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Chiu KH, Karpat M, Hahn J, Chang KY, Weber M, Wolf M, Aveic S, Fischer H. Cyclic Stretching Triggers Cell Orientation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in a Periodontal Ligament 3D In Vitro Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301422. [PMID: 37703581 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in regulating the tissue remodeling process. To decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process in vitro, suitable 3D models are needed that more closely approximate the situation in vivo. Here, a customized bioreactor is developed that allows dynamic loading of PDL-derived fibroblasts (PDLF). A collagen-based hydrogel mixture is optimized to maintain structural integrity and constant cell growth during stretching. Numerical simulations show a uniform stress distribution in the hydrogel construct under stretching. Compared to static conditions, controlled cyclic stretching results in directional alignment of collagen fibers and enhances proliferation and spreading ability of the embedded PDLF cells. Effective force transmission to the embedded cells is demonstrated by a more than threefold increase in Periostin protein expression. The cyclic stretch conditions also promote extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix, as confirmed by increased glycosaminoglycan production. These results highlight the importance of dynamic loading over an extended period of time to determine the behavior of PDLF and to identify in vitro mechanobiological cues triggered during OTM-like stimulus. The introduced dynamic bioreactor is therefore a useful in vitro tool to study these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hui Chiu
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mert Karpat
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hahn
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Rai V, Moellmer R, Agrawal DK. Role of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity in modulating angiogenesis and healing in the diabetic foot ulcer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1913-1929. [PMID: 36528662 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are an important clinical issue faced by clinicians despite the advanced treatment strategies consisting of wound debridement, off-loading, medication, wound dressings, and keeping the ulcer clean. Non-healing DFUs are associated with the risk of amputation, increased morbidity and mortality, and economic stress. Neo-angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation are necessary for physiological DFU healing and acute inflammation play a key role in healing. However, chronic inflammation in association with diabetic complications holds the ulcer in the inflammatory phase without progressing to the resolution phase contributing to non-healing. Fibroblasts acquiring myofibroblasts phenotype contribute to granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis. However, recent studies suggest the presence of five subtypes of fibroblast population and of changing density in non-healing DFUs. Further, the association of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity with wound healing suggests that the switch in fibroblast phenotype may affect wound healing. The fibroblast phenotype shift and altered function may be due to the presence of chronic inflammation or a diabetic wound microenvironment. This review focuses on the role of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity, the effect of hyperglycemia and inflammatory cytokines on fibroblasts, and the interaction of fibroblasts with other cells in diabetic wound microenvironment in the perspective of DFU healing. Next, we summarize secretory, angiogenic, and angiostatic phenotypes of fibroblast which have been discussed in other organ systems but not in relation to DFUs followed by the perspective on the role of their phenotypes in promoting angiogenesis in DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Rebecca Moellmer
- College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA
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Sun C, Janjic Rankovic M, Folwaczny M, Otto S, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U. Effect of Tension on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells: Systematic Review and Network Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695053. [PMID: 34513810 PMCID: PMC8429507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is based on the remodeling of tooth-surrounding tissues in response to mechanical stimuli. During this process, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) play a central role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Various in vitro models have been introduced to investigate the effect of tension on hPDLCs. They provide a valuable body of knowledge on how tension influences relevant genes, proteins, and metabolites. However, no systematic review summarizing these findings has been conducted so far. Aim of this systematic review was to identify all related in vitro studies reporting tension application on hPDLCs and summarize their findings regarding force parameters, including magnitude, frequency and duration. Expression data of genes, proteins, and metabolites was extracted and summarized. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using tailored risk of bias tools. Signaling pathways were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using STRING and GeneAnalytics. According to our results, Flexcell Strain Unit® and other silicone-plate or elastic membrane-based apparatuses were mainly adopted. Frequencies of 0.1 and 0.5 Hz were predominantly applied for dynamic equibiaxial and uniaxial tension, respectively. Magnitudes of 10 and 12% were mostly employed for dynamic tension and 2.5% for static tension. The 10 most commonly investigated genes, proteins and metabolites identified, were mainly involved in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis or inflammation. Gene-set enrichment analysis and PPI networks gave deeper insight into the involved signaling pathways. This review represents a brief summary of the massive body of knowledge in this field, and will also provide suggestions for future researches on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Sun
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wang Y, Song Y, Zhong Q, Wu Y, Zhuang J, Qu F, Xu C. Suppressing ROS generation by apocynin inhibited cyclic stretch-induced inflammatory reaction in HPDLCs via a caspase-1 dependent pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107129. [PMID: 33199234 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that cyclic stretch could induce inflammatory reaction in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Though reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported to be involved in pathogen-induced periodontal inflammatory reaction, its role in the force-related periodontal diseases has not been well clarified. This study inspected the role of ROS in the cyclic stretch-induced inflammatory reaction in HPDLCs and studied the inhibitory effect of antioxidant apocynin on this inflammatory reaction. Results confirmed that cyclic stretch induced inflammatory reaction and production of ROS in HPDLCs. This inflammatory reaction was inhibited by apocynin through blocking the production of ROS. The cyclic stretch also induced the expression of caspase-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome, which could also be inhibited by apocynin. Moreover, the cyclic stretch-induced inflammatory reaction was inhibited by caspase-1 inhibitor. Collectively, it is the first time that increased intracellular ROS was proved to play as an intermediate signal in the cyclic stretch-induced inflammatory reaction in HPDLCs, via a caspase-1-dependent pathway. The inhibitory effect of apocynin on the cyclic stretch-induced inflammatory reaction in HPDLCs shows the potential of antioxidants in the treatment of force-related periodontal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingshuang Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Zhuang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Koletsi D, Iliadi A, Papageorgiou SN, Konrad D, Eliades T. Evidence on the effect of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement. A systematic review with meta-analyses in pre-clinical in- vivo research. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 115:104739. [PMID: 32422362 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to appraise the existing evidence from pre- clinical research on tooth movement under the condition of hyperglycemic status. DESIGN Electronic search was conducted in 8 databases in October 13, 2019, to identify related pre- clinical animal research with keywords being: "diabetes mellitus", "tooth movement". Eligibility criteria involved controlled animal studies, entailing tooth movement under diabetic status compared to control healthy animals. Primary endpoints involved all outcomes related to tooth movement. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed through the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation tool (SYRCLE), while quantitative synthesis was planned after exploration of heterogeneity, through random effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of an initial number of 290 articles retrieved, 14 papers were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis, while 9 contributed to meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of experimental conditions in individual studies was evident. The risk of bias overall was rated as unclear to high. There was no evidence of a significant effect of diabetes mellitus when tooth movement was assessed macroscopically (6 studies, SMD: 1.47; 95 % CI: -0.60, 3.53; p = 0.16). However, attenuation of osteoblastic differentiation within the periodontal ligament was detected, as there was evidence of reduction of osteopontin expression (2 studies, SMD: -3.77; 95 %CI: -4.89, -2.66; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is currently a paucity of solid evidence with regard to alterations of the equilibrium of the implicated structures under the status of diabetes mellitus, when mechanical stimulation of teeth is attempted, with sporadic inferences from animal research. Significant research insights in how the disease impacts on orthodontic tooth movement are invaluable, at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Koletsi
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Iliadi
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Shen Y, Pan Y, Guo S, Sun L, Zhang C, Wang L. The roles of mechanosensitive ion channels and associated downstream MAPK signaling pathways in PDLC mechanotransduction. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2113-2122. [PMID: 32323761 PMCID: PMC7115221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the cytoskeleton, the Piezo1 ion channel and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) ion channel are equally functional in the mechanotransduction of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and to reveal the interplay of these mechanically sensitive ion channels (MSCs). Human PDLCs (hPDLCs) were pretreated with cytochalasin D (the inhibitor of actin polymerization), GsMTx4 (the antagonist of Piezo1) and GSK205 (the antagonist of TRPV4), and then subjected to periodic mechanical loading. The expression levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in hPDLCs were detected via western blotting. Osteoblast mineralization induction capacity of the hPDLCs was also studied and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression profile was determined via protein microarray. The expression of Piezo1 and TRPV4 in the PDLCs was significantly increased at 8 h after loading. These differences in expression were accompanied by increased expression of M-CSF, RANKL and COX2. Compared with the control group, key PDLC biomarkers were suppressed after mechanical loading following treatment with the inhibitors of Piezo1 (GsMTx4) and TRPV4 (GSK205). The phosphorylated-MAPK protein array showed differential biomarker profiles among all groups. The present study suggested that both MSCs and the cytoskeleton participated as mechanical sensors, and did so independently in hPDLC mechanotransduction. Furthermore, the Piezo1 ion channel may transmit mechanical signals via the ERK signaling pathway; however, the TRPV4 channel may function via alternative signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lian Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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