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Bykova KM. Measurement of surface electromyography activity during swallowing in paediatrics: a scoping literature review. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05685-2. [PMID: 39037451 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various health conditions. For example, sEMG biofeedback is shown to be beneficial in adults with swallowing disorders (dysphagia), whereas there are no easily identifiable studies to support such evidence in paediatrics. The current review aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing sEMG during swallowing tasks in paediatric populations with various diagnoses. Additionally, the review aimed to describe findings in publications involving participants with cerebral palsy (CP) and dysphagia. Paediatric-related publications were sourced using English keywords and phrases across the following seven databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The search included all available publications without language and date restrictions. Publications using sEMG during chewing tasks were also accepted in the review as chewing is considered to be part of the act of swallowing. The feasibility of measuring sEMG during swallowing in children with various health conditions was supported by 116 publications (n = 6 literature reviews) that met the inclusion criteria for the final full-text review. However, a few publications described some difficulties occurring directly during the sEMG data collection sessions. The review identified 15 publications involving 177 participants with CP who underwent sEMG while swallowing (n = 1 publication focused solely on the assessment of chewing). Ten publications described studies that recruited children with dysphagia. Children with CP who had dysphagia were recruited in five of these studies. CONCLUSIONS The acquisition of sEMG measurements while performing swallowing tasks was shown to be feasible in children with various diagnoses including those who have CP and dysphagia. Future studies should investigate the implementation of sEMG as a part of paediatric dysphagia therapy alongside biofeedback swallowing skill training. WHAT IS KNOWN • Surface electromyography (sEMG) could be implemented for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various health conditions. • Biofeedback using sEMG is beneficial in adults with swallowing disorders (dysphagia). WHAT IS NEW • Implementation of sEMG was shown to be feasible during swallowing tasks in paediatric populations with various diagnoses, including dysphagia and cerebral palsy. • The usage of sEMG biofeedback as a part of paediatric dysphagia management should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia M Bykova
- Rose Centre for Stroke Recovery and Research, School of Psychology Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, 249 Papanui Road, Christchurch, 8052, New Zealand.
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Ogura H, Numazaki K, Oyanagi T, Seiryu M, Ito A, Noguchi T, Ohori F, Yoshida M, Fukunaga T, Kitaura H, Mizoguchi I. Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Treatment Effects and Post-Treatment Stability of Maxillary Molar Intrusion Using Temporary Anchorage Devices in Open Bite Malocclusion. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2753. [PMID: 38792293 PMCID: PMC11121792 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated treatment outcomes and post-treatment stability in 10 patients with an anterior open bite and nonsurgical orthodontics. Methods: The patients underwent maxillary molar intrusion using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) to deepen the overbite due to mandibular autorotation. Lateral cephalograms and dental cast models were obtained before treatment (T0), immediately after it (T1), and >1 year after it (T2). Skeletal and dental cephalometric changes and three-dimensional movements of the maxillary dentitions were evaluated. Results: At T0, cephalometric analysis indicated that patients had skeletal class I with tendencies for a class II jaw relationship and a skeletal open bite. During active treatment (T0 to T1), the maxillary first molar intruded by 1.6 mm, the mandibular first molar extruded by 0.3 mm, the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle decreased by 1.1°, and the overbite increased by 4.1 mm. Statistically significant changes were observed in the amount of vertical movement of the maxillary first molar, Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, and overbite. Three-dimensional (3D) dental cast analysis revealed that the maxillary first and second molars intruded, whereas the anterior teeth extruded, with the second premolar as an infection point. In addition, the maxillary molar was tipped distally by 2.9° and rotated distally by 0.91°. Statistically significant changes were observed in the amount of vertical movement of the central incisor, lateral incisor, canine and first molar, and molar angulation. From T1 to T2, no significant changes in cephalometric measurements or the 3D position of the maxillary dentition were observed. The maxillary and mandibular dentitions did not significantly change during post-treatment follow-up. Conclusions: Maxillary molar intrusion using mini-screws is an effective treatment for open bite correction, with the achieved occlusion demonstrating 3D stability at least 1 year after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kento Numazaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.O.); (T.O.); (M.S.); (A.I.); (T.N.); (F.O.); (M.Y.); (T.F.); (H.K.); (I.M.)
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Lim HK, Song IS, Park JE, Choi WC, Hwang J, Choi YJ, Kim DK, Lee UL. Relation Between Masticatory Performance and Skeletal Properties in Patients With Skeletal Class III Malocclusion. J Craniofac Surg 2024:00001665-990000000-01372. [PMID: 38393303 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure masticatory performance (MP) using β-carotene gummy jelly to investigate its relationship with skeletal properties in decompensated patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion. The study included 78 patients (38 men and 40 women) diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion without temporomandibular joint disorder and periodontal disease. MP was measured using a new masticatory measuring device and β-carotene in the gummy jelly. Lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms were obtained, and skeletal properties (Me deviation, ANB, SNB, APDI, Wits, ODI, facial axis, body length, ramus length, SN-GoGn, anterior facial height, posterior facial height, saddle angle, articular angle, and gonial angle) were evaluated. MP differences according to age and sex and the effect of skeletal properties on MP were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The MP of all patients was 3690.55±1428.77 mm², MP of the male group was 4043.05±1498.09 mm², and MP of the female group was 3355.68±1272.19 mm². Among the items investigated, the variable that affected MP was posterior facial height. Posterior facial height showed a positive correlation (P=0.022). There was no significant difference between MP and other skeletal properties (P>0.05). The severity of the hypodivergency in skeletal class III could affect MP. The relationship between facial asymmetry or skeletal relation and MP could not be explained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyung Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seok Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Cheul Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Lyong Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Santos REA, Silva HJD, da Silva MG, Barbosa DAM, Silva CMM, Azevêdo NC, Pinheiro IL, Lopes PEDS, da Silva Aragão R, Ferraz Pereira KN. Food consumption and masticatory performance of normal weight, overweight and obese children aged 7 to 12 years old. Physiol Behav 2023; 264:114141. [PMID: 36870382 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem. Studies show that obese children are more likely to become obese adults. In an attempt to ascertain the factors associated with childhood obesity, research has shown that this condition is associated with changes in food consumption and masticatory performance. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate food consumption and masticatory performance in normal weight, overweight and obese children aged 7 - 12 years. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 92 children aged 7 - 12 years, of both sexes, from a public school in a Brazilian municipality. The children were divided into the following groups: normal weight (n = 48), overweight (n = 26) and obese (n = 18). Anthropometric parameters, food consumption, food consistency preference, and masticatory performance were evaluated. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. To compare numerical variables, the one-way ANOVA test was applied. For variables not conforming to a normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Our results show that the children with obesity consumed fewer fresh foods (median = 3, IQI = 4.00-2.00, p = 0.026), consumed more ultra-processed foods (median = 4, IQI = 4.00-2.00, p = 0.011), performed fewer mastication sequences (median = 2, IQI = 3.00-2.00, p = 0.007), and ate faster (median = 58.50, IQI = 69.00-48.00, p = 0.026) compared to children of normal weight. We conclude that children with obesity exhibit differences in food consumption and masticatory performance compared to children of normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilton Justino da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health of Human Communication, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Giselda da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Danielly Alves Mendes Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Cynthya Myllena Martins Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Nilian Cerqueira Azevêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Health of Human Communication, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabeli Lins Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Pablo Erick da Silva Lopes
- Postgraduate program in child and adolescent health. Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Kelli Nogueira Ferraz Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health of Human Communication, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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Schmidt M, Slavicek G, Slavicek F, Schulz MC, Aretxabaleta M, Effert J, Koos B, Weise C. Masticatory Efficiency in Orthodontic Patients with Craniofacial Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4324. [PMID: 36901330 PMCID: PMC10001527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the masticatory efficiency in patients with craniofacial disorders (CD) compared to controls (C). A total of 119 participants (7-21 years), divided into CD group (n = 42, mean age 13.45 ± 5.2 years) and C group (n = 77, mean age 14.3 ± 3.27 years) under an orthodontic treatment were included. Masticatory efficiency was assessed using a standard food model test. The masticated food was examined according to its number of particles (n) and area (mm2), wherein a higher number of particles alongside a smaller area was an indication of better masticatory efficiency. Additionally, the influence of cleft formation, chewing side, dentition stage, age and sex were evaluated. Patients with CD chewed the standardized food in fewer particles (nCD = 61.76 vs. nC = 84.58), with a significantly higher amount of area than the controls (ACD = 192.91 mm2 vs. AC = 146.84 mm2; p = 0.04). In conclusion, patients with CD showed a significantly decreased mastication efficiency compared to healthy patients. Factors such as stage of cleft formation, chewing side, dentition stage and age showed an influence on masticatory efficiency, whereas no gender effect on the masticatory efficiency of CD patients was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schmidt
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias C. Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maite Aretxabaleta
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Josephine Effert
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Koos
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christina Weise
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Longitudinal changes in electromyographic activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscle before and after alloplastic total joint replacement in temporomandibular ankylosis patient-A prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 60:896-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effect of malocclusion on jaw motor function and chewing in children: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2335-2351. [PMID: 34985577 PMCID: PMC8898242 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of dental/skeletal malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on four main objective parameters of chewing and jaw function (maximum occlusal bite force [MOBF], masticatory muscle electromyography [EMG], jaw kinematics, and chewing efficiency/performance) in healthy children. Materials and methods Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE (OVID), Embase, and the Web of Science Core Collection. Studies that examined the four parameters in healthy children with malocclusions were included. The quality of studies and overall evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute and GRADE tools, respectively. Results The searches identified 8192 studies; 57 were finally included. The quality of included studies was high in nine studies, moderate in twenty-three studies, and low in twenty-five studies. During the primary dentition, children with malocclusions showed similar MOBF and lower chewing efficiency compared to control subjects. During mixed/permanent dentition, children with malocclusion showed lower MOBF and EMG activity and chewing efficiency compared to control subjects. The jaw kinematics of children with unilateral posterior crossbite showed a larger jaw opening angle and a higher frequency of reverse chewing cycles compared to crossbite-free children. There was a low to moderate level of evidence on the effects of orthodontic treatment in restoring normal jaw function. Conclusions Based on the limitations of the studies included, it is not entirely possible to either support or deny the influence of dental/skeletal malocclusion traits on MOBF, EMG, jaw kinematics, and masticatory performance in healthy children. Furthermore, well-designed longitudinal studies may be needed to determine whether orthodontic treatments can improve chewing function in general. Clinical relevance Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, which includes evaluation and restoration of function, may or may not mitigate the effects of malocclusion and restore normal chewing function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-04356-y.
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The Electrical Activity of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle in Children with Down Syndrome-A Preliminary Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235611. [PMID: 34884313 PMCID: PMC8658604 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the electrical activity of the superior (SOO) and inferior (IOO) orbicularis oris muscles in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in children without DS. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 subjects were eligible to participate in the later stages of the research—15 subjects with DS (mean age 10.1 ± 1.1) and 15 healthy controls (mean age 9.8 ± 1.0). The electrical potentials of the SOO and IOO muscles were recorded using a DAB-Bluetooth electromyography machine (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) during the following tasks: At clinical rest, saliva swallowing, lip protrusion, lip compression, and production of the syllable/pa/. The Mann–Whitney U test was conducted to compare the study results between the groups. An analysis of the electromyographical (EMG) recordings showed that the electrical activity of the orbicularis oris muscle in children with DS and lip incompetence was significantly higher compared to healthy children during saliva swallowing, lip compression, and when producing the syllable/pa/, and this may suggest greater muscular effort due to the need to seal the lips during these functional conditions.
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Szyszka-Sommerfeld L, Machoy ME, Wilczyński S, Lipski M, Woźniak K. Superior Orbicularis Oris Muscle Activity in Children Surgically Treated for Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1720. [PMID: 33923491 PMCID: PMC8074006 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle both in children surgically treated for bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) as well as in subjects without BCCLP. The study comprised 77 children aged 6.6 to 12.5 years. All the patients with clefts had previously undergone lip and palate surgery. The upper lip electromyographic (EMG) assessments were made with a DAB-Bluetooth device (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest, while swallowing saliva, protruding lips and compressing lips. EMG measurements were also made when the subjects produced phonemes /p/, /b/, and /m/ with the vowel /a/. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to statistically analyze the EMG values. Significantly higher median upper lip EMG activity under working conditions such as swallowing saliva, lip compression, and production of the phoneme /p/ with the vowel /a/ was observed in patients with BCCLP compared to those without a cleft. The results of the study showed that the upper lip muscle activity increases in children with BCCLP when swallowing saliva, compressing lips and during some speech movement tasks. This may be important in the aspect of the effect of surgical lip repair on the craniofacial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Monika Elżbieta Machoy
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.E.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 3 Kasztanowa Street, 41200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Lipski
- Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.E.M.); (K.W.)
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Shim J, Ho KCJ, Shim BC, Metaxas A, Somogyi-Ganss E, Di Sipio R, Cioffi I. Impact of post-orthodontic dental occlusion on masticatory performance and chewing efficiency. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:587-595. [PMID: 31768524 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether precise orthodontic detailing of occlusion impacts masticatory function is unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of post-orthodontic dental occlusion on masticatory performance and chewing efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four adults who completed orthodontic treatment were categorized into two groups using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) model grading system: one meeting ABO standards (ABO, N = 29), the other failing to meet them (non-ABO, N = 25). The electromyographic (EMG) signals of the anterior temporalis (AT) and superficial masseter muscles were recorded bilaterally during static (clenching) and dynamic (gum chewing) tests. Chewing efficiency was measured by calculating the median particle size (MPS) and broadness of particle distribution (BPD) after five chewing trials of experimental silicone food at a standardized chewing rate. RESULTS Participants of the ABO group had a slightly more symmetric activation of the AT muscles during clenching (P = 0.016) and chewed a gum at a slower rate (P = 0.030). During the standardized chewing test with silicone food, ABO subjects had slightly greater EMG potentials at all muscle locations than non-ABO individuals (all P < 0.05). MPS and BDP did not differ significantly between groups (all P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS The severity of the initial malocclusion of the study participants was not in the statistical model as a potential confounder on the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Meeting ABO standards contributes to a slightly more balanced activation of the temporalis muscles during clenching and more efficient muscle recruitment during chewing but does not improve chewing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Shim
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ka Chun Jeremy Ho
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C Shim
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Iacopo Cioffi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Surface Electromyography as a Method for Diagnosing Muscle Function in Patients with Congenital Maxillofacial Abnormalities. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:8846920. [PMID: 33029337 PMCID: PMC7527883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8846920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) is the most objective and reliable method available for imaging muscle function and efficiency, which is done by identifying their electrical potentials. In global surface electromyography (sEMG), surface electrodes are located on the surface of the skin, and it detects superimposed motor unit action potentials from many muscle fibers. sEMG is widely used in orthodontics and maxillofacial orthopaedics to diagnose and treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients, assess stomatognathic system dysfunctions in patients with malocclusions, and monitor orthodontic therapies. Information regarding muscle sEMG activity in subjects with congenital maxillofacial abnormalities is limited. For this reason, the aim of this review is to discuss the usefulness of surface electromyography as a method for diagnosing muscle function in patients with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region. Original papers on this subject, published in English between 1995 until 2020, are located in the MEDLINE/PubMed database.
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Assessment of Masticatory Muscle Function in Patients with Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate and Posterior Crossbite by means of Electromyography. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:8828006. [PMID: 32908658 PMCID: PMC7474777 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8828006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in children with a bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) and posterior crossbite as well as in noncleft subjects with no malocclusion. Another purpose of the study was to examine the possible factors associated with this muscle activity. Methods The study included 52 children with mixed dentition and Class I occlusions (20 patients with nonsyndromic BCCLP and 32 subjects with no clefts). All the cleft patients had posterior crossbite. The surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to identify the electrical potentials of the temporalis and masseter muscles. The electromyographical (EMG) recordings were taken with a DAB-Bluetooth Instrument (zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest and during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC). The relationships between muscle EMG activity and independent variables were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The EMG activity of the temporalis muscles at rest was significantly higher in BCCLP patients with malocclusion in comparison with the noncleft subjects with normal occlusion. During MVC, significantly lower electrical potentials of the temporalis and masseter muscles were observed in cleft patients compared to the noncleft group. The presence of BCCLP, unilateral posterior crossbites, increased vertical overlap, and increased overjet are factors strongly associated with higher temporalis muscle EMG activity at rest. Conclusion The use of surface electromyography in imaging muscle function showed that children with BCCLP and posterior crossbite exhibited altered masticatory muscle potentials at rest and during clenching. The presence of unilateral posterior crossbites, increased vertical overlap, and increased overjet had a significant impact on temporalis muscle activity in cleft patients. This knowledge is important in the aspect of early and proper diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of malocclusions, thereby achieving correct occlusion and improvement in muscle function.
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The Electrical Activity of Masseter and Anterior Temporal Muscles in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:e547-e551. [PMID: 31022137 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the electrical activity of masseter and anterior temporal muscles in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) and compare it with healthy volunteers. The study involved 20 female patients (mean age 20 ± 4 years) with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had undergone lip and palate surgery in childhood and finished the first-phase orthodontic therapy with level and align teeth. Twenty age- and sex-matched volunteers with no cleft lip and palate were involved as controls. Electromyographic (EMG) signals of masseter and anterior temporal muscles were recorded at rest position, during swallowing and during maximum bite force (MBF). EMG signals at different test conditions were compared between the cleft and noncleft sides of CLP patients and between CLP patients and healthy individuals. The EMG potentials of masseter (rest, swallowing, MBF) and temporal (rest, MBF) muscles were significantly higher in the cleft than the noncleft side of CLP patients (P value <0.001). Generally, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate experienced a significant increase in the electrical activity of the masseter and temporal muscles in both sides compared to the control group (P <0.05). In conclusion, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate exhibit overall greater masticatory muscle activity compared to healthy individuals. The asymmetric masticatory function in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate may be associated with severe consequences such as asymmetric facial growth, implying the importance of early diagnosis and orthodontic treatment to achieve a favorable environment for balanced facial growth in CLP affected patients.
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Relation entre l’épaisseur du masséter et la morphologie maxillofaciale chez les patients avant traitement orthodontique. Int Orthod 2018; 16:698-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Relationship between masseter muscle thickness and maxillofacial morphology in pre-orthodontic treatment patients. Int Orthod 2018; 16:698-711. [PMID: 30348502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between masseter muscle thickness and cephalometric facial parameters in pre-orthodontic treatment patients. Participants were grouped according to their vertical facial patterns into low, normal, and high angle facial patterns using standardised lateral cephalometric radiograph. Associations between the masseter muscle thickness (measured using ultrasonography) and different vertical facial patterns were analysed. Masseter muscle thickness in low angle subjects were significantly higher than the normal and high angle cases during both relaxation and contraction phases (P<0.001). Masseter muscle thickness correlated positively with Jarabak ratio and ramus thickness (R1/R2) during both phases, and negatively with LAFH, FMA, MMPA and gonial angle.
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Szyszka-Sommerfeld L, Woźniak K, Matthews-Brzozowska T, Kawala B, Mikulewicz M, Machoy M. The electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in children with cleft lip and palate. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:257-265. [PMID: 29193427 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding masticatory muscle function in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) is limited. As a consequence, research on masticatory muscle activity in cleft subjects is needed. AIM To assess masticatory muscle activity in children surgically treated for CLP as well as identify the possible factors associated with this activity. DESIGN The sample comprised 82 children with mixed dentition and Class I occlusions (25 children with unilateral CLP and 57 subjects with no cleft abnormalities). A DAB-Bluetooth Instrument (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) was used to take electromyographical (EMG) recordings of the temporal and masseter muscles both in the mandibular rest position and during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). RESULTS Patients with clefts showed a significant increase in temporal muscle activity at rest compared with the controls. The presence of clefts and unilateral posterior crossbites are factors strongly associated with increased temporal muscle EMG potentials during rest position. CONCLUSIONS Children with clefts have altered temporal muscle function. The presence of posterior crossbites affects the temporal muscle activity in cleft subjects. Early diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of malocclusions are necessary to achieve functional improvement in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Teresa Matthews-Brzozowska
- Department and Clinic of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Kawala
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Mikulewicz
- Division of Facial Abnormalities, Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Machoy
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Ortu E, Pietropaoli D, Adib F, Masci C, Giannoni M, Monaco A. Electromyographic evaluation in children orthodontically treated for skeletal Class II malocclusion: Comparison of two treatment techniques. Cranio 2017; 37:129-135. [PMID: 29143566 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1393916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical efficacy of two techniques for fabricating a Bimler device by assessing the patient's surface electromyography (sEMG) activity at rest before treatment and six months after treatment. METHODS Twenty-four patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study; 12 formed the test group and wore a Bimler device fabricated with a Myoprint impression using neuromuscular orthodontic technique and 12 formed the control group and were treated by traditional orthodontic technique with a wax bite in protrusion. The "rest" sEMG of each patient was recorded prior to treatment and six months after treatment. RESULTS The neuromuscular-designed Bimler device was more comfortable and provided better treatment results than the traditional Bimler device. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the patient group subjected to neuromuscular orthodontic treatment had a treatment outcome with more relaxed masticatory muscles and better function versus the traditional orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ortu
- a MeSVA Department , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | | | - Fray Adib
- b Myotronics-Noromed, Inc. , Kent , WA , USA
| | - Chiara Masci
- a MeSVA Department , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Mario Giannoni
- a MeSVA Department , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- a MeSVA Department , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
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Remijn L, Groen BE, Speyer R, van Limbeek J, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW. Reproducibility of 3D kinematics and surface electromyography measurements of mastication. Physiol Behav 2016; 155:112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Garcia DGB, Benevides SD, Araujo RP, Ribeiro CDO, Mello SMF. Mastigação habitual e atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter e temporal em escolares de 7 a 12 anos. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201412413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Woźniak K, Piątkowska D, Lipski M, Mehr K. Surface electromyography in orthodontics - a literature review. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:416-23. [PMID: 23722255 PMCID: PMC3673808 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromyography is the most objective and reliable technique for evaluating muscle function and efficiency by detecting their electrical potentials. It makes it possible to assess the extent and duration of muscle activity. The main aim of surface electromyography is to detect signals from many muscle fibers in the area of the detecting surface electrodes. These signals consist of a weighted summation of the spatial and temporal activity of many motor units. Hence, the analysis of the recordings is restricted to an assessment of general muscle activity, the cooperation of different muscles, and the variability of their activity over time. This study presents the main assumptions in the assessment of electrical muscle activity through the use of surface electromyography, along with its limitations and possibilities for further use in many areas of orthodontics. The main clinical uses of sEMG include the diagnostics and therapy of temporomandibular joint disorders, an assessment of the extent of stomatognathic system dysfunctions in subjects with malocclusion, and the monitoring of orthodontic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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