Glenn can be an effective tool to be used in challenging circumstances, these patients can have a favorable long-term prognosis without reducing their suitability for further palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Chacon-Portillo
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodrigo Zea-Vera
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Huirong Zhu
- Outcomes and Impact Service, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather A Dickerson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Iki Adachi
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey S Heinle
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles D Fraser
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos M Mery
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Mosca RS. Super Glenn: Able to Defeat Recalcitrant Pulmonary Vascular Adversaries? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 30:189-190. [PMID: 29684550 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph S Mosca
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
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Si B, Qiao B, Yang G, Zhu M, Zhao F, Wang T, Li N, Ji X, Ding G. Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Additional Pulmonary Blood Flow on Patient-Specific Bilateral Bidirectional Glenn Hemodynamics. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2018; 9:193-201. [PMID: 29359262 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-018-0341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of additional pulmonary blood flow (APBF) on the hemodynamics of bilateral bidirectional Glenn (BBDG) connection was marginally discussed in previous studies. This study assessed this effect using patient-specific numerical simulation. A 15-year-old female patient who underwent BBDG was enrolled in this study. Patient-specific anatomy, flow waveforms, and pressure tracings were obtained using computed tomography, Doppler ultrasound technology, and catheterization, respectively. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed to assess flow field and derived hemodynamic metrics of the BBDG connection with various APBF. APBF showed noticeable effects on the hemodynamics of the BBDG connection. It suppressed flow mixing in the connection, which resulted in a more antegrade flow structure. Also, as the APBF rate increases, both power loss and reflux in superior venae cavae (SVCs) monotonically increases while the flow ratio of the right to the left pulmonary artery (RPA/LPA) monotonically decreases. However, a non-monotonic relationship was observed between the APBF rate and indexed power loss. A high APBF rate may result in a good flow ratio of RPA/LPA but with the side effect of bad power loss and remarkable reflux in SVCs, and vice versa. A moderate APBF rate could be favourable because it leads to an optimal indexed power loss and achieves the acceptable flow ratio of RPA/LPA without causing severe power loss and reflux in SVCs. These findings suggest that patient-specific numerical simulation should be used to assist clinicians in determining an appropriate APBF rate based on desired outcomes on a patient-specific basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Si
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan Road, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.,Institute of Computational Science and Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.,Institute of Computational Science and Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Wuxi Mingci Cardiovascular Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Tongjian Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ji
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan Road, Shanghai, China.
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Casella SL, Kaza A, del Nido P, Lock JE, Marshall AC. Targeted Increase in Pulmonary Blood Flow in a Bidirectional Glenn Circulation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 30:182-188. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Nichay NR, Gorbatykh YN, Kornilov IA, Soynov IA, Kulyabin YY, Gorbatykh AV, Ivantsov SM, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV, Karaskov AM. Risk Factors For Unfavorable Outcomes After Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Anastomosis. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2017; 8:575-583. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135117728505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BCPA) is an important preliminary step toward the Fontan procedure; thus, understanding of risk factors for morbidity and mortality after BCPA may ultimately promote improved rates of success with Fontan completion and general survival. This study evaluated survival and predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients after BCPA. Methods: Clinical data of 157 patients who underwent BCPA from 2003 to 2015 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Three-year and nine-year survival after BCPA were 87.1% ± 2.8% and 85.8% ± 2.9%, respectively. Freedom from unfavorable outcomes (mortality, BCPA takedown, nonsuitability for Fontan procedure) was 83.8% ± 3.1% at three years and 73.5% ± 4.8% at nine years. Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC; hazard ratio [HR]: 3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-10.36; P = .01) and increased mean pressure in BCPA circuit (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.34; P = .03) were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes. Postoperative mean pressure in BCPA circuit in patients with poor outcomes was median 16 mm Hg (interquartile range [IQR]: 14-18 mm Hg) versus median 14 mm Hg (IQR: 12-15.5 mm Hg) in patients with favorable outcomes ( P < .01). Preoperative (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.20-2.91; P < .01) and postoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR; HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.24-3.94; P < .01) were also associated with unfavorable outcome in univariate Cox regression. Conclusions: Elevated mean pressure in the BCPA circuit is the main predictor of unfavorable outcome; therefore, thorough preoperative examination and careful patient selection are critical points for successful intermediate-stage and later Fontan completion. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and insufficient correction of AVVR worsen the prognosis in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya R. Nichay
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy N. Gorbatykh
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Kornilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A. Soynov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy Y. Kulyabin
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Artem V. Gorbatykh
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M. Ivantsov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Bogachev-Prokophiev
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M. Karaskov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Kido T, Hoashi T, Shimada M, Ohuchi H, Kurosaki K, Ichikawa H. Clinical outcomes of early scheduled Fontan completion following Kawashima operation. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 65:692-697. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-017-0812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Metras A, Fouilloux V, Al-Yamani M, Roques X, Macé L, Thambo JB, Metras D, Kreitmann B, Roubertie F. Early to mid-term results after total cavopulmonary connection performed in the second decade of life. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24:762-767. [PMID: 28453799 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) performed in the second decade of life has rarely been studied. Thus, we investigated (bicentric study) early and late morbidity and mortality following completion of TCPC in these patients. METHODS From January 1999 to June 2014, 63 patients (14.5 ± 2.9 years) underwent TCPC (extracardiac conduit). Palliation before completion was an isolated bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) in 3 patients or BCPS associated with additional pulmonary blood flow (APBF) that was either antegrade (Group 1) in 38 (63%) or retrograde (Group 2) in 22 (37%). Preoperative and perioperative data were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Mean pulmonary arterial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures were 12.2 and 9.2 mmHg, respectively. Mean Nakata index was 279 ± 123 and 228 ± 87 mm 2 /m 2 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively ( P = 0.01). Aortic cross-clamping was performed in 22 from Group 1 and 8 from Group 2 ( P = 0.04). Mean follow-up was 4.57 years [0.8-15]. Nine patients had prolonged stays in the intensive care unit (>6 days). There were 1 early and 2 late deaths (non-cardiac related). Actuarial survival was 96% at 4 years. At last follow-up, single-ventricle function remained normal or improved in all patients (Group 1) compared to 82% in Group 2 ( P = 0.02). New York Heart Association (NYHA) class had improved in both groups: 47 patients were NYHA class II and 16 class III preoperatively vs 50 class I and 10 class II postoperatively ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Single-ventricle palliation with BCPS and APBF allowed completion of TCPC in the second decade of life, with encouraging mid-term results. However, BCPS with retrograde APBF was associated with single-ventricle dysfunction: thus, this technique needs to be used cautiously as long-lasting palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Metras
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, France
| | - Virginie Fouilloux
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Mohammed Al-Yamani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, France
| | - Xavier Roques
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, France
| | - Loic Macé
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Thambo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, France
| | - Dominique Metras
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Kreitmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, France
| | - François Roubertie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, France
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Nichay NR, Gorbatykh YN, Kornilov IA, Soynov IA, Ivantsov SM, Gorbatykh AV, Ponomarev DN, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV, Karaskov AM. Bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis with additional pulmonary blood flow: good or bad pre-Fontan strategy. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24:582-589. [PMID: 28093463 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the influence of preserved additional pulmonary blood flow (APBF) on survival after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) and completion of Fontan circulation. Methods From March 2003 and April 2015, 156 patients with a single ventricle underwent BCPS. After performing propensity score analysis (1:1) for the entire sample, 50 patients with APBF (APBF group) were matched with 50 patients without APBF (no-APBF group). Results Age ( P = 0.90), sex ( P = 0.57), weight ( P = 0.75), single ventricle morphology ( P = 0.87), type of neonatal palliative procedure ( P = 0.52), saturation ( P = 0.35), ejection fraction ( P = 0.90), Nakata index ( P = 0.70) and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( P = 0.72) were not significantly different between the groups. No significant survival difference was demonstrated ( P = 0.54). One and 4-year survival rates were both 89.1% ± 4.6% in the APBF group and 87.2% ± 4.9% and 83.4% ± 5.9%, respectively, in the no-APBF group. There was no significant difference in rates of Fontan completion ( P = 0.24), which was achieved in 22 patients from the APBF group (55.0%) and 26 patients from the no-APBF group (65.0%). However, Fontan completion occurred significantly earlier in the no-APBF group ( P < 0.01). In this group, Fontan procedure was performed before 36 months of inter-stage period in 45.9% ± 8.5% of cases (95% CI 31.0-63.7%) compared to only 13.3 ± 5.6% (95% CI 5.8-29.1%) in the APBF group. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that APBF does not affect survival after BCPS or Fontan completion rate. APBF allows postponing the Fontan procedure without a negative effect on clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya R Nichay
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy N Gorbatykh
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Kornilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A Soynov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M Ivantsov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Artem V Gorbatykh
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy N Ponomarev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Alexander M Karaskov
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Sakamoto T, Nagashima M, Hiramatsu T, Matsumura G, Park IS, Yamazaki K. Fontan circulation over 30 years. What should we learn from those patients? Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016; 24:765-771. [DOI: 10.1177/0218492316667771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate Fontan circulation which was observed over 30 years. Methods Forty patients who underwent a Fontan operation between 1974 and 1986 and survived (group S, n = 20) or died in the late period (group LD, n = 20) were evaluated. The median age at operation was 10 years (range 2–32 years). The diagnoses were tricuspid atresia in 21, single ventricle in 9, and others in 10. The Fontan procedure was a right atrium-pulmonary artery graft in 2, atriopulmonary connection in 28, and right atrium-right ventricle anastomosis in 10 (Björk in 4, graft in 6). Results Causes of late death were congestive heart failure in 6, sudden death in 4, arrhythmia in 4, and others in 6. Sixteen patients underwent reoperation 23.3 ± 6.5 years after Fontan. Cardiac catheterization was performed at 1 month and 12 years. There were no significant differences in central venous pressure, ventricular ejection fraction, or pulmonary vascular resistance between the two groups. However, changes in ventricular end-diastolic volume suggested volume and pressure overload in group LD. In group S, the latest chest radiographs showed cardiothoracic ratio 51.3% ± 7.6%, oxygen saturation 94% ± 2%, brain natriuretic peptide 153 ± 111 pg ċ mL−1, and Holter monitoring revealed sinus rhythm in 10 patients. New York Heart Association class was I in 12 patients, II in 6, and III in 2. Conclusions For long-term Fontan survival, timely total cavopulmonary connection conversion and medication to decrease ventricular volume and pressure load might be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Sakamoto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsugi Nagashima
- Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hiramatsu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goki Matsumura
- Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - In-Sam Park
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Si B, Luan ZS, Wang TJ, Ning YS, Li N, Zhu M, Liu ZM, Ding GH, Qiao B. Distribution of lung blood on modified bilateral Glenn shunt evaluated by Tc-99m-MAA lung perfusion scintigraphy: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4920. [PMID: 27661042 PMCID: PMC5044912 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of lung blood in a modified bilateral Glenn procedure designed in our institute with lung perfusion scintigraphy. Sixteen consecutive patients who underwent modified bilateral Glenn operation from 2011 to 2014 were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 7 patients who underwent bidirectional Glenn shunt. Radionuclide lung perfusion scintigraphy was performed using Tc-99m-macro aggregated albumin (MAA) in all patients. For the patients in modified bilateral Glenn group, the time at which the radioactivity accumulation peaked did not differ significantly between the right and left lung field (t = 0.608, P = 0.554). The incidence of perfusion abnormality in each lung lobe also did not differ significantly (P = 0.426 by Fisher exact test). The radioactive counts were higher in the right lung than in the left lung, but the difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.502, P = 0.157). Radioactive perfusion in the lower lung field was significantly greater than that in the upper field (t = 4.368, P < 0.001). Compared with that in the bidirectional Glenn group, the ratio of radioactivity in the right lung to that in left lung was significantly lower in the modified bilateral Glenn group (t = 3.686, P = 0.002). Lung perfusion scintigraphy confirmed the benefit of the modified bilateral Glenn shunt with regard to more balanced blood perfusion in both lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Si
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Zhao-sheng Luan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 88th Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Taian
| | - Tong-jian Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Yan-song Ning
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Meng Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Zhong-min Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-hong Ding
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, Shanghai
- Correspondence: Bin Qiao, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong, China (e-mail: )
| | - Bin Qiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong
- Correspondence: Bin Qiao, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong, China (e-mail: )
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Zhang T, Shi Y, Wu K, Hua Z, Li S, Hu S, Zhang H. Uncontrolled Antegrade Pulmonary Blood Flow and Delayed Fontan Completion After the Bidirectional Glenn Procedure: Real-World Outcomes in China. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101:1530-8. [PMID: 26794884 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the low rate of Fontan completion, an aggressive policy for maintaining antegrade pulmonary blood flow (AnPBF) during the bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG) was developed for the functional single ventricle. METHODS From 2008 to 2013, 294 patients who underwent the BDG were divided into two groups: group 1 (uncontrolled AnPBF, n = 270) and group 2 (controlled AnPBF, n = 24). Pulmonary artery banding was performed because of the high central venous pressure in group 2. In group 1, the patients who underwent BDG from 2008 to 2012 were further divided into group DF (delayed Fontan completion, n = 109) and group FC (Fontan completion, n = 42). RESULTS The Fontan completion rate was 16.3%, and the average interval time was 2.2 ± 1.1 years. The delay of Fontan completion did not reduce body weight gain or the survival rate. Furthermore, oxygen saturation was slightly reduced in group DF. Although no impairments of heart function were observed, the uncontrolled AnPBF in group DF resulted in an increase in ventricular end-diastolic diameter and aggravation of atrioventricular valve regurgitation over 24 months after BDG. Logistic regression analysis revealed that systemic right ventricular morphology was a risk factor for the aggravation of valve regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS The low Fontan achievement rate is a critical issue in China. Although the patients with delayed Fontan completion exhibited an acceptable survival rate and acceptable body weight gain, uncontrolled AnPBF was associated with ventricular enlargement and aggravation of valve regurgitation. Strategies for improving the Fontan completion rate in China should be explored and could benefit outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shouguang People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yisheng Shi
- Department of Echocardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihong Wu
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Nanjing Children Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hua
- Center for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Center for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- Center for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Surgical management of competing pulmonary blood flow affects survival before Fontan/Kreutzer completion in patients with tricuspid atresia type I. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:1222-30.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Leaving antegrade pulmonary blood flow results in reversal of flow in the azygous vein and decompression of the cavopulmonary circulation: mechanism of cyanosis defined with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiol Young 2014; 24:515-6. [PMID: 24345722 DOI: 10.1017/s104795111300214x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 2.5-year-old patient with single-ventricle physiology who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance study for cyanosis after Kawashima operation. Magnetic resonance imaging study showed a veno-venous collateral redirecting systemic venous flow, responsible for cyanosis.
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Kavarana MN, Jones JA, Stroud RE, Bradley SM, Ikonomidis JS, Mukherjee R. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after the superior cavopulmonary shunt: mechanisms and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 12:703-13. [PMID: 24758411 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2014.912132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Children with functional single ventricle heart disease are commonly palliated down a staged clinical pathway toward a Fontan completion procedure (total cavopulmonary connection). The Fontan physiology is fraught with long-term complications associated with lower body systemic venous hypertension, eventually resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The bidirectional Glenn shunt or superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) is commonly the transitional stage in single ventricle surgical management and provides excellent palliation. Some studies have demonstrated lower morbidity and mortality with the SCPC when compared with the Fontan. Unfortunately the durability of the SCPC is significantly limited by the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) which have been commonly attributed to the absence of hepatic venous blood flow and the lack of pulsatile flow to the affected lungs. Abnormal angiogenesis has been suggested as a final common pathway to PAVM development. Understanding these fundamental mechanisms through the investigation of angiogenic pathways associated with the pathogenesis of PAVMs would help to develop medical therapies that could prevent or reverse this complication following SCPC. Such therapies could improve the longevity of the SCPC, potentially eliminate or significantly postpone the Fontan completion with its associated complications, and improve long-term survival in children with single ventricle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo N Kavarana
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the broadened indications for Fontan procedure, there are patients who could not proceed to Fontan procedure because of the strict Fontan criteria during the early period. Some patients suffer from post-Glenn complications such as hypoxia, arrhythmia, or fatigue with exertion long after the Glenn procedure. We explored the possibility of Fontan completion for those patients. METHODS Between 2004 and 2010, five consecutive patients aged between 13 and 31 years (median 21) underwent Fontan completion. These patients had been followed up for more than 10 years (10 to 13, median 11) after Glenn procedure as non-Fontan candidates. We summarise these patients retrospectively in terms of their pre-operative physiological condition, surgical strategy, and problems that these patients hold. RESULTS Pre-operative catheterisation showed pulmonary vascular resistance ranging from 0.9 to 3.7 (median 2.2), pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 0.3 to 1.6 (median 0.9), and two patients had significant aortopulmonary collaterals. Extracardiac total cavopulmonary connections were performed in three patients, lateral tunnel total cavopulmonary connection in one patient, and intracardiac total cavopulmonary connection in one patient, without a surgical fenestration. Concomitant surgeries were required including valve surgeries--atrioventricular valve plasty in three patients and tricuspid valve replacement in one patient; systemic outflow tract obstruction release--Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure in two patients and subaortic stenosis resection in one patient; and anti-arrhythmic therapies--maze procedure in two patients, cryoablation in two patients, and pacemaker implantation in two patients. All patients are now in New York Heart Association category I. CONCLUSION Patients often suffer from post-Glenn complications. Of those, if they are re-examined carefully, some may have a chance to undergo Fontan completion and benefit from it. Multiple lesions such as atrioventricular valve regurgitation, systemic outflow obstruction, or arrhythmia should be surgically repaired concomitantly.
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Kreutzer C, Kreutzer J, Kreutzer GO. Reflections on five decades of the fontan kreutzer procedure. Front Pediatr 2013; 1:45. [PMID: 24400290 PMCID: PMC3866802 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first successful total right heart bypass via atriopulmonary anastomosis (APA) were reported in 1971 for patients with tricuspid atresia. At the Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires, the cohort of such procedures started in July, when the first fenestrated right heart by pass was performed, with the interposition of a homograft between the right atrial appendage and the main pulmonary artery. In the second patient, instead of placing a homograft, the APA was achieved with the patient's own pulmonary root harvested from the outflow tract of the right ventricle. These techniques were soon replaced in 1978 with the development of the direct valveless posterior APA. Since the very beginning the principle was that the right atrium only functions as a pathway rather than a pump (reason why no inferior vena cava valves were ever used), and the diastolic properties of the systemic ventricle regulate the only real "pump" of this system. The late hemodynamic problems inherent of the APA diminished with modern surgical techniques like the lateral tunnel (LT) or the extracardiac conduit (EC). In spite of the improvement in prognosis and quality of life that the modern techniques have brought for univentricular hearts (UH), with the passing of time, deterioration of this system is frequently seen, due to chronic low cardiac output, elevated central venous pressure making heart transplantation the final stage of treatment. Progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistances and ventricular dysfunction result in a decline in quality of life and survival. However, the timing of this occurrence is variable, and many survivors enjoy today a satisfactory clinical status. The challenge is to develop a better solution for UH, but in the mean time the Fontan Kreutzer palliation represents the best and only surgical option. It is undoubtedly one of the triumphs of cardiac surgery in congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christián Kreutzer
- Congenital Heart Surgery, Posadas National Hospital and Austral University Hospital , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Kreutzer
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Pittsburgh Children's Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Hemodynamics and arteriovenous malformations in cavopulmonary anastomosis: The case for residual antegrade pulsatile flow. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 146:1359-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Latus H, Gummel K, Diederichs T, Bauer A, Rupp S, Kerst G, Jux C, Akintuerk H, Schranz D, Apitz C. Aortopulmonary collateral flow is related to pulmonary artery size and affects ventricular dimensions in patients after the fontan procedure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81684. [PMID: 24303064 PMCID: PMC3841134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) are frequently found in patients with a single-ventricle (SV) circulation. However, knowledge about the clinical significance of the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt flow in patients after the modified Fontan procedure and its potential causes is limited. Accordingly, the aim of our study was to detect and quantify APC flow using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and assess its impact on SV volume and function as well as to evaluate the role of the size of the pulmonary arteries in regard to the development of APCs. METHODS 60 patients (mean age 13.3 ± 6.8 years) after the Fontan procedure without patent tunnel fenestration underwent CMR as part of their routine clinical assessment that included ventricular functional analysis and flow measurements in the inferior vena cava (IVC), superior vena cava (SVC) and ascending aorta (Ao). APC flow was quantified using the systemic flow estimator: (Ao) - (IVC + SVC). Pulmonary artery index (Nakata index) was calculated as RPA + LPA area/body surface area using contrast enhanced MR angiography. The patient cohort was divided into two groups according to the median APC flow: group 1 < 0.495 l/min/m(2) and group 2 > 0.495 l/min/m(2). RESULTS Group 1 patients had significant smaller SV enddiastolic (71 ± 16 vs 87 ± 25 ml/m(2); p=0.004) and endsystolic volumes (29 ± 11 vs 40 ± 21 ml/m(2); p=0.02) whereas ejection fraction (59 ± 9 vs 56 ± 13%; p=0.38) differed not significantly. Interestingly, pulmonary artery size showed a significant inverse correlation with APC flow (r=-0.50, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Volume load due to APC flow in Fontan patients affected SV dimensions, but did not result in an impairment of SV function. APC flow was related to small pulmonary artery size, suggesting that small pulmonary arteries represent a potential stimulus for the development of APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Latus
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kerstin Gummel
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tristan Diederichs
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Bauer
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupp
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gunter Kerst
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Jux
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hakan Akintuerk
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schranz
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Apitz
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University Clinic, Giessen, Germany
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Hörer J, Neuray C, Vogt M, Cleuziou J, Kasnar-Samprec J, Lange R, Schreiber C. What to expect after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: data from 193 patients and 2902 patient years. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 44:800-7. [PMID: 23515167 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) occurs as isolated cases, in combination with single ventricle physiology, and may be complicated by pulmonary venous obstruction. We sought to identify potential risk factors for long-term mortality and reoperations. METHODS Data from 193 consecutive patients who had undergone repair of TAPVC between 1974 and 2011 were analysed using multivariate Cox regression. Mean follow-up time was 15.0 ± 11.0 years, 95% complete. RESULTS Survival was 82.7 ± 2.9% at 20 years. Single ventricle physiology (5.9% of the patients, P < 0.001) emerged as the only significant risk factor for mortality in multivariate analyses. Freedom from cardiac reoperation was 82.2 ± 3.3% at 20 years. Single ventricle physiology (P < 0.001) was the only risk factor for cardiac reoperations in multivariate analyses. Freedom from reoperations for pulmonary venous obstruction was 90.4 ± 2.5% at 20 years. An age at operation of ≤30 days (52.8% of the patients, P = 0.007) was the only risk factor for reoperations for pulmonary venous obstruction in univariate analyses. In patients with isolated TAPVC (n = 177), preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (53.7% of the patients, P = 0.030) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (78.5% of the patients, P = 0.017) emerged as risk factors for mortality in univariate analyses. An age at operation of ≤30 days (53.7% of the patients, P = 0.022) was the only risk factor for reoperations for pulmonary venous obstruction in univariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Survival into the third decade without reoperations is excellent in patients with isolated TAPVC without preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction, irrespective of the type of anomalous connection. In contrast, survival of patients with TAPVC and single ventricle physiology is among the poorest of all congenital heart defects. Reoperations for pulmonary venous obstruction are rare and are predominantly required in patients who were operated on as neonates. Survival may be improved by using a strategy of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Hörer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University, Munich, Germany
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Henaine R, Vergnat M, Bacha EA, Baudet B, Lambert V, Belli E, Serraf A. Effects of lack of pulsatility on pulmonary endothelial function in the Fontan circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 146:522-9. [PMID: 23219498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Continuous flow in the Fontan circulation results in impairment of pulmonary artery endothelial function, increased pulmonary arterial resistance, and, potentially, late failure of Fontan circulation. We investigated the mechanisms of vascular remodeling and altered vascular reactivity associated with chronic privation of pulsatility on pulmonary vasculature. METHODS A total of 30 pigs were evenly distributed in 3 groups: 10 underwent a sham procedure (group I) and 20 underwent a cavopulmonary shunt between the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery--10 with complete ligation of the proximal right pulmonary artery (group II, nonpulsatile) and 10 with partial ligation (group III, micropulsatile). At 3 months postoperatively, the in vivo hemodynamics, in vitro vasomotricity (concentration response curves on pulmonary artery isolated rings), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein level were assessed. A comparison between group and between the right and left lung in each group was performed. RESULTS Group II developed right pulmonary hypertension and increased right pulmonary resistance. Endothelial function was altered in group II, as reflected by a decrease in the vasodilation response to acetylcholine and ionophoric calcium but preservation of the nonendothelial-dependent response to sodium nitroprusside. Group III micropulsatility attenuated pulmonary hypertension but did not prevent impairment of the endothelial-dependant relaxation response. Right lung Western blotting revealed decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase in group II (0.941 ± 0.149 vs sham 1.536 ± 0.222, P = .045) that was preserved in group III (1.275 ± 0.236, P = .39). CONCLUSIONS In a chronic model of unilateral cavopulmonary shunt, pulsatility loss resulted in an altered endothelial-dependant vasorelaxation response of the pulmonary arteries. Micropulsatility limited the effects of pulsatility loss. These results are of importance for potential therapies against pulmonary hypertension in the nonpulsatile Fontan circulation, by retaining accessory pulmonary flow or pharmaceutical modulation of nonendothelial-dependant pulmonary vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Henaine
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Faculté de Médecine-Laboratoire de Physiologie, Lyon, France.
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Raisky O, Gaudin R. Anatomic repair for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: easier is better? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42:685-6. [PMID: 22538458 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Raisky
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité and Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
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