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Vallabhajosyula S, Pruthi S, Shah S, Wiley BM, Mankad SV, Jentzer JC. Basic and advanced echocardiographic evaluation of myocardial dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock. Anaesth Intensive Care 2018; 46:13-24. [PMID: 29361252 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1804600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the intensive care unit. Cardiovascular dysfunction in sepsis is associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes. Sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction is noted in 20%-65% of these patients and manifests as isolated or combined left or right ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Echocardiography is the most commonly used modality for the diagnosis of sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction. With the increasing use of ultrasonography in the intensive care unit, there is a renewed interest in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction. This review summarises the current scope of literature focused on sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction and highlights the use of basic and advanced echocardiographic techniques for the diagnosis of sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction and the management of sepsis and septic shock.
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Waqar F, Jamali HK, Gerson MC. Role of I-123 MIBG in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:492-495. [PMID: 27638742 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Waqar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670542, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0542, USA.
| | - Hina K Jamali
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670542, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0542, USA
| | - Myron C Gerson
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670542, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0542, USA
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Vallabhajosyula S, Sakhuja A, Geske JB, Kumar M, Poterucha JT, Kashyap R, Kashani K, Jaffe AS, Jentzer JC. Role of Admission Troponin-T and Serial Troponin-T Testing in Predicting Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005930. [PMID: 28889100 PMCID: PMC5634261 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Troponin-T elevation is seen commonly in sepsis and septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit. We sought to evaluate the role of admission and serial troponin-T testing in the prognostication of these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective cohort study from 2007 to 2014 on patients admitted to the intensive care units at the Mayo Clinic with severe sepsis and septic shock. Elevated admission troponin-T and significant delta troponin-T were defined as ≥0.01 ng/mL and ≥0.03 ng/mL in 3 hours, respectively. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included 1-year mortality and lengths of stay. During this 8-year period, 944 patients met the inclusion criteria with 845 (90%) having an admission troponin-T ≥0.01 ng/mL. Serial troponin-T values were available in 732 (78%) patients. Elevated admission troponin-T was associated with older age, higher baseline comorbidity, and severity of illness, whereas significant delta troponin-T was associated with higher severity of illness. Admission log10 troponin-T was associated with unadjusted in-hospital (odds ratio 1.6; P=0.003) and 1-year mortality (odds ratio 1.3; P=0.04), but did not correlate with length of stay. Elevated delta troponin-T and log10 delta troponin-T were not significantly associated with any of the primary or secondary outcomes. Admission log10 troponin-T remained an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.4; P=0.04) and 1-year survival (hazard ratio 1.3; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS In patients with sepsis and septic shock, elevated admission troponin-T was associated with higher short- and long-term mortality. Routine serial troponin-T testing did not add incremental prognostic value in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care (METRIC) Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ankit Sakhuja
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeffrey B Geske
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care (METRIC) Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joseph T Poterucha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care (METRIC) Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kianoush Kashani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care (METRIC) Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jacob C Jentzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Antonucci E, Fiaccadori E, Donadello K, Taccone FS, Franchi F, Scolletta S. Myocardial depression in sepsis: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestations and treatment. J Crit Care 2014; 29:500-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Y-Hassan S, Settergren M, Henareh L. Sepsis-induced myocardial depression and takotsubo syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 16:102-9. [PMID: 24955937 DOI: 10.3109/17482941.2014.920089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Background and objectives: Myocardial depression in the setting of sepsis and septic shock is common and has been recognized for a long time. The aim of this study is to find out an association and causal link between sepsis and takotsubo syndrome (TS). METHODS Fifteen cases of TS were studied. Critical review of the literature dealing with sepsis and myocardial depression was done Results: Fifteen cases of sepsis-induced TS are described. Fifty-three per cent of the patients were men. The ages ranged from 39 to 76 years (mean age 60 years). Two-thirds of the patients had ST-elevation myocardial infarction ECG changes. Complications occurred in 80% of the patients. No specific types of sepsis or micro-organisms were associated with the development of TS. Critical review of the sepsis-induced myocardial depression shows that the left ventricular dysfunction, which is reversible within one-to-two weeks, is characterized by segmental ventricular dysfunction, and involvement of the right ventricle in one fourth of cases. These features are also consistent with TS. CONCLUSIONS Sepsis triggers TS, which may be the cause of the majority of cases of sepsis-induced myocardial depression. Acute cardiac sympathetic disruption with noradrenaline spill-over may be the cause of sepsis-induced TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Y-Hassan
- Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Stockholm , Sweden
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Vasile VC, Chai HS, Abdeldayem D, Afessa B, Jaffe AS. Elevated cardiac troponin T levels in critically ill patients with sepsis. Am J Med 2013; 126:1114-21. [PMID: 24083646 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that troponin elevations have prognostic importance in critically ill patients. We examined whether cardiac troponin T elevations are independently associated with in-hospital, short-term (30 days), and long-term (3 years) mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock after adjusting for the severity of disease with the Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation III system. METHODS We studied the Mayo Clinic's Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation III database and cardiac troponin T levels from patients admitted consecutively to the medical ICU. Between January 2001 and December 2006, 926 patients with sepsis had cardiac troponin T measured at ICU admission. In-hospital, short-term, and long-term all-cause mortality were determined. RESULTS Among study patients, 645 (69.7%) had elevated cardiac troponin T levels and 281 (30.3%) had undetectable cardiac troponin T. During hospitalization, 15% of the patients with troponin T <0.01 ng/mL died compared with 31.9% of those with troponin T ≥ 0.01 ng/mL (P < .0001). At 30 days, mortality was 31% and 17% in patients with and without elevations, respectively (P < .0001). The Kaplan-Meier probability of survival at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-ups was 68.1%, 56.3%, and 46.8% with troponin T ≥ 0.01 ng/mL, respectively, and 76.4%, 69.1%, and 62.0% with troponin T <0.01 μg/L, respectively (P < .0001). After adjustment for severity of disease and baseline characteristics, cardiac troponin T levels remained associated with in-hospital and short-term mortality but not with long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS In patients with sepsis who are admitted to an ICU, cardiac troponin T elevations are independently associated with in-hospital and short-term mortality but not long-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad C Vasile
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn
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[Management of decompensated liver cirrhosis in the intensive care unit]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2013; 108:646-56. [PMID: 24030843 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-013-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage of long-standing chronic liver diseases. The occurrence of complications from liver cirrhosis increases the mortality risk, but the prognosis can be improved by optimal management in the intensive care unit (ICU). Defined diagnostic algorithms allow the etiology and presence of typical complications upon presentation to the ICU to be identified. Acute variceal bleeding requires endoscopic intervention, vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, supportive intensive care measures and, where necessary, urgent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis needs to be diagnosed and immediately treated in patients with ascites. Hepatorenal syndrome should be treated by albumin and terlipressin. In case of respiratory failure, differential diagnosis should not only consider pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and cardiac failure, but also hepatic hydrothorax, portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome. The feasibility of liver transplantation should be always discussed in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Artificial liver support devices may only serve as a bridging procedure until transplant.
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Romero-Bermejo FJ, Ruiz-Bailen M, Gil-Cebrian J, Huertos-Ranchal MJ. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 7:163-83. [PMID: 22758615 PMCID: PMC3263481 DOI: 10.2174/157340311798220494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction is one of the main predictors of poor outcome in septic patients, with mortality rates next to 70%. During the sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, both ventricles can dilate and diminish its ejection fraction, having less response to fluid resuscitation and catecholamines, but typically is assumed to be reversible within 7-10 days. In the last 30 years, It´s being subject of substantial research; however no explanation of its etiopathogenesis or effective treatment have been proved yet. The aim of this manuscript is to review on the most relevant aspects of the sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, discuss its clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies proposed in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Romero-Bermejo
- Intensive Care Unit, Critical Care and Emergency Department, Puerto Real University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.
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Lancellotti P, Pierard LA, Voigt JU, Miller O, Nieman K, Rademakers FE, Badano LP. EuroEcho and other imaging modalities: highlights. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 13:127-31. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jes012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the review
Non-invasiveness and instantaneous diagnostic capability are prominent features of the use of echocardiography in critical care. Sepsis and septic shock represent complex situations where early hemodynamic assessment and support are among the keys to therapeutic success. In this review, we discuss the range of applications of echocardiography in the management of the septic patient, and propose an echocardiography-based goal-oriented hemodynamic approach to septic shock.
Recent findings
Echocardiography can play a key role in the critical septic patient management, by excluding cardiac causes for sepsis, and mostly by guiding hemodynamic management of those patients in whom sepsis reaches such a severity to jeopardize cardiovascular function. In recent years, there have been both increasing evidence and diffusion of the use of echocardiography as monitoring tool in the patients with hemodynamic compromise. Also thanks to echocardiography, the features of the well-known sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction have been better characterized. Furthermore, many of the recent echocardiographic indices of volume responsiveness have been validated in populations of septic shock patients.
Conclusion
Although not proven yet in terms of patient outcome, echocardiography can be regarded as an ideal monitoring tool in the septic patient, as it allows (a) first line differential diagnosis of shock and early recognition of sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction; (b) detection of pre-existing cardiac pathology, that yields precious information in septic shock management; (c) comprehensive hemodynamic monitoring through a systematic approach based on repeated bedside assessment; (d) integration with other monitoring devices; and (e) screening for cardiac source of sepsis.
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Chelazzi C, Villa G, De Gaudio AR. Cardiorenal syndromes and sepsis. Int J Nephrol 2011; 2011:652967. [PMID: 21603105 PMCID: PMC3097051 DOI: 10.4061/2011/652967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiorenal syndrome is a clinical and pathophysiological entity defined as the concomitant presence of renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. In patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, acute cardiovascular, and renal derangements are common, that is, the septic cardiorenal syndrome. The aim of this paper is to describe the pathophysiology and clinical features of septic cardiorenal syndrome in light of the actual clinical and experimental evidence. In particular, the importance of systemic and intrarenal endothelial dysfunction, alterations of kidney perfusion, and myocardial function, organ “crosstalk” and ubiquitous inflammatory injury have been extensively reviewed in light of their role in cardiorenal syndrome etiology. Treatment includes early and targeted optimization of hemodynamics to reverse systemic hypotension and restore urinary output. In case of persistent renal impairment, renal replacement therapy may be used to remove cytokines and restore renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chelazzi
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Critical Care, University of Florence, Padiglione Cliniche Chirurgiche, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy
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