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Bruun SN, Hansen C, Sonnesen L. Sleepiness in children with severe malocclusion compared with in children with neutral occlusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:593-601. [PMID: 38363255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to compare daytime sleepiness in children with severe malocclusion with healthy children with neutral occlusion (controls) and to analyze associations between daytime sleepiness and craniofacial morphology in children with severe malocclusion. METHODS In 120 children with severe malocclusion (73 girls, 47 boys; mean age, 11.96 years; mean body mass index [BMI] score, 18.97 kg/m2) and 35 controls (18 girls, 17 boys; mean age, 11.97 years; mean BMI score, 20.28 kg/m2), sleep and daytime sleepiness were recorded using Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Berlin Questionnaire. Occlusion was registered clinically, and craniofacial morphology was assessed on lateral cephalograms. Differences in daytime sleepiness and sleep between the groups and associations between daytime sleepiness and sleep and craniofacial morphology were analyzed by a general linear model adjusted for age, gender, and BMI score. RESULTS Daytime sleepiness occurred significantly more often in children with malocclusion than in control subjects (P = 0.015). There was a tendency for children with malocclusion to feel extremely tired during the day more often than controls (P = 0.054). There was no significant difference between the groups in sleeping hours during night-time, but the amount of sleep was negatively associated with age (P <0.001) and BMI score (P = 0.004). Only maxillary inclination was significantly associated with daytime sleepiness (P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Daytime sleepiness occurred significantly more often in children with severe malocclusion than in those with neutral occlusion, and the association between daytime sleepiness and craniofacial morphology may exist. The results might prove valuable in interdisciplinary collaboration between medical doctors and orthodontists in diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of children at risk for sleep-disordered breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Nygaard Bruun
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hansen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Sonnesen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Nosetti L, Zaffanello M, De Bernardi di Valserra F, Simoncini D, Beretta G, Guacci P, Piacentini G, Agosti M. Exploring the Intricate Links between Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy, Mouth Breathing, and Craniofacial Development in Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Unraveling the Vicious Cycle. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1426. [PMID: 37628425 PMCID: PMC10453215 DOI: 10.3390/children10081426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy has been well-acknowledged as the primary instigator of sleep-disordered breathing in the pediatric population. This condition spans a spectrum, from typical age-related growth that the immune system influences to persistent pathological hypertrophy. Reduction in air spaces, metabolic changes, neurobehavioral alterations, and chronic inflammation characterizes the latter form. As the go-to treatment, adenotonsillectomy has proven effective. However, it is not a guarantee for all patients, leaving us without reliable predictors of treatment success. Evidence suggests a connection between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and specific oral breathing patterns resulting from craniofacial development. This finding implies an intricate interdependence between the two, hinting at a self-sustaining vicious cycle that persists without proper intervention. The theories regarding the relationship between craniofacial conformation and sleep-disordered breathing have given rise to intriguing perspectives. In particular, the "gracilization theory" and the "gravitational hypothesis" have provided fascinating insights into the complex interaction between craniofacial conformation and SDB. Further investigation is crucial to unraveling the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind this relationship. It is also vital to explore the risk factors linked to adenotonsillectomy failure, study the long-term effects of adenotonsillar hypertrophy on craniofacial growth, and devise innovative diagnostic techniques to detect upper airway compromise early. Moreover, to assess their efficacy, we must delve into novel therapeutic approaches for cases that do not respond to traditional treatment, including positional therapy and orofacial myofunctional therapy. Though complex and unpredictable, these challenges promise to enhance our understanding and treatment of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and its related complications in children. By taking on this task, we can pave the way for more effective and targeted interventions, ultimately improving affected individuals' well-being and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Nosetti
- Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pediatrics, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.N.); (D.S.); (G.B.); (P.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Marco Zaffanello
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca De Bernardi di Valserra
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Daniela Simoncini
- Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pediatrics, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.N.); (D.S.); (G.B.); (P.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Beretta
- Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pediatrics, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.N.); (D.S.); (G.B.); (P.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Pietro Guacci
- Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pediatrics, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.N.); (D.S.); (G.B.); (P.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pediatrics, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.N.); (D.S.); (G.B.); (P.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Massimo Agosti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Li Y, Tong X, Wang S, Yu L, Yang G, Feng J, Liu Y. Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing in Shanghai: characteristics, independent risk factors and its association with malocclusion. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 36890501 PMCID: PMC9997003 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence and independent risk factors of SDB, and explore its association with malocclusion among 6-11-year-old children in Shanghai, China. METHODS A cluster sampling procedure was adopted in this cross-sectional study. Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was applied to evaluate the presence of SDB. Questionnaires including PSQ, medical history, family history, and daily habits/environment were completed by parents under instruction, and oral examinations were implemented by well-trained orthodontists. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors for SDB. Chi-square tests and Spearman's Rank Correlation were used to estimate the relationship between SDB and malocclusion. RESULTS A total of 3433 subjects (1788 males and 1645 females) were included in the study. The SDB prevalence was about 17.7%. Allergic rhinitis (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.79), adenotonsillar hypertrophy (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.82-3.19), paternal snoring (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.53-2.53), and maternal snoring (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.73) were independent risk factors for SDB. The SDB prevalence was higher in children with retrusive mandibles than in proper or excessive ones. No significant difference was observed in the correlation between SDB and lateral facial profile, mandible plane angle, constricted dental arch form, the severity of anterior overjet and overbite, degree of crowding and spacing, and the presence of crossbite and open bite. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of SDB in primary students in the Chinese urban population was high and highly associated with mandible retrusion. The independent risk factors included Allergic rhinitis, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, paternal snoring, and maternal snoring. More efforts should be made to enhance public education about SDB and related dental-maxillofacial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqin Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqiu Feng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Lin L, Zhao T, Qin D, Hua F, He H. The impact of mouth breathing on dentofacial development: A concise review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:929165. [PMID: 36159237 PMCID: PMC9498581 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.929165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouth breathing is one of the most common deleterious oral habits in children. It often results from upper airway obstruction, making the air enter completely or partially through oral cavity. In addition to nasal obstruction caused by various kinds of nasal diseases, the pathological hypertrophy of adenoids and/or tonsils is often the main etiologic factor of mouth breathing in children. Uncorrected mouth breathing can result in abnormal dental and maxillofacial development and affect the health of dentofacial system. Mouth breathers may present various types of growth patterns and malocclusion, depending on the exact etiology of mouth breathing. Furthermore, breathing through the oral cavity can negatively affect oral health, increasing the risk of caries and periodontal diseases. This review aims to provide a summary of recent publications with regard to the impact of mouth breathing on dentofacial development, describe their consistencies and differences, and briefly discuss potential reasons behind inconsistent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Lin
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Dentofacial Development and Sleep Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danchen Qin
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Dentofacial Development and Sleep Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fang Hua
| | - Hong He
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Dentofacial Development and Sleep Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hong He
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5
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Burska Z, Burghard M, Brożek-Mądry E, Sierdziński J, Krzeski A. Oral cavity morphology among children at risk of sleep disordered breathing. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:429-435. [PMID: 35366217 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate oral cavity morphology in children at risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). METHODS The study included children 3-17 years of age. The risk of SDB was evaluated using the paediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ); afterwards, children at risk of SDB were enrolled in the study group. A control group was randomly established from patients with negative PSQ results. The oral cavity morphology evaluation included assessment of the oropharynx using Mallampati classification (MC), palatine tonsil size using the Pirquet scale, occlusion and the presence of a high-arched palate and lingual frenulum. RESULTS A total of 131 children were evaluated, 65 in the study and 66 in the control group. The mean ages were 9.5 ± 3.0 and 9.4 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The presence of higher scores on the MC, higher scores in the Pirquet scale, a crossbite, a high-arched palate and a short frenulum were significantly more frequent in the study group than the control group. CONCLUSION The evaluation of oral morphology is an important part of paediatric examination. Enlarged palatine tonsils; higher scores on the MC; and the presence of a crossbite, short lingual frenulum and high-arched palate may suggest abnormal breathing during sleep in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Burska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Stępińska 19/25, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Burghard
- Medical Center in Ostrołęka, Ostroleka, Poland
| | - E Brożek-Mądry
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Stępińska 19/25, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Sierdziński
- Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Krzeski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Stępińska 19/25, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland
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Hansen C, Markström A, Sonnesen L. Sleep-disordered breathing and malocclusion in children and adolescents-a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:353-361. [PMID: 34779522 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has negative influence on children's development and well-being. Malocclusion due to some craniofacial anatomical characteristics may be associated with SDB. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to ascertain whether SDB is associated with malocclusion in children/adolescents, aged 6-15 years compared to healthy controls. METHODS Prospero ID: CRD42021232103. A systematic electronic literature search following PRISMA was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were as follows: Healthy children/adolescents aged 6-15 years with malocclusion undergoing polysomnography (PSG) or polygraphy (PG) and/or sleep questionnaire and orthodontic screening; compared to a healthy age-matched control group with neutral or minor deviation in the occlusion without requirement for orthodontic treatment; publications in English, Danish, Norwegian or Swedish published until 23 March 2021. JBI Critical Appraisal Tools and GRADE were used to evaluate the risk of bias and level of evidence. RESULTS The search resulted in 1996 records, 610 duplicates were removed, 1386 records were screened, and 1322 records were excluded. Sixty-four studies were selected for full-text reading, and four publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The included studies had moderate risk of bias, and the quality of evidence was low. CONCLUSION No firm conclusion can be drawn regarding an association between specific malocclusion traits and SDB. Thus, the studies found no association between molar relationship and crowding and SDB symptoms in children. It may be recommended that future studies include objective PSG or PG in diagnosis of SDB and compare groups of children with skeletal malocclusion and controls with neutral malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hansen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agneta Markström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory-, Allergy- and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Sonnesen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fernandes Fagundes NC, d'Apuzzo F, Perillo L, Puigdollers A, Gozal D, Graf D, Heo G, Flores-Mir C. Potential impact of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea on mandibular cortical width dimensions. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1627-1634. [PMID: 33745506 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To analyze differences in mandibular cortical width (MCW) among children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or at high- or low-risk for OSA. METHODS A total of 161 children were assessed: 60 children with polysomnographically diagnosed OSA, 56 children presenting symptoms suggestive of high-risk for OSA, and 45 children at low risk for OSA. Children at high- and low-risk for OSA were evaluated through the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. MCW was calculated using ImageJ software from panoramic radiograph images available from all participants. Differences between MCW measurements in the 3 groups were evaluated using analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, with age as a covariate. The association between MCW and specific cephalometric variables was assessed through regression analysis. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 9.6 ± 3.1 years (59% male and 41% female). The mean body mass index z-score was 0.62 ± 1.3. The polysomnographically diagnosed OSA group presented smaller MCW than the group at low-risk for OSA (mean difference = -0.385 mm, P = .001), but no difference with the group at high-risk for OSA (polysomnographically diagnosed OSA vs high-risk OSA: P = .085). In addition, the MCW in the group at high-risk for the OSA was significantly smaller than the group at low-risk for the OSA (mean difference = -0.301 mm, P = .014). The cephalometric variables (Sella-Nasion-A point angle (SNA) and Frankfort - Mandibular Plane angle (FMA)) explained only 8% of the variance in MCW. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in MCW appear to be present among children with OSA or those at high-risk for OSA, suggesting potential interactions between mandibular bone development and/or homeostasis and pediatric OSA. CITATION Fernandes Fagundes NC, d'Apuzzo F, Perillo L, et al. Potential impact of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea on mandibular cortical width dimensions. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(8):1627-1634.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizia d'Apuzzo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Orthodontic Program, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Perillo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Orthodontic Program, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreu Puigdollers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Orthopedics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Giseon Heo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Deng J, Balouch M, Mooney A, Ducoin CG, Camporesi EM. A capnography and transcutaneous CO 2 profile of bariatric patients during early postoperative period after opioid-sparing anesthesia. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:963-967. [PMID: 33622605 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive monitoring of partial pressure of carbon dioxide can be accomplished indirectly with capnography (PETCO2) or with transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring (PTCCO2). The use of capnography has been shown to offer an advantage over pulse oximetry alone in the early detection of adverse respiratory events when supplemental oxygen is administered. Furthermore, capnography allows for the monitoring of various respiratory measures, including end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and changes in breathing patterns. Transcutaneous CO2 also closely approximates arterial CO2 values, but is not as easy to monitor for prolonged periods. The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of capnography and of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in patients recovering from obesity surgery at high risk of developing postoperative obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS In a prospective observational study, 64 bariatric surgery patients at risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea were monitored in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) with either capnography alone (31 patients) or capnography plus transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring (33 additional patients) every 3-5 minutes for the duration of their recovery. Primary endpoints included end-tidal and transcutaneous carbon dioxide, peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, pain scores, and incidence of adverse respiratory events. RESULTS Although no adverse pulmonary events were observed, capnography detected several patients who experienced short periods of respiratory apnea while maintaining pulse oximetry readings within normal limits. Transcutaneous values were slow to change and averaged 4.5 ± 5.5 mm Hg (P < .05) higher than corresponding end-tidal measurements. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the capabilities of both these noninvasive techniques for postoperative monitoring. Capnography acutely monitors changes in respiration, whereas transcutaneous monitoring more accurately reflects arterial CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Deng
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Ashley Mooney
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Enrico M Camporesi
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; TeamHealth Anesthesia, Tampa, Florida.
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Torres-Lopez LV, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Migueles JH, Adelantado-Renau M, Plaza-Florido A, Solis-Urra P, Molina-Garcia P, Ortega FB. Associations of Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition with Risk of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051544. [PMID: 32443799 PMCID: PMC7291123 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sedentary behaviour, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and body composition parameters with risk of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children with overweight/obesity. One-hundred and nine children (10.0 ± 1.1 years old, 45 girls) with overweight (n = 27) and obesity (n = 82) were included. Television viewing time was self-reported by using the Spanish adaptation of the "Youth Activity Profile" (YAP) questionnaire. Sedentary time and physical activity were measured with accelerometry. CRF was assessed with the 20-m shuttle-run test and body composition parameters with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. SRBD were evaluated by using the Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Television viewing time was positively associated with risk of SRBD (r = 0.222, p = 0.021). CRF was negatively correlated with risk of SRBD (r = -0.210, p = 0.030). Body composition parameters were positively associated with risk of SRBD (all p < 0.05), except fat mass index. Stepwise regression analyses showed that body mass index (BMI) explained the largest proportion of the variance in SRBD (r2 = 0.063, p = 0.01) and television viewing time was the only one added after BMI (r2 change = 0.048, p = 0.022). This study supports the notion that higher body weight status negatively influences risk of SRBD and adds that unhealthy behaviours could contribute to worsen SRBD, related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. All the significant association observed in this manuscript were of small magnitude, indicating than other factors in addition to the one hereby studied contribute to explain the variance in SRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia V. Torres-Lopez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.H.M.); (A.P.-F.); (P.S.-U.); (P.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.H.M.); (A.P.-F.); (P.S.-U.); (P.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- MOVE-IT research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jairo H. Migueles
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.H.M.); (A.P.-F.); (P.S.-U.); (P.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
| | | | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.H.M.); (A.P.-F.); (P.S.-U.); (P.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.H.M.); (A.P.-F.); (P.S.-U.); (P.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile
| | - Pablo Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.H.M.); (A.P.-F.); (P.S.-U.); (P.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (C.C.-S.); (J.H.M.); (A.P.-F.); (P.S.-U.); (P.M.-G.); (F.B.O.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
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