1
|
Kennon AM, Stewart JA. Paracrine Signals in Calcified Conditioned Media Elicited Differential Responses in Primary Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and in Adventitial Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043599. [PMID: 36835011 PMCID: PMC9961433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to determine if paracrine signals from different aortic layers can impact other cell types in the diabetic microenvironment, specifically medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts (AFBs). The diabetic hyperglycemic aorta undergoes mineral dysregulation, causing cells to be more responsive to chemical messengers eliciting vascular calcification. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)/AGE receptors (RAGEs) signaling has been implicated in diabetes-mediated vascular calcification. To elucidate responses shared between cell types, pre-conditioned calcified media from diabetic and non-diabetic VSMCs and AFBs were collected to treat cultured murine diabetic, non-diabetic, diabetic RAGE knockout (RKO), and non-diabetic RKO VSMCs and AFBs. Calcium assays, western blots, and semi-quantitative cytokine/chemokine profile kits were used to determine signaling responses. VSMCs responded to non-diabetic more than diabetic AFB calcified pre-conditioned media. AFB calcification was not significantly altered when VSMC pre-conditioned media was used. No significant changes in VSMCs signaling markers due to treatments were reported; however, genotypic differences existed. Losses in AFB α-smooth muscle actin were observed with diabetic pre-conditioned VSMC media treatment. Superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) increased with non-diabetic calcified + AGE pre-conditioned VSMC media, while same treatment decreased diabetic AFBs levels. Overall, non-diabetic and diabetic pre-conditioned media elicited different responses from VSMCs and AFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Kennon
- Department of Investigational Cancer, Division of Cancer Medicine, U.T.M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James A. Stewart
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(662)-915-2309
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mabotuwana NS, Rech L, Lim J, Hardy SA, Murtha LA, Rainer PP, Boyle AJ. Paracrine Factors Released by Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Origin and their Effects in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Pre-clinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2606-2628. [PMID: 35896860 PMCID: PMC9622561 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has gained significant traction in the context of cardiovascular repair, and have been proposed to exert their regenerative effects via the secretion of paracrine factors. In this systematic review, we examined the literature and consolidated available evidence for the “paracrine hypothesis”. Two Ovid SP databases were searched using a strategy encompassing paracrine mediated MSC therapy in the context of ischemic heart disease. This yielded 86 articles which met the selection criteria for inclusion in this study. We found that the MSCs utilized in these articles were primarily derived from bone marrow, cardiac tissue, and adipose tissue. We identified 234 individual protective factors across these studies, including VEGF, HGF, and FGF2; which are proposed to exert their effects in a paracrine manner. The data collated in this systematic review identifies secreted paracrine factors that could decrease apoptosis, and increase angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell viability. These included studies have also demonstrated that the administration of MSCs and indirectly, their secreted factors can reduce infarct size, and improve left ventricular ejection fraction, contractility, compliance, and vessel density. Furthering our understanding of the way these factors mediate repair could lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishani S Mabotuwana
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lavinia Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Lim
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean A Hardy
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lucy A Murtha
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew J Boyle
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nikolaou PE, Efentakis P, Abu Qourah F, Femminò S, Makridakis M, Kanaki Z, Varela A, Tsoumani M, Davos CH, Dimitriou CA, Tasouli A, Dimitriadis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Zuurbier CJ, Vlahou A, Klinakis A, Brizzi MF, Iliodromitis EK, Andreadou I. Chronic Empagliflozin Treatment Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size in Nondiabetic Mice Through STAT-3-Mediated Protection on Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Reduction of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:551-571. [PMID: 32295413 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Empagliflozin (EMPA) demonstrates cardioprotective effects on diabetic myocardium but its infarct-sparing effects in normoglycemia remain unspecified. We investigated the acute and chronic effect of EMPA on infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the mechanisms of cardioprotection in nondiabetic mice. Results: Chronic oral administration of EMPA (6 weeks) reduced myocardial infarct size after 30 min/2 h I/R (26.5% ± 3.9% vs 45.8% ± 3.3% in the control group, p < 0.01). Body weight, blood pressure, glucose levels, and cardiac function remained unchanged between groups. Acute administration of EMPA 24 or 4 h before I/R did not affect infarct size. Chronic EMPA treatment led to a significant reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers. STAT-3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) was activated by Y(705) phosphorylation at the 10th minute of R, but it remained unchanged at 2 h of R and in the acute administration protocols. Proteomic analysis was employed to investigate signaling intermediates and revealed that chronic EMPA treatment regulates several pathways at reperfusion, including oxidative stress and integrin-related proteins that were further evaluated. Superoxide dismutase and vascular endothelial growth factor were increased throughout reperfusion. EMPA pretreatment (24 h) increased the viability of human microvascular endothelial cells in normoxia and on 3 h hypoxia/1 h reoxygenation and reduced reactive oxygen species production. In EMPA-treated murine hearts, CD31-/VEGFR2-positive endothelial cells and the pSTAT-3(Y705) signal derived from endothelial cells were boosted at early reperfusion. Innovation: Chronic EMPA administration reduces infarct size in healthy mice via the STAT-3 pathway and increases the survival of endothelial cells. Conclusion: Chronic but not acute administration of EMPA reduces infarct size through STAT-3 activation independently of diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fairouz Abu Qourah
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Kanaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Dimitriou
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Carolis S, Sorrenti S, Salvi S, Narducci ML, Graziani F, Garufi E, Crea F, Lanzone A. Pregnancy outcome and left ventricular ejection fraction in women with history of myocardial infarction. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 250:74-75. [PMID: 32388343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Carolis
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino, e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sara Sorrenti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino, e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Salvi
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino, e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Lucia Narducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Graziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ester Garufi
- Medical School, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Filippo Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino, e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hejretová L, Čedíková M, Dolejšová M, Vlas T, Jindra P, Lysák D, Holubová M. Comparison of the immunomodulatory effect of single MSC batches versus pooled MSC products. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 21:119-129. [PMID: 31863261 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe corticosteroid-refractory graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a major non-relapse cause of mortality and morbidity after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). One of the most promising treatment options is using advanced therapy medicinal products based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) immunomodulation ability. The protocols of MSC application differ in many parameters including a source of MSC, a dose, a number of doses or way of preparation of the medicinal product. The process is limited by the need for laborious and expensive manufacturing processes fraught with batch-to-batch variability. In our study, we compared the immunomodulatory effects of different MSC batches versus pooled MSC, specifically the influence on lymphocyte proliferation, the metabolic activity, and the expression of activation markers on T cells. Our goal was to determine whether the effect depends on donor-to-donor heterogeneity and if pooling of MSCs could increase their immunomodulatory ability. All tested batches showed an immunomodulatory effect, with no significant differences between the groups. Our study suggests that immunosuppressive potential is comparable in single batches and pooled products, and the use of products got from individual donors is suitable to treat corticosteroid-refractory GVHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hejretová
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Pilsen, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Čedíková
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Dolejšová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - T Vlas
- Institute of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - P Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Pilsen, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - D Lysák
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Pilsen, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Holubová
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Pilsen, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60, Pilsen, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed N, Laghari AH, AlBkhoor B, Tabassum S, Meo SA, Muhammad N, Linardi D, Al-Masri AA, Fumagalli G, Luciani GB, Faggian G, Rungatscher A. Fingolimod Plays Role in Attenuation of Myocardial Injury Related to Experimental Model of Cardiac Arrest and Extracorporeal Life Support Resuscitation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246237. [PMID: 31835656 PMCID: PMC6940876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is a major global health concern, and survival of patients with ischemia–reperfusion injury is a leading cause of myocardial dysfunction. The mechanism of this phenomenon is not well understood because of the complex pathophysiological nature of the disease. Aim of the study was to investigate the cardioprotective role of fingolimod in an in vivo model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Methods: In this study, an in vivo rat model of cardiac arrest using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation monitored by invasive hemodynamic measurement was developed. At the beginning of extracorporeal life support (ECLS), animals were randomly treated with fingolimod (Group A, n = 30) or saline (Group B, n = 30). Half of the animals in each group (Group A1 and B1, n = 15 each) were sacrificed after 1 h, and the remaining animals (Group A2 and B2) after 24 h of reperfusion. Blood and myocardial tissues were collected for analysis of cardiac features, inflammatory biomarkers, and cell signaling pathways. Results: Treatment with fingolimod resulted in activation of survival pathways resulting into reduced inflammation, myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. This led to significant improvement in systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle and improved contractility index. Conclusions: Sphingosine1phosphate receptor activation with fingolimod improved cardiac function after cardiac arrest supported with ECLS. Present study findings strongly support a cardioprotective role of fingolimod through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activation during reperfusion after circulatory arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Abid H. Laghari
- Department of Medicine, section of Cardiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | | | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.); (A.A.A.-M.)
| | - Nazeer Muhammad
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Rawalpindi 47040, Pakistan;
| | - Daniele Linardi
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Abeer A. Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.); (A.A.A.-M.)
| | - Guido Fumagalli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessio Rungatscher
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmed N, Mehmood A, Linardi D, Sadiq S, Tessari M, Meo SA, Rehman R, Hajjar WM, Muhammad N, Iqbal MP, Gilani AUH, Faggian G, Rungatscher A. Cardioprotective Effects of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Immunomodulator FTY720 in a Clinically Relevant Model of Cardioplegic Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31379576 PMCID: PMC6656862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: FTY720, an immunomodulator derived from sphingosine-1-phosphate, has recently demonstrated its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, FTY720 might be a key pharmacological target for preconditioning. In this preclinical model, we have investigated the effects of FTY720 on myocardium during reperfusion in an experimental model of cardioplegic arrest (CPA) and cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: 30 Sprague–Dawley rats (300–350 g) were randomized into two groups: Group-A, treated with FTY720 1 mg/kg via intravenous cannulation, and Group-B, as control. After 15 min of treatment, rats underwent CPA for 30 min followed by initiation of extracorporeal life support for 2 h. Support weaning was done, and blood and myocardial tissues were collected for analysis. Hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory mediators, nitro-oxidative stress, neutrophil infiltration, immunoblotting analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were analyzed and compared between groups. Results: FTY720 treatment activated the Akt/Erk1/2 signaling pathways, reduced the level of inflammatory mediators, activated antiapoptotic proteins, and inhibited proapoptotic proteins, leading to reduced nitro-oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, significant preservation of high-energy phosphates were observed in the FTY720-treated group. This resulted in improved recovery of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. Conclusion: The cardioprotective mechanism in CPA is associated with activation of prosurvival cell signaling pathways that prevents myocardial damage. FTY720 preserves high-energy phosphates attenuates myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress, and improves cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Adeela Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaqat National Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniele Linardi
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Soban Sadiq
- Pharmacology and Molecular Lab, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maddalena Tessari
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waseem M Hajjar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeer Muhammad
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Perwaiz Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anwar-Ul-Hassan Gilani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessio Rungatscher
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antas PRZ, Ponte CGG, Almeida MR, Albuquerque LHP, Sousa-Vasconcelos PS, Pedro T, Gomes NLS, Moreira OC, Silva FC, Castello-Branco LRR, Pinho RT. The in vitro Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau infection of human monocytes that induces Caspase-1 expression, release and dependent cell death is mostly reliant upon cell integrity. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:18. [PMID: 31346322 PMCID: PMC6633651 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis (TB) is an extremely contagious disease predominantly affecting the lungs. TB is found worldwide and has a major impact on public health safety primarily due to its high mortality rate. Applied for over a hundred years as a preventive measure, Mycobacterium bovis BCG remains the only available TB vaccine. Only one seminal study about the apoptotic pathways induced by this vaccine in the monocytic lineage of the host cell has found the effects of BCG on regulation of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to explore beyond that pioneer study the pathway related to the in vitro cell-death pattern and the inflammatory response to the BCG vaccine in human monocytes. Methods Cohorts of HIV-negative volunteers were enrolled: adult Healthy Donors (HD) and neonates’ Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) individuals. Host mononuclear cells were infected with the M. bovis Moreau strain of BCG vaccine at 16, 24, 48, and 72 h. The Real-Time RT-PCR for TRADD, Bcl-2, and Caspases-1 and -3 were performed, and supernatants were assayed in parallel for Caspase-1, NLRP3, HO-1, and IL-1β levels whereas caspases were assessed intracellularly. The effect of a BCG infection in monocytes was characterized via a metabolic activity assay by LDH release profiles. Results Overall, the BCG vaccine induced significantly higher Caspase-1 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels in both the HD and UCB groups (p-value ≤0.05). In addition, a significant increase solely in Caspase-1 protein levels was also noted in both HD and UCB (p-value ≤0.05) notwithstanding the absence of any damaged cell membranes. Conclusions Our data directly corroborate other findings showing that BCG Moreau led to an increased secretion of IL-1β but not IL-18, two Caspase-1-activated cytokines, and are also in support of the model that the BCG Moreau infection of human mononuclear cells may induce a cell-death pattern involving Caspase-1 activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12950-019-0223-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Z Antas
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos G G Ponte
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Matheus R Almeida
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Lawrence H P Albuquerque
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Periela S Sousa-Vasconcelos
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Thaíze Pedro
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Natália L S Gomes
- 2Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacílio C Moreira
- 2Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Silva
- Gaffree Guinle State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luíz R R Castello-Branco
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Rosa T Pinho
- 1Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Pavilhao Leonidas Deane, 4th Floor, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miklíková M, Jarkovská D, Čedíková M, Švíglerová J, Kuncová J, Nalos L, Kubíková T, Liška V, Holubová M, Lysák D, Králíčková M, Vištejnová L, Štengl M. Beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells on adult porcine cardiomyocytes in non-contact co-culture. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S619-S631. [PMID: 30607969 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to improve survival of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) and overall regeneration of cardiac tissue. Despite promising preclinical results, interactions of MSCs and CMCs, both direct and indirect, remain unclear. In this study, porcine bone marrow MSCs and freshly isolated porcine primary adult CMCs were used for non-contact co-culture experiments. Morphology, viability and functional parameters of CMCs were measured over time and compared between CMCs cultured alone and CMCs co-cultured with MSCs. In non-contact co-culture, MSCs improved survival of CMCs. CMCs co-cultured with MSCs maintained CMCs morphology and viability in significantly higher percentage than CMCs cultured alone. In viable CMCs, mitochondrial respiration was preserved in both CMCs cultured alone and in CMCs co-cultured with MSCs. Comparison of cellular contractility and calcium handling, measured in single CMCs, revealed no significant differences between viable CMCs from co-culture and CMCs cultured alone. In conclusion, non-contact co-culture of porcine MSCs and CMCs improved survival of CMCs with a sufficient preservation of functional and mitochondrial parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Miklíková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brychtova M, Thiele JA, Lysak D, Holubova M, Kralickova M, Vistejnova L. Mesenchymal stem cells as the near future of cardiology medicine - truth or wish? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 163:8-18. [PMID: 30439932 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac damage is one of major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Despite the development in pharmacotherapy, cardiosurgery and interventional cardiology, many patients remain at increased risk of developing adverse cardiac remodeling. An alternative treatment approach is the application of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are among the most promising cell types usable for cardiac regeneration. Their homing to the damaged area, differentiation into cardiomyocytes, paracrine and/or immunomodulatory effect on cardiac tissue was investigated extensively. Despite promising preclinical reports, clinical trials on human patients are not convincing. Meta-analyses of these trials open many questions and show that routine clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells as a cardiac treatment may be not as helpful as expected. This review summarizes contemporary knowledge about mesenchymal stem cells role in cardiac tissue repair and discusses the problems and perspectives of this experimental therapeutical approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Brychtova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jana-Aletta Thiele
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Lysak
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Kralickova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vistejnova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In specific forms of congenital heart defects and pulmonary hypertension, the right ventricle (RV) is exposed to systemic levels of pressure overload. The RV is prone to failure in these patients because of its vulnerability to chronic pressure overload. As patients with a systemic RV reach adulthood, an emerging epidemic of RV failure has become evident. Medical therapies proven for LV failure are ineffective in treating RV failure. Areas covered: In this review, the pathophysiology of the failing RV under pressure overload is discussed, with specific emphasis on the pivotal roles of angiogenesis and oxidative stress. Studies investigating the ability of stem cell therapy to improve angiogenesis and mitigate oxidative stress in the setting of pressure overload are then reviewed. Finally, clinical trials utilizing stem cell therapy to prevent RV failure under pressure overload in congenital heart disease will be discussed. Expert commentary: Although considerable hurdles remain before their mainstream clinical implementation, stem cell therapy possesses revolutionary potential in the treatment of patients with failing systemic RVs who currently have very limited long-term treatment options. Rigorous clinical trials of stem cell therapy for RV failure that target well-defined mechanisms will ensure success adoption of this therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sing Si
- a Department of Cardiac Surgery, Section of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Richard G Ohye
- a Department of Cardiac Surgery, Section of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balbi C, Bollini S. Fetal and perinatal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: Moving forward to the paracrine era. Placenta 2017; 59:96-106. [PMID: 28416208 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CD) is a major burden for Western society. Regenerative medicine has provided encouraging results, yet it has not addressed the focal defects causing CD and mainly related to the inefficient repair programme of the heart. In this scenario, stem cells have been broadly investigated and their paracrine effect proposed as a possible working strategy to boost endogenous mechanisms of repair and regeneration from within the cardiac tissue. The scientific community is now focusing on identifying the most effective stem cell secretome, as the whole of bioactive factors and extracellular vesicles secreted by stem cells and endowed with regenerative potential. Indeed, the adult stem cell-paracrine potential for cardiac regeneration have been widely analyzed with positive outcome. Nevertheless, low yield, invasive sampling and controversial self-renewal may limit adult stem cell application. On the contrary, fetal and perinatal stem cells, which can be easily isolated from leftover sample via prenatal screening during gestation or as clinical waste material after birth, can offer an ideal alternative. These broadly multipotent immature progenitors share features with both adult and embryonic stem cells, show high self-renewal, but they are not tumorigenic neither cause any ethical concern. While fetal and perinatal stem cells demonstrated to improve cardiac function when injected in the injured heart, the comprehensive characterization of their secretome for future applications is still at its infancy. In this review, we will discuss the paracrine potential of the fetal and perinatal stem cell secretome to provide cardiac repair and resurge the dormant mechanisms of cardiac regeneration for future therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Balbi
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - S Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kappler B, Anic P, Becker M, Bader A, Klose K, Klein O, Oberwallner B, Choi YH, Falk V, Stamm C. The cytoprotective capacity of processed human cardiac extracellular matrix. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:120. [PMID: 27272902 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshly isolated human cardiac extracellular matrix sheets (cECM) have been shown to support stem cell proliferation and tissue-specific lineage commitment. We now developed a protocol for standardized production of durable, bio-functional hcECM microparticles and corresponding hydrogel, and tested its cytoprotective effects on contractile cells subjected to ischemia-like conditions. Human ventricular myocardium was decellularized by a 3-step protocol, including Tris/EDTA, SDS and serum incubation (cECM). Following snap-freezing and lyophilization, microparticles were created and characterized by laser diffraction, dynamic image analysis (DIA), and mass spectrometry. Moreover, cECM hydrogel was produced by pepsin digestion. Baseline cell-support characteristics were determined using murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes, and the cytoprotective effects of ECM products were tested under hypoxia and glucose/serum deprivation. In cECM, glycoproteins (thrombospondin 1, fibronectin, collagens and nidogen-1) and proteoglycans (dermatopontin, lumican and mimecan) were preserved, but residual intracellular and blood-borne proteins were also detected. The median particle feret diameter was 66 μm (15-157 μm) by laser diffraction, and 57 μm (20-182 μm) by DIA with crystal violet staining. HL-1 cells displayed enhanced metabolic activity (39 ± 12 %, P < 0.05) and proliferation (16 ± 3 %, P < 0.05) when grown on cECM microparticles in normoxia. During simulated ischemia, cECM microparticles exerted distinct cytoprotective effects (MTS conversion, 240 ± 32 %; BrdU uptake, 45 ± 14 %; LDH release, -72 ± 7 %; P < 0.01, each). When cECM microparticles were solubilized to form a hydrogel, the cytoprotective effect was initially abolished. However, modifying the preparation process (pepsin digestion at pH 2 and 25 °C, 1 mg/ml final cECM concentration) restored the cytoprotective cECM activity. Extracellular matrix from human myocardium can be processed to yield standardized durable microparticles that exert specific cytoprotective effects on cardiomyocyte-like cells. The use of processed cECM may help to optimize future clinical-grade myocardial tissue engineering approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kappler
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Anic
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Bader
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Oberwallner
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yeong-Hoon Choi
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center of the University, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Stamm
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bader AM, Klose K, Bieback K, Korinth D, Schneider M, Seifert M, Choi YH, Kurtz A, Falk V, Stamm C. Hypoxic Preconditioning Increases Survival and Pro-Angiogenic Capacity of Human Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138477. [PMID: 26380983 PMCID: PMC4575058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning was shown to improve the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) upon transplantation in ischemic tissue. Given the interest in clinical applications of umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs, we developed a specific hypoxic preconditioning protocol and investigated its anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects on cord blood MSCs undergoing simulated ischemia in vitro by subjecting them to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation with or without preceding hypoxic preconditioning. Cell number, metabolic activity, surface marker expression, chromosomal stability, apoptosis (caspases-3/7 activity) and necrosis were determined, and phosphorylation, mRNA expression and protein secretion of selected apoptosis and angiogenesis-regulating factors were quantified. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were subjected to simulated ischemia in co-culture with hypoxically preconditioned or naïve cord blood MSCs, and HUVEC proliferation was measured. Migration, proliferation and nitric oxide production of HUVECs were determined in presence of cord blood MSC-conditioned medium. Cord blood MSCs proved least sensitive to simulated ischemia when they were preconditioned for 24 h, while their basic behavior, immunophenotype and karyotype in culture remained unchanged. Here, “post-ischemic” cell number and metabolic activity were enhanced and caspase-3/7 activity and lactate dehydrogenase release were reduced as compared to non-preconditioned cells. Phosphorylation of AKT and BAD, mRNA expression of BCL-XL, BAG1 and VEGF, and VEGF protein secretion were higher in preconditioned cells. Hypoxically preconditioned cord blood MSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration, while nitric oxide production remained unchanged. We conclude that hypoxic preconditioning protects cord blood MSCs by activation of anti-apoptotic signaling mechanisms and enhances their angiogenic potential. Hence, hypoxic preconditioning might be a translationally relevant strategy to increase the tolerance of cord blood MSCs to ischemia and improve their therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Matthäus Bader
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Maria Schneider
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Seifert
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christof Stamm
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brodarac A, Šarić T, Oberwallner B, Mahmoodzadeh S, Neef K, Albrecht J, Burkert K, Oliverio M, Nguemo F, Choi YH, Neiss WF, Morano I, Hescheler J, Stamm C. Susceptibility of murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:83. [PMID: 25900017 PMCID: PMC4445302 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) may be suitable for myocardial repair. While their functional and structural properties have been extensively investigated, their response to ischemia-like conditions has not yet been clearly defined. Methods iPS-CMs were differentiated and enriched from murine induced pluripotent stem cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and puromycin resistance genes under the control of an α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter. iPS-CMs maturity and function were characterized by microscopy, real-time PCR, calcium transient recordings, electrophysiology, and mitochondrial function assays, and compared to those from neonatal murine cardiomyocytes. iPS-CMs as well as neonatal murine cardiomyocytes were exposed for 3 hours to hypoxia (1% O2) and glucose/serum deprivation, and viability, apoptosis markers, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular stress signaling cascades were investigated. Then, the iPS-CMs response to mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium was determined. Results iPS-CMs displayed key morphological and functional properties that were comparable to those of neonatal cardiomyocytes, but several parameters indicated an earlier iPS-CMs maturation stage. During hypoxia and glucose/serum deprivation, iPS-CMs exhibited a significantly higher proportion of poly-caspase-active, 7-aminoactinomycin D-positive and TUNEL-positive cells than neonatal cardiomyocytes. The average mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced in “ischemic” iPS-CMs but remained unchanged in neonatal cardiomyocytes; reactive oxygen species production was only increased in “ischemic” iPS-CMs, and oxidoreductase activity in iPS-CMs dropped more rapidly than in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In iPS-CMs, hypoxia and glucose/serum deprivation led to upregulation of Hsp70 transcripts and decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and total PKCε protein expression. Treatment with mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium preserved oxidoreductase activity and restored pSTAT3 and PKCε levels. Conclusion iPS-CMs appear to be particularly sensitive to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Counteracting the ischemic susceptibility of iPS-CMs with mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium may help enhance their survival and efficacy in cell-based approaches for myocardial repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Brodarac
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Föhrer Str.15, Berlin, 13353, Germany.
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Barbara Oberwallner
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Föhrer Str.15, Berlin, 13353, Germany.
| | | | - Klaus Neef
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Julie Albrecht
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Karsten Burkert
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Matteo Oliverio
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Yeong-Hoon Choi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wolfram F Neiss
- Department of Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ingo Morano
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christof Stamm
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Föhrer Str.15, Berlin, 13353, Germany. .,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|