1
|
Anusuya V, Anjana R. Regarding the influence of facial width on the perception of lip protrusion and its differences between profile and 3-dimensional video clip. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 166:195. [PMID: 39277271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
|
2
|
Wang ZW, Kim HJ, Noh HK, Park HS. Influence of facial width on the perception of lip protrusion and its differences between profile and 3-dimensional video clip. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:447-457. [PMID: 38165290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the influence of facial width on the perception of lip protrusion and investigated the concordance between 2-dimensional (2D) profile images and 3-dimensional (3D) video clips in assessing lip protrusion. METHODS An Asian female standard head model was created using 3D modeling software. Eight head models were constructed by modifying the standard head model in terms of facial width (broad, neutral, and slim) and lip protrusion (retrusive, straight, and protrusive). Overall, 97 Asian raters rated the lip protrusion from the 2D profiles and 3D rotation video clips of the 9 models. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the perception of lip protrusion in terms of sex, age, or occupation. Compared with the 2D profiles, the 3D video clips were rated as more protrusive in 8 of the 9 head models, with the retrusive broad, retrusive neutral, straight broad, and straight slim faces showing statistical significance (P <0.01). The rating is significantly higher in slim faces than in broad faces across the 3 groups of 2D profiles (P <0.01). For 3D video clips, the rating was higher in slim faces than in broad faces in all 3 groups, whereas differences were significant in the straight and protrusive groups only (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this study, 3D video clips were more sensitive to the perception of lip protrusion than were 2D profiles to some extent. The lips were rated relatively more protrusive in a slim face than in a broad face. Therefore, the relationship between facial width and lip protrusion should be considered in orthodontic treatment goals and treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Noh
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Sang Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nabavizadeh A, Zeini N, Azarm A, Khalili P, Hajipour F, Khaghani S. Investigating the Relationship between the Dimensions and Morphology of Sella Turcica with the Long-Face Growth Pattern and the Vertical Growth Pattern. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:9414184. [PMID: 37635897 PMCID: PMC10460278 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9414184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The sella turcica is one of the important landmarks of lateral cephalometry, which is used in orthodontics for the diagnosis, treatment plan, and evaluation of skeletal development and maturity. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the dimensions and morphology of sella turcica with the long-face growth pattern and people with an open bite. This study also examines the relationship between sella turcica bridging (STB) and the vertical growth pattern. Methods As many as 153 radiographs were analyzed using the Romexis software, considering the basal, gonial, and FMA angles to determine the vertical growth pattern of the face. The basal angle was also used to check for an open bite. Of these patients, 80 had a long vertical face growth pattern, and 73 had a normal face growth pattern. The four landmarks of tuberculum sellae, dorsum sellae, sellae floor, and posterior clinoid were determined on the cephalograms to measure the length, depth, and anteroposterior diameter of the sella turcica. Results In this study, it was found that the chance of developing a long face in people with partial and complete bridging is 8.37 and 1.92, respectively. An increase in the length of the sella turcica for one unit decreases the chance of a long face, and as the depth of the sella turcica increases, the chance of a long face increases. Conclusions STB is frequently seen in people with long faces. However, this finding should be considered in relation to other diagnostic parameters. The shorter the length and higher the depth of sella turcica, the higher the chance of developing a long face.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran
| | - Negar Zeini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Azarm
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalili
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajipour
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sarah Khaghani
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ng JHH, Singh P, Wang Z, Yang Y, Khambay BS, Gu M. The reliability of analytical reference lines for determining esthetically pleasing lip position: An assessment of consistency, sensitivity, and specificity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023:S0889-5406(23)00225-1. [PMID: 37227323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to identify a simple yet reliable soft-tissue parameter for the clinical determination of esthetic lip position by investigating the most consistent reference lines and assessing their sensitivity and specificity. METHODS A total of 5745 records from Chinese patients aged >18 years were screened. In part I of the study, lateral view photographs of 96 subjects (33 males, 63 females) with esthetic facial profiles were selected. The profile esthetics of each photograph was first scored by 52 dental students, followed by 97 laypeople on a 5-point attractiveness scale. For the top 25% of photographs with the highest score for each sex (8 males, 16 females), the consistency of 6 commonly used reference lines were assessed to determine the esthetic lip position. In part II of the study, lip positions relative to Steiner's (S) and Ricketts' (E) lines in the profile photographs of 86 patients (43 males, 43 females) deemed to have an esthetically unpleasing profile were compared with those in 86 Chinese movie star idols (43 males, 43 females). RESULTS In part I of the study, the S, E, and Burstone's (B) lines exhibited the lowest standard deviations for the upper and lower lips. B line was excluded from further analysis because of its higher mean absolute values, and S and E lines were used for the subjective assessment in part II of the study. In part II, the S line showed a sensitivity of 86.0% and 86.0% and a specificity of 81.4% and 83.7% for males and females, respectively. In contrast, the E line presented a sensitivity of 88.4% and 93.0% and a specificity of 79.1% and 74.4% for males and females, respectively. CONCLUSIONS S, E, and B lines were the most consistent soft-tissue parameters among both sexes; however, because of the smaller absolute values, the S line would be more convenient among the 3 for a quick clinical assessment of lip position. Moreover, the performance of both S and E lines was similar among both sexes, which supports using these lines in assessing the esthetic lip position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradeep Singh
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Balvinder S Khambay
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, the School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Min Gu
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi J, Al-Ak'hali MS, Cai D, Guo Q, Cao Y, Alhammadi MS, Mashrah MA, Yang Y. Effect of the vertical facial pattern on the developmental relationship between the nasal bone and maxillary central incisors. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 37046239 PMCID: PMC10099635 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of vertical facial patterns on the developmental relationship between the nasal bone and maxillary central incisors. METHODS In this retrospective comparative study, the lateral cephalograms of 213 subjects (51 Males, 162 Females) with skeletal Class I malocclusion (aged 18-32 years) were classified into three equal groups: (1) hyperdivergent, (2) normodivergent, and (3) hypodivergent facial patterns based on the mandibular plane inclination (S-N/Go-Me). Several sets of measurements were extracted: (1) gradient and length of the nasal bone and maxillary central incisor, (2) the distance from apex and root of the nasal bone, and (3) maxillary central incisor to the true perpendicular from the digitized lateral cephalograms. The significance level was considered at P < 0.05. RESULTS The inclination angle and length between nasal bone and maxillary central incisor were positively correlated independent of vertical facial type. The inclination angle of the nasal bone in the hypodivergent group was significantly larger than the other two vertical facial patterns. The inclination angle of the maxillary central incisor increased successively in the hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups. The length of the nasal bone in the hyperdivergent group was significantly longer than that in the hypodivergent and normodivergent groups. The maxillary central incisor length in the hyperdivergent group was significantly longer than in the hypodivergent group. CONCLUSION A correlation between nasal bone and maxillary central incisors during the growth and development of the maxillofacial region was found. In Class I malocclusion subjects, hypodivergent patients were more likely to have a prominent and relatively short nasal bone and maxillary central incisors and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Mohammed Sultan Al-Ak'hali
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Dingjun Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiutong Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Maged S Alhammadi
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Ahmed Mashrah
- Department of Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seo KH, So DH, Song KT, Choi SK, Kang KH. Effect of lower facial height and anteroposterior lip position on esthetic preference for Korean silhouette profiles. Korean J Orthod 2021; 51:419-427. [PMID: 34803030 PMCID: PMC8607122 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.6.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic preference for various Korean silhouette profiles. METHODS The Korean average male and female profiles were modified by changing the lower facial height and anteroposterior lip position to produce nine types of profiles. In order to test intrarater reliability, the average profile was copied once more to be included for evaluation. A questionnaire containing 10 profiles for each sex, each of which had to be rated for preference on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, was administered to 30 adult orthodontic patients, 30 dental students, 30 orthodontists, and 30 dentists excluding orthodontists. The data were statistically analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The ICC of overall intrarater reliability was 0.629. For several profiles, significantly higher scores were given to male profiles than to female profiles (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the scores for all profiles among the four rater groups. Among the short profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the retruded profile, and among the vertically average and long profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the horizontally average profile (p < 0.001). Among all the profiles, significantly lower scores were given to the protruded profile (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed good overall intrarater reliability, with several types of male profiles being esthetically preferred over female profiles. Moreover, while retruded and horizontally average profiles were generally preferred, protruded profiles were not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Deuk-Hun So
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Tae Song
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effect of Observer's Sex and Chin Prominences on the Perception of the Lower Lip-Chin Prominence Angle. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:620-623. [PMID: 34519713 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the preferred range of lower lip-chin prominence angles in the Korean population and evaluate the effect of the individual lower lip-chin prominence angle on perceptions of esthetic chin profile.Chin prominence silhouettes were used to assess the lower lip-chin prominence preference. The observers randomly categorized each image as (1) normal, (2) slightly abnormal but not requiring surgical correction, and (3) abnormal and requiring surgery. Individual lower-chin prominence angles of all observers were analyzed using standardized clinical photographs.The normal range of lower lip-chin prominence angle is 0° to 25°; socially acceptable range is 0° to -10°, 25° to 40°; range needing surgery is -10° to -30° and 40° to 45°. Women are more tolerant to chin protrusion. A protrusive chin is more acceptable in observers with retrusive chin profile.Skeletal Class II profile is more acceptable than skeletal Class III in the Korean population. The individual lower-chin prominence angle could affect perception of desired surgery. These findings indicate that patient-specific treatment planning is important in achieving satisfaction in chin surgery.
Collapse
|
8
|
El Asmar R, Akl R, Ghoubril J, El Khoury E. Authors' response. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:705-706. [PMID: 34059204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
Miranda-Viana M, Freitas DQ, Gomes AF, Prado FB, Nejaim Y. Classification and Morphological Analysis of the Hard Palate in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans: A Retrospective Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:695.e1-695.e13. [PMID: 33358709 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the hard palate is a central structure of the skull and is involved in orthodontic and surgical procedures, it would be of interest to study the morphological aspects of this bone and its possible variations as per different patterns of skeletal development. Thus, this study aimed to develop a classification for the different morphological characteristics of the hard palate and to evaluate the relationship between these characteristics and the different skeletal patterns, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective and cross-sectional study used CBCT scans of patients seen from January 2014 to December 2016. Carestream Dental 3D Imaging software was applied to classify each patient according to vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns, and to evaluate the 3 morphological characteristics of the hard palate: depth (flat, regular, or deep), inclination (superior, parallel, or inferior), and presence of a bony projection (S-shaped). χ2 and Fisher's exact tests evaluated the relationship between the hard palate characteristics and the different skeletal patterns. RESULTS A total of 298 CBCT scans (144 males and 154 females) were evaluated. The depth of the hard palate was significantly related to both skeletal patterns in males (P < .05), with Class II and dolichocephalics presenting a greater amount of deep palates, while classes I and III and brachycephalics had a greater amount of regular palates. The inclination of the hard palate was significantly associated with the facial type in females (P < .05), with brachycephalics and mesocephalics presenting a greater amount of parallel palates, whereas dolichocephalics had a greater number of inferiorly inclined palates. Regarding the presence of the S-shape in the hard palate, there was a greater number of this projection in Class II males and brachycephalic females. CONCLUSIONS A morphological classification for the hard palate was developed. The morphology of the hard palate varied among the different skeletal patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Miranda-Viana
- Student, Department of Oral Diagnosis - Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis - Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Farias Gomes
- Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis - Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felippe Bevilacqua Prado
- Professor, Department of Morphology - Anatomy Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuri Nejaim
- Professor, Oral Radiology Area, Dental School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujii C, Onuma T, Nakamura F, Tome W, Sakai N, Sako N, Kitai N. Influence of dental education on eye gaze distribution when observing facial profiles with varying degrees of lip protrusion. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:476-482. [PMID: 33113591 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of dental education on eye gaze distribution when perceiving facial profile images with varying degrees of lip protrusion. METHODS Fifty-one subjects with dental education (dental-education group) and 47 without dental education (no-dental-education group) were included in this study. The eye gaze distribution of the subjects was recorded for 10 seconds using a non-contact eye tracker when determining whether or not the subjects judged each various facial profile image inappropriate. The facial profile images had varying degrees of upper-lip and lower-lip protrusion. The frequency of eye fixation (lasting >0.06 seconds) was counted. The duration was measured as the total time of eye fixation. The facial images were divided into 4 regions of interest (ROIs): the forehead (ROI-I); the orbit and nose root (ROI-II); the nose tip and upper lip (ROI-III); and the lower lip and chin (ROI-IV). The frequency and duration of eye fixation on each ROI was compared. RESULTS The frequency of eye fixation on ROI-II was greater in comparison to ROI-I and ROI-IV. The frequency of eye fixation on ROI-III was also greater in comparison to ROI-I and ROI-IV. The duration of eye fixation on ROI-III in the dental-education group was longer in comparison to the no-dental-education group. CONCLUSIONS Dental education influenced the eye fixation on the nose tip and upper lip when perceiving facial profile images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chise Fujii
- Department of Orthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuya Onuma
- Department of Management and Business, Faculty of Humanity-Oriented Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Department of Oral Physiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - Wakako Tome
- Department of Orthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakai
- Department of Psychology, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Organization for Advanced Studies, and Yotta Informatics Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noritaka Sako
- Department of Oral Physiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kitai
- Department of Orthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paduano S, Rongo R, Bucci R, Carvelli G, Cioffi I. Impact of functional orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness of children with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Eur J Orthod 2019; 42:144-150. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Background/objectives
Whether orthodontic treatment with functional appliances improves facial aesthetics is still under debate. This study aimed to determine whether functional orthodontic treatment improves the facial attractiveness of patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion.
Materials/method
Extraoral lateral photographs of 20 children with Class I (CLI, 11.7 ± 0.8 years), and before (T1) and after treatment (T2) photographs of patients with Class II division 1 (CLII T1 and CLII T2; mean age ± SD = 11.1 ± 0.6 years) treated with functional appliances, were transformed into black silhouettes. Three panels of examiners including 30 orthodontists (39.0 ± 10.1 years), 30 dentists (40.0 ± 9.7) and 30 laypersons (39.0 ± 9.2) evaluated the attractiveness of patients’ silhouettes using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and the sagittal position of patients’ upper lip, lower lip, and chin using a 3-point Likert scale. Two-way ANOVA and a chi-square test were used to test differences among groups. Statistically significance was set as P < 0.05.
Results
The silhouettes of CLII T2 individuals were more attractive than those of the other groups (all Ps < 0.001). The upper lip, lower lip, and the chin of these individuals were judged to be normally positioned in 69.5 per cent, 74.9 per cent, and 72.3 per cent of the assessments, respectively (all Ps < 0.05).
Limitations
This study did not account for the psychological profile of the examiners, which may have affected the ratings.
Conclusions/implications
Orthodontic treatment with functional appliances is associated with a superior facial profile attractiveness. Functional treatment should be considered as a treatment option to improve the facial appearance of children with Class II division 1 malocclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paduano
- Department of Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Rongo
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bucci
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carvelli
- Department of Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iacopo Cioffi
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Harrar H, Myers S, Ghanem AM. Art or Science? An Evidence-Based Approach to Human Facial Beauty a Quantitative Analysis Towards an Informed Clinical Aesthetic Practice. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; 42:137-146. [PMID: 29313062 PMCID: PMC5786654 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-017-1032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients often seek guidance from the aesthetic practitioners regarding treatments to enhance their 'beauty'. Is there a science behind the art of assessment and if so is it measurable? Through the centuries, this question has challenged scholars, artists and surgeons. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to undertake a review of the evidence behind quantitative facial measurements in assessing beauty to help the practitioner in everyday aesthetic practice. METHODS A Medline, Embase search for beauty, facial features and quantitative analysis was undertaken. SELECTION CRITERIA Inclusion criteria were studies on adults, and exclusions included studies undertaken for dental, cleft lip, oncology, burns or reconstructive surgeries. The abstracts and papers were appraised, and further studies excluded that were considered inappropriate. The data were extracted using a standardised table. The final dataset was appraised in accordance with the PRISMA checklist and Holland and Rees' critique tools. RESULTS Of the 1253 studies screened, 1139 were excluded from abstracts and a further 70 excluded from full text articles. The remaining 44 were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. It became evident that the datasets were not comparable. Nevertheless, common themes were obvious, and these were summarised. CONCLUSION Despite measures of the beauty of individual components to the sum of all the parts, such as symmetry and the golden ratio, we are yet far from establishing what truly constitutes quantitative beauty. Perhaps beauty is truly in the 'eyes of the beholder' (and perhaps in the eyes of the subject too). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harpal Harrar
- Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Simon Myers
- Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ali M Ghanem
- Academic Plastic Surgery Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|