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Noreika A, Rutkiene R, Dumalakienė I, Vilienė R, Laurynėnas A, Povilonienė S, Skapas M, Meškys R, Kaliniene L. Insights into the Alcyoneusvirus Adsorption Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119320. [PMID: 37298271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The structures of the Caudovirales phage tails are key factors in determining the host specificity of these viruses. However, because of the enormous structural diversity, the molecular anatomy of the host recognition apparatus has been elucidated in only a number of phages. Klebsiella viruses vB_KleM_RaK2 (RaK2) and phiK64-1, which form a new genus Alcyoneusvirus according to the ICTV, have perhaps one of the most structurally sophisticated adsorption complexes of all tailed viruses described to date. Here, to gain insight into the early steps of the alcyoneusvirus infection process, the adsorption apparatus of bacteriophage RaK2 is studied in silico and in vitro. We experimentally demonstrate that ten proteins, gp098 and gp526-gp534, previously designated as putative structural/tail fiber proteins (TFPs), are present in the adsorption complex of RaK2. We show that two of these proteins, gp098 and gp531, are essential for attaching to Klebsiella pneumoniae KV-3 cells: gp531 is an active depolymerase that recognizes and degrades the capsule of this particular host, while gp098 is a secondary receptor-binding protein that requires the coordinated action of gp531. Finally, we demonstrate that RaK2 long tail fibers consist of nine TFPs, seven of which are depolymerases, and propose a model for their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Noreika
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Rutkiene
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irena Dumalakienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių St. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rita Vilienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių St. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Laurynėnas
- Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simona Povilonienė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Skapas
- Department of Characterisation of Materials Structure, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laura Kaliniene
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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van Leeuwen HC, Roelofs D, Corver J, Hensbergen P. Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial Pro-Pro-endopeptidase domain reveals a diverse family including secreted and membrane anchored proteins. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100024. [PMID: 34841315 PMCID: PMC8610288 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Pro-Pro-endopeptidase (PPEP) is the latest member of the metalloendopeptidase class (E.C. 3.4.24.89). PPEP homologs are found in two firmicutes orders, clostridiales and bacillales spread over 9 genera and more than 130 species. Some PPEP homologs have acquired additional anchor domains that bind noncovalently to various elements of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall. Prototype family members, PPEP-1 and PPEP-2, target bacterial surface adhesion proteins, but homologs could target other extracellular proteins.
Pro-Pro-endopeptidases (PPEP, EC 3.4.24.89) are secreted, zinc metalloproteases that have the unusual capacity to cleave a peptide bond between two prolines, a bond that is generally less sensitive to proteolytic cleavage. Two well studied members of the family are PPEP-1 and PPEP-2, produced by Clostridioides difficile, a human pathogen, and Paenibacillus alvei, a bee secondary invader, respectively. Both proteases seem to be involved in mediating bacterial adhesion by cleaving cell surface anchor proteins on the bacterium itself. By using basic alignment and phylogenetic profiling analysis, this work shows that the complete family of proteins that contain a PPEP domain includes proteins from more than 130 species spread over 9 genera. These analyses also suggest that the PPEP domain spread through horizontal gene transfer events between species within the Firmicutes’ classes Bacilli and Clostridia. Bacterial species containing PPEP homologs are found in diverse habitats, varying from human pathogens and gut microbiota to free-living bacteria, which were isolated from various environments, including extreme conditions such as hot springs, desert soil and salt lakes. The phylogenetic tree reveals the relationships between family members and suggests that smaller subgroups could share cleavage specificity, substrates and functional similarity. Except for PPEP-1 and PPEP-2, no cleavage specificity, specific physiological target, or function has been assigned for any of the other PPEP-family members. Some PPEP proteins have acquired additional domains that recognize and bind noncovalently to various elements of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell-wall, anchoring these PPEPs. Secreted or anchored to the cell-wall surface PPEP proteins seem to perform various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C van Leeuwen
- Department of CBRN Protection, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Lange Kleiweg 137, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- KeyGene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Corver
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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Cioni P, Gabellieri E, Campanini B, Bettati S, Raboni S. Use of Exogenous Enzymes in Human Therapy: Approved Drugs and Potential Applications. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:411-452. [PMID: 34259137 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210713094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and efficacious enzyme-based human therapies has increased greatly in the last decades, thanks to remarkable advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for different diseases, and the characterization of the catalytic activity of relevant exogenous enzymes that may play a remedial effect in the treatment of such pathologies. Several enzyme-based biotherapeutics have been approved by FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and EMA (the European Medicines Agency) and many are undergoing clinical trials. Apart from enzyme replacement therapy in human genetic diseases, which is not discussed in this review, approved enzymes for human therapy find applications in several fields, from cancer therapy to thrombolysis and the treatment, e.g., of clotting disorders, cystic fibrosis, lactose intolerance and collagen-based disorders. The majority of therapeutic enzymes are of microbial origin, the most convenient source due to fast, simple and cost-effective production and manipulation. The use of microbial recombinant enzymes has broadened prospects for human therapy but some hurdles such as high immunogenicity, protein instability, short half-life and low substrate affinity, still need to be tackled. Alternative sources of enzymes, with reduced side effects and improved activity, as well as genetic modification of the enzymes and novel delivery systems are constantly searched. Chemical modification strategies, targeted- and/or nanocarrier-mediated delivery, directed evolution and site-specific mutagenesis, fusion proteins generated by genetic manipulation are the most explored tools to reduce toxicity and improve bioavailability and cellular targeting. This review provides a description of exogenous enzymes that are presently employed for the therapeutic management of human diseases with their current FDA/EMA-approved status, along with those already experimented at the clinical level and potential promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cioni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma. Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbani Zamani F, Timur S, Zihnioglu F. Metal Binding Antimicrobial Peptides in Nanoparticle Bio-functionalization: New Heights in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:48-63. [PMID: 31001788 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are considered very important due to the diversity expressed through their amino acid sequence, structure variation, large spectrum, and their essential role in biological systems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerged as a potent tool in therapy owing to their antimicrobial properties but also their ability to trespass the membranes, specificity, and low toxicity. They comprise a variety of peptides from which specific amino acid-rich peptides are of interest to the current review due to their features in metal interaction and cell penetration. Histidine-rich peptides such as Histatins belong to the metal binding salivary residing peptides with efficient antibacterial, antifungal, and wound-healing activities. Furthermore, their ability to activate in acidic environment attracted the attention to their potential in therapy. The current review covers the current knowledge about AMPs and critically assess the potential of associating with metal ions both structurally and functionally. This review provides interesting hints for the advantages provided by AMPs and metal ions in biomedicine, making use of their direct properties in brain diseases therapy or in the creation of new bio-functionalized nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Production and Characterization of Recombinant Collagen-Binding Resilin Nanocomposite for Regenerative Medicine Applications. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vallet S, Guéroult M, Belloy N, Dauchez M, Ricard-Blum S. A Three-Dimensional Model of Human Lysyl Oxidase, a Cross-Linking Enzyme. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8495-8505. [PMID: 31459939 PMCID: PMC6647939 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a cross-linking enzyme identified 50 years ago, but its 3D structure is still unknown. We have thus built a 3D model of human LOX by homology modeling using the X-ray structure of human lysyl oxidase-like 2 as a template. This model is the first one to recapitulate all known biochemical features of LOX, namely, the coordination of the copper ion and the formation of the lysine tyrosylquinone cofactor and the disulfide bridges. Furthermore, this model is stable during a 1 μs molecular dynamics simulation. The catalytic site is located in a groove surrounded by two loops. The distance between these loops fluctuated during the simulations, which suggests that the groove forms a hinge with a variable opening, which is able to accommodate the various sizes of LOX substrates. This 3D model is a pre-requisite to perform docking experiments with LOX substrates and other partners to identify binding sites and to design new LOX inhibitors specific for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain
D. Vallet
- Univ
Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute
of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne
Cedex, France
| | - Marc Guéroult
- UMR 7369 URCA/CNRS
Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire
(MEDyC) and Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-échelle, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex
2, France
| | - Nicolas Belloy
- UMR 7369 URCA/CNRS
Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire
(MEDyC) and Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-échelle, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex
2, France
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- UMR 7369 URCA/CNRS
Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire
(MEDyC) and Plateau de Modélisation Moléculaire Multi-échelle, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex
2, France
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ
Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute
of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne
Cedex, France
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Nakamura S, Ito T, Okamoto K, Mima T, Uchida K, Siddiqui YD, Ito M, Tai M, Okubo K, Yamashiro K, Omori K, Yamamoto T, Matsushita O, Takashiba S. Acceleration of bone regeneration of horizontal bone defect in rats using collagen-binding basic fibroblast growth factor combined with collagen scaffolds. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1043-1052. [PMID: 30889294 PMCID: PMC6850180 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been applied for periodontal regeneration. However, the application depends on bone defect morphology because bFGF diffuses rapidly from defect sites. In a previous study, collagen‐binding bFGF (CB‐bFGF) has been shown to enhance bone formation by collagen‐anchoring in the orthopedic field. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of CB‐bFGF with collagen scaffolds in bone regeneration of horizontal bone defect. Methods Cell proliferation activity and collagen binding activity of CB‐bFGF was confirmed by WST‐8 assay and collagen binding assay, respectively. The retention of CB‐bFGF in the collagen sheet (CS) was measured by fluorescence imaging. The rat horizontal alveolar bone defect model was employed to investigate the efficacy of CB‐bFGF with collagen powder (CP). After 4 and 8 weeks, the regenerative efficacy was evaluated by microcomputed tomography, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results CB‐bFGF had a comparable proliferation activity to bFGF and a collagen binding activity. CB‐bFGF was retained in CS longer than bFGF. At 8 weeks postoperation, bone volume, bone mineral content, and new bone area in CB‐bFGF/CP group were significantly increased compared with those in other groups. Furthermore, epithelial downgrowth was significantly suppressed in CB‐bFGF/CP group. At 4 weeks, the numbers of osteocalcin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and osteopontin‐positive cells at the regeneration site in CB‐bFGF/CP group were greater than those in other groups. Conclusions CB‐bFGF/CP effectively promoted bone regeneration of horizontal bone defect possibly by sustained release of bFGF. The potential of CB‐bFGF composite material for improved periodontal regeneration in vertical axis was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nakamura
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan.,Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Medical Politics Economic Section, Medical Equipment Policy Office, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mima
- Department of Bacteriology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasir D Siddiqui
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masako Tai
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okubo
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
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Faisal TR, Adouni M, Dhaher YY. The effect of fibrillar degradation on the mechanics of articular cartilage: a computational model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:733-751. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Caviness P, Bauer R, Tanaka K, Janowska K, Roeser JR, Harter D, Sanders J, Ruth C, Matsushita O, Sakon J. Ca 2+ -induced orientation of tandem collagen binding domains from clostridial collagenase ColG permits two opposing functions of collagen fibril formation and retardation. FEBS J 2018; 285:3254-3269. [PMID: 30035850 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To penetrate host tissues, histotoxic clostridia secrete virulence factors including enzymes to hydrolyze extracellular matrix. Clostridium histolyticum, recently renamed as Hathewaya histolytica, produces two classes of collagenase (ColG and ColH). The high-speed AFM study showed that ColG collagenase moves unidirectionally to plane collagen fibril and rebundles fibril when stalled . The structural explanation of the roles for the tandem collagen-binding segment (CBDs) is illuminated by its calcium-bound crystal structure at 1.9 Å resolution (Rwork = 15.0%; Rfree = 19.6%). Activation may involve calcium-dependent domain rearrangement supported by both small-angle X-ray scattering and size exclusion chromatography. At pCa ≥ 5 (pCa = -log[Ca2+ ]), the tandem CBD adopts an extended conformation that may facilitate secretion from the bacterium. At pCa ≤ 4, the compact structure seen in the crystal structure is adopted. This arrangement positions the two binding surfaces ~ 55 Å apart, and possibly ushers ColG along tropocollagen molecules that allow for unidirectional movement. A sequential binding mode where tighter binding CBD2 binds first could aid in processivity as well. Switch from processive collagenolysis to fibril rearrangement could be concentration dependent. Collagen fibril formation is retarded at 1 : 1 molar ratio of tandem CBD to collagen. Tandem CBD may help isolate a tropocollagen molecule from a fibril at this ratio. At 0.1 : 1 to 0.5 : 1 molar ratios fibril self-assembly was accelerated. Gain of function as a result of gene duplication of CBD for the M9B enzymes is speculated. The binding and activation modes described here will aid in drug delivery design. ACCESSION CODES The full atomic coordinates of the tandem CBD and its corresponding structure factor amplitudes have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB accession code 5IKU). Small-angle X-ray scattering data and corresponding ab initio models have been submitted to the Small Angle Scattering Biological Data Bank (SASBDB). Accession codes CL2, collagenase module 2, CN2, CP2 are assigned to envelopes for tandem CBD at -log[Ca2+ ] (pCa) 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Accession code DC64 was assigned to the complex of polycystic kidney disease-CBD1-CBD2 with mini-collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry Caviness
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ryan Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Dawn Harter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jes Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Christopher Ruth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Joshua Sakon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Fused with Tandem Collagen-Binding Domains from Clostridium histolyticum Collagenase ColG Increases Bone Formation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8393194. [PMID: 29770338 PMCID: PMC5889866 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8393194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF) accelerates bone formation during fracture healing. Because the efficacy of bFGF decreases rapidly following its diffusion from fracture sites, however, repeated dosing is required to ensure a sustained therapeutic effect. We previously developed a fusion protein comprising bFGF, a polycystic kidney disease domain (PKD; s2b), and collagen-binding domain (CBD; s3) sourced from the Clostridium histolyticum class II collagenase, ColH, and reported that the combination of this fusion protein with a collagen-like peptide, poly(Pro-Hyp-Gly)10, induced mesenchymal cell proliferation and callus formation at fracture sites. In addition, C. histolyticum produces class I collagenase (ColG) with tandem CBDs (s3a and s3b) at the C-terminus. We therefore hypothesized that a bFGF fusion protein containing ColG-derived tandem CBDs (s3a and s3b) would show enhanced collagen-binding activity, leading to improved bone formation. Here, we examined the binding affinity of four collagen anchors derived from the two clostridial collagenases to H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly-(Pro-Hyp-Gly)12-NH2, a collagenous peptide, by surface plasmon resonance and found that tandem CBDs (s3a-s3b) have the highest affinity for the collagenous peptide. We also constructed four fusion proteins consisting of bFGF and s3 (bFGF-s3), s2b-s3b (bFGF-s2b-s3), s3b (bFGF-s3b), and s3a-s3b (bFGF-s3a-s3b) and compared their biological activities to those of a previous fusion construct (bFGF-s2b-s3) using a cell proliferation assay in vitro and a mouse femoral fracture model in vivo. Among these CB-bFGFs, bFGF-s3a-s3b showed the highest capacity to induce mesenchymal cell proliferation and callus formation in the mice fracture model. The poly(Pro-Hyp-Gly)10/bFGF-s3a-s3b construct may therefore have the potential to promote bone formation in clinical settings.
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Zinger A, Adir O, Alper M, Tzror C, Simon A, Kasten S, Yaari Z, Poley M, Shainsky-Roitman J, Akrish S, Klein T, Hershkovitz D, Schroeder A. Proteolytic Nanoparticles Replace a Surgical Blade by Controllably Remodeling the Oral Connective Tissue. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1482-1490. [PMID: 29365250 PMCID: PMC6660973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Surgical blades are common medical tools. However, blades cannot distinguish between healthy and diseased tissue, thereby creating unnecessary damage, lengthening recovery, and increasing pain. We propose that surgical procedures can rely on natural tissue remodeling tools-enzymes, which are the same tools our body uses to repair itself. Through a combination of nanotechnology and a controllably activated proteolytic enzyme, we performed a targeted surgical task in the oral cavity. More specifically, we engineered nanoparticles that contain collagenase in a deactivated form. Once placed at the surgical site, collagenase was released at a therapeutic concentration and activated by calcium, its biological cofactor that is naturally present in the tissue. Enhanced periodontal remodeling was recorded due to enzymatic cleavage of the supracrestal collagen fibers that connect the teeth to the underlying bone. When positioned in their new orientation, natural tissue repair mechanisms supported soft and hard tissue recovery and reduced tooth relapse. Through the combination of nanotechnology and proteolytic enzymes, localized surgical procedures can now be less invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zinger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Omer Adir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Matan Alper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Chen Tzror
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Assaf Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shira Kasten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zvi Yaari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maria Poley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Janna Shainsky-Roitman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sharon Akrish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Takita T, Qian J, Geng H, He Z, Nemoto S, Mori M, Tanaka K, Hattori S, Kojima K, Yasukawa K. Comparative studies on the activities of collagenases from Grimontia hollisae and Clostridium hystoliticum in the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates. J Biochem 2018; 163:425-431. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Qian
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hongmin Geng
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zejian He
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sho Nemoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mariko Mori
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, 520-11, Kuwabara, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, 520-11, Kuwabara, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Kenji Kojima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Yadav AK, Tyagi A, Kumar A, Panwar S, Grover S, Saklani AC, Hemalatha R, Batish VK. Adhesion of Lactobacilli and their anti-infectivity potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2042-2056. [PMID: 25879917 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.918533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria primarily point toward colonizing ability of Lactobacilli as the most important attribute for endowing all the known beneficial effects in a host. Lactobacillus species exert health-promoting function in the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms such as pathogen exclusion, maintenance of microbial balance, immunomodulation, and other crucial functions. It has been seen that many surface layer proteins are involved in host adhesion, and play significant role in the modification of some signaling pathways within the host cells. Interaction between different bacterial cell surface proteins and host receptor has been imperative for a better understanding of the mechanism through which Lactobacilli exert their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- a Department of Microbiology , National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India.,b Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu , Samba , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- d Department of Biotechnology , Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Radaur , Yamuna Nagar , Haryana , India.,e Department of Nutrition Biology , Central University of Haryana , Mahendergarh , Haryana , India
| | - Surbhi Panwar
- d Department of Biotechnology , Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Radaur , Yamuna Nagar , Haryana , India
| | - Sunita Grover
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | | | - Rajkumar Hemalatha
- a Department of Microbiology , National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Virender Kumar Batish
- c Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
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Vandermarliere E, Stes E, Gevaert K, Martens L. Resolution of protein structure by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:653-665. [PMID: 25536908 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Typically, mass spectrometry is used to identify the peptides present in a complex peptide mixture and subsequently the precursor proteins. As such, mass spectrometry focuses mainly on the primary structure, the (modified) amino acid sequence of peptides and proteins. In contrast, the three-dimensional structure of a protein is typically determined with protein X-ray crystallography or NMR. Despite the close relationship between these two aspects of protein studies (sequence and structure), mass spectrometry and structure determination are not frequently combined. Nevertheless, this combination of approaches, dubbed conformational proteomics, can offer insight into the function, working mechanism, and conformational status of a protein. In this review, we will discuss the developments at the intersection of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and protein structure determination and start from a brief overview of the classic approaches to identify protein structure along with their advantages and disadvantages. We will subsequently discuss the ability of mass spectrometry to overcome some of the hurdles of these classic methods. Finally, we will provide an outlook on the interplay of mass spectrometry and protein structure determination, and highlight several recent experiments in which mass spectrometry was successfully used to either aid or complement structure elucidation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:653-665, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Vandermarliere
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B- 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B- 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B- 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B- 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Campos BM, Liberato MV, Alvarez TM, Zanphorlin LM, Ematsu GC, Barud H, Polikarpov I, Ruller R, Gilbert HJ, Zeri ACDM, Squina FM. A Novel Carbohydrate-binding Module from Sugar Cane Soil Metagenome Featuring Unique Structural and Carbohydrate Affinity Properties. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23734-23743. [PMID: 27621314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are appended to glycoside hydrolases and can contribute to the degradation of complex recalcitrant substrates such as the plant cell wall. For application in bioethanol production, novel enzymes with high catalytic activity against recalcitrant lignocellulosic material are being explored and developed. In this work, we report the functional and structural study of CBM_E1, which was discovered through a metagenomics approach and is the founding member of a novel CBM family, CBM81. CBM_E1, which is linked to an endoglucanase, displayed affinity for mixed linked β1,3-β1,4-glucans, xyloglucan, Avicel, and cellooligosaccharides. The crystal structure of CBM_E1 in complex with cellopentaose displayed a canonical β-sandwich fold comprising two β-sheets. The planar ligand binding site, observed in a parallel orientation with the β-strands, is a typical feature of type A CBMs, although the expected affinity for bacterial crystalline cellulose was not detected. Conversely, the binding to soluble glucans was enthalpically driven, which is typical of type B modules. These unique properties of CBM_E1 are at the interface between type A and type B CBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hernane Barud
- the Centro Universitário de Araraquara-UNIARA, BioPolMat, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- the Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- the Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), and
| | - Harry J Gilbert
- the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE 4HH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ana Carolina de Mattos Zeri
- the Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sincrotron (LNLS), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Watanabe-Nakayama T, Itami M, Kodera N, Ando T, Konno H. High-speed atomic force microscopy reveals strongly polarized movement of clostridial collagenase along collagen fibrils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28975. [PMID: 27373458 PMCID: PMC4931465 DOI: 10.1038/srep28975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial collagenases involved in donor infection are widely applied in many fields due to their high activity and specificity; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which bacterial collagenases degrade insoluble collagen in host tissues. Using high-speed atomic force microscopy, we simultaneously visualized the hierarchical structure of collagen fibrils and the movement of a representative bacterial collagenase, Clostridium histolyticum type I collagenase (ColG), to determine the relationship between collagen structure and collagenase movement. Notably, ColG moved ~14.5 nm toward the collagen N terminus in ~3.8 s in a manner dependent on a catalytic zinc ion. While ColG was engaged, collagen molecules were not only degraded but also occasionally rearranged to thicken neighboring collagen fibrils. Importantly, we found a similarity of relationship between the enzyme-substrate interface structure and enzyme migration in collagen-collagenase and DNA-nuclease systems, which share a helical substrate structure, suggesting a common strategy in enzyme evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Watanabe-Nakayama
- Imaging Research Division, Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itami
- Imaging Research Division, Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- Imaging Research Division, Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- Imaging Research Division, Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konno
- Imaging Research Division, Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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17
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Shima H, Inagaki A, Imura T, Yamagata Y, Watanabe K, Igarashi K, Goto M, Murayama K. Collagen V Is a Potential Substrate for Clostridial Collagenase G in Pancreatic Islet Isolation. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4396756. [PMID: 27195301 PMCID: PMC4852369 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4396756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The clostridial collagenases, H and G, play key roles in pancreatic islet isolation. Collagenases digest the peptide bond between Yaa and the subsequent Gly in Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats. To fully understand the pancreatic islet isolation process, identification of the collagenase substrates in the tissue is very important. Although collagen types I and III were reported as possible substrates for collagenase H, the substrate for collagenase G remains unknown. In this study, collagen type V was focused upon as the target for collagenases. In vitro digestion experiments for collagen type V were performed and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Porcine pancreatic tissues were digested in vitro under three conditions and observed during digestion. The results revealed that collagen type V was only digested by collagenase G and that the digestion was initiated from the N-terminal part. Tissue degradation during porcine islet isolation was only observed in the presence of both collagenases H and G. These findings suggest that collagen type V is one of the substrates for collagenase G. The enzymatic activity of collagenase G appears to be more important for pancreatic islet isolation in large mammals such as pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Youhei Yamagata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kimiko Watanabe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- *Kazutaka Murayama:
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18
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Schönauer E, Brandstetter H. Inhibition and Activity Regulation of Bacterial Collagenases. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Diversity, Structures, and Collagen-Degrading Mechanisms of Bacterial Collagenolytic Proteases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6098-107. [PMID: 26150451 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00883-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial collagenolytic proteases are important because of their essential role in global collagen degradation and because of their virulence in some human bacterial infections. Bacterial collagenolytic proteases include some metalloproteases of the M9 family from Clostridium or Vibrio strains, some serine proteases distributed in the S1, S8, and S53 families, and members of the U32 family. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in discovering new bacterial collagenolytic proteases and in investigating the collagen-degrading mechanisms of bacterial collagenolytic proteases. This review provides comprehensive insight into bacterial collagenolytic proteases, especially focusing on the structures and collagen-degrading mechanisms of representative bacterial collagenolytic proteases in each family. The roles of bacterial collagenolytic proteases in human diseases and global nitrogen cycling, together with the biotechnological and medical applications for these proteases, are also briefly discussed.
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20
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Bauer R, Janowska K, Taylor K, Jordan B, Gann S, Janowski T, Latimer EC, Matsushita O, Sakon J. Structures of three polycystic kidney disease-like domains from Clostridium histolyticum collagenases ColG and ColH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:565-77. [PMID: 25760606 PMCID: PMC4356367 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714027722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties and dynamics of PKD-like domains from ColG and ColH differ. Clostridium histolyticum collagenases ColG and ColH are segmental enzymes that are thought to be activated by Ca2+-triggered domain reorientation to cause extensive tissue destruction. The collagenases consist of a collagenase module (s1), a variable number of polycystic kidney disease-like (PKD-like) domains (s2a and s2b in ColH and s2 in ColG) and a variable number of collagen-binding domains (s3 in ColH and s3a and s3b in ColG). The X-ray crystal structures of Ca2+-bound holo s2b (1.4 Å resolution, R = 15.0%, Rfree = 19.1%) and holo s2a (1.9 Å resolution, R = 16.3%, Rfree = 20.7%), as well as of Ca2+-free apo s2a (1.8 Å resolution, R = 20.7%, Rfree = 27.2%) and two new forms of N-terminally truncated apo s2 (1.4 Å resolution, R = 16.9%, Rfree = 21.2%; 1.6 Å resolution, R = 16.2%, Rfree = 19.2%), are reported. The structurally similar PKD-like domains resemble the V-set Ig fold. In addition to a conserved β-bulge, the PKD-like domains feature a second bulge that also changes the allegiance of the subsequent β-strand. This β-bulge and the genesis of a Ca2+ pocket in the archaeal PKD-like domain suggest a close kinship between bacterial and archaeal PKD-like domains. Different surface properties and indications of different dynamics suggest unique roles for the PKD-like domains in ColG and in ColH. Surface aromatic residues found on ColH s2a-s2b, but not on ColG s2, may provide the weak interaction in the biphasic collagen-binding mode previously found in s2b-s3. B-factor analyses suggest that in the presence of Ca2+ the midsection of s2 becomes more flexible but the midsections of s2a and s2b stay rigid. The different surface properties and dynamics of the domains suggest that the PKD-like domains of M9B bacterial collagenase can be grouped into either a ColG subset or a ColH subset. The conserved properties of PKD-like domains in ColG and in ColH include Ca2+ binding. Conserved residues not only interact with Ca2+, but also position the Ca2+-interacting water molecule. Ca2+ aligns the N-terminal linker approximately parallel to the major axis of the domain. Ca2+ binding also increases stability against heat and guanidine hydrochloride, and may improve the longevity in the extracellular matrix. The results of this study will further assist in developing collagen-targeting vehicles for various signal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kelly Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Brad Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Steve Gann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Tomasz Janowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ethan C Latimer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Joshua Sakon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Breite AG, McCarthy RC, Dwulet FE. Characterization and functional assessment of Clostridium histolyticum class I (C1) collagenases and the synergistic degradation of native collagen in enzyme mixtures containing class II (C2) collagenase. Transplant Proc 2014; 43:3171-5. [PMID: 22099748 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridium histolyticum expresses two classes of collagenases, C1 and C2. However, degradation of these enzymes by proteases during the fermentation or purification process may lead to numerous molecular forms that lead to inconsistent release of islets from human pancreata. This report defines the amino acid sequence of the truncated forms of C1 (C1b or C1c) that contain a single collagen-binding domain (CBD) and investigates the synergy between the different forms of C1 collagenase and C2 to degrade native collagen. METHODS Highly purified collagenase isoforms were purified from C. histolyticum culture supernatants using established column chromatography techniques and analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). The collagen-degrading activity (CDA) assay was used to investigate the synergy between different collagenase molecular forms. RESULTS MS was used to confirm the sequence of full-length C2 and C1 from the reported gene sequence. These results were correlated with the molecular weights observed on the SDS- PAGE and elution after analytical anion-exchange HPLC. HPLC peaks designated as C1b and C1c were both confirmed to be C1 lacking the terminal CBD. The only difference being the cleavage site leading to a 12 amino acid difference between the two forms. A non-additive synergy in CDA relative to activity of individual collagenases was observed for C2 with each of the three C1 molecular forms. The C1 molecular forms did not display this synergy in the absence of C2. CONCLUSIONS These observations support earlier reports that suggest the two collagenases bind to different portions of the collagen and have different specificities to cut native collagen. Although the implications of this are not yet understood, they are fundamental in advancing the understanding of how collagenases work together along with the neutral protease to breakdown the extracellular matrix for islet isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Breite
- VitaCyte LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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22
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Ligand heterogeneity of the cysteine protease binding protein family in the parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:625-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Bacterial collagenases are metalloproteinases involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrices of animal cells, due to their ability to digest native collagen. These enzymes are important virulence factors in a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Nonetheless, there is a lack of scientific consensus for a proper and well-defined classification of these enzymes and a vast controversy regarding the correct identification of collagenases. Clostridial collagenases were the first ones to be identified and characterized and are the reference enzymes for comparison of newly discovered collagenolytic enzymes. In this review we present the most recent data regarding bacterial collagenases and overview the functional and structural diversity of bacterial collagenases. An overall picture of the molecular diversity and distribution of these proteins in nature will also be given. Particular aspects of the different proteolytic activities will be contextualized within relevant areas of application, mainly biotechnological processes and therapeutic uses. At last, we will present a new classification guide for bacterial collagenases that will allow the correct and straightforward classification of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Duarte
- a Department of Biology and Cesam , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Antonio Correia
- a Department of Biology and Cesam , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Esteves
- a Department of Biology and Cesam , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
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Osidak EO, Osidak MS, Akhmanova MA, Domogatskii SP. Collagen—A biomaterial for delivery of growth factors and tissue regeneration. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036321402039x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Fukata Y, Itoh A, Nonaka Y, Ogawa T, Nakamura T, Matsushita O, Nishi N. Direct cytocidal effect of galectin-9 localized on collagen matrices on human immune cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1892-901. [PMID: 24462947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a continuous demand for new immunosuppressive agents for organ transplantation. Galectin-9, a member of the galactoside-binding animal lectin family, has been shown to suppress pathogenic T-cell responses in autoimmune disease models and experimental allograft transplantation. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop new collagen matrices, which can cause local, contact-dependent immune suppression, using galectin-9 and collagen-binding galectin-9 fusion proteins as active ingredients. METHODS Galectin-9 and galectin-9 fusion proteins having collagen-binding domains (CBDs) derived from bacterial collagenases and a collagen-binding peptide (CBP) were tested for their ability to bind to collagen matrices, and to induce Jurkat cell death in solution and in the collagen-bound state. RESULTS Galectin-9-CBD fusion proteins exhibited collagen-binding activity comparable to or lower than that of the respective CBDs, while their cytocidal activity toward Jurkat cells in solution was 80~10% that of galectin-9. Galectin-9 itself exhibited oligosaccharide-dependent collagen-binding activity. The growth of Jurkat cells cultured on collagen membranes treated with galectin-9 was inhibited by~90%. The effect was dependent on direct cell-to-membrane contact. Galectin-9-CBD/CBP fusion proteins bound to collagen membranes via CBD/CBP moieties showed a low or negligible effect on Jurkat cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Among the proteins tested, galectin-9 exhibited the highest cytocidal effect on Jurkat cells in the collagen-bound state. The effect was not due to galectin-9 released into the culture medium but was dependent on direct cell-to-membrane contact. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study demonstrates the possible use of galectin-9-modified collagen matrices for local, contact-dependent immune suppression in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youko Fukata
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Aiko Itoh
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nonaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomu Nishi
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
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Stratford R, Vu C, Sakon J, Katikaneni R, Gensure R, Ponnapakkam T. Pharmacokinetics in rats of a long-acting human parathyroid hormone-collagen binding domain peptide construct. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:768-75. [PMID: 24399637 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a hybrid peptide consisting of the N-terminal biologically active region of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) linked to a collagen-binding domain (CBD) were evaluated in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The peptide, PTH-CBD, consists of the first 33 amino acids of PTH linked as an extension of the amino acid chain to the CBD peptide derived from ColH collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum. Serum concentrations arising from single dose administration by the subcutaneous and intravenous routes were compared with those measured following route-specific mole equivalent doses of PTH(1-34). Population-based modeling demonstrated similar systemic absorption kinetics and bioavailability for both peptides. Exposure to PTH-CBD was sixfold higher because of a systemic clearance of approximately 20% relative to PTH(1-34); however, these kinetics were consistent with more than 95% of a dose being eliminated from serum within 24 h. Results obtained support continued investigation of PTH-CBD as a bone-targeted anabolic agent for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stratford
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70130
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Eckhard U, Huesgen PF, Brandstetter H, Overall CM. Proteomic protease specificity profiling of clostridial collagenases reveals their intrinsic nature as dedicated degraders of collagen. J Proteomics 2013; 100:102-14. [PMID: 24125730 PMCID: PMC3985423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clostridial collagenases are among the most efficient degraders of collagen. Most clostridia are saprophytes and secrete proteases to utilize proteins in their environment as carbon sources; during anaerobic infections, collagenases play a crucial role in host colonization. Several medical and biotechnological applications have emerged utilizing their high collagenolytic efficiency. However, the contribution of the functionally most important peptidase domain to substrate specificity remains unresolved. We investigated the active site sequence specificity of the peptidase domains of collagenase G and H from Clostridium histolyticum and collagenase T from Clostridium tetani. Both prime and non-prime cleavage site specificity were simultaneously profiled using Proteomic Identification of protease Cleavage Sites (PICS), a mass spectrometry-based method utilizing database searchable proteome-derived peptide libraries. For each enzyme we identified > 100 unique-cleaved peptides, resulting in robust cleavage logos revealing collagen-like specificity patterns: a strong preference for glycine in P3 and P1′, proline at P2 and P2′, and a slightly looser specificity at P1, which in collagen is typically occupied by hydroxyproline. This specificity for the classic collagen motifs Gly-Pro-X and Gly-X-Hyp represents a remarkable adaptation considering the complex requirements for substrate unfolding and presentation that need to be fulfilled before a single collagen strand becomes accessible for cleavage. Biological significance We demonstrate the striking sequence specificity of a family of clostridial collagenases using proteome derived peptide libraries and PICS, Proteomic Identification of protease Cleavage Sites. In combination with the previously published crystal structures of these proteases, our results represent an important piece of the puzzle in understanding the complex mechanism underlying collagen hydrolysis, and pave the way for the rational design of specific test substrates and selective inhibitors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Can Proteomics Fill the Gap Between Genomics and Phenotypes? Active site specificity profiling of 3 clostridial collagenases—ColG and H from C. histolyticum, and ColT from C. tetani. Their high sequence specificity to collagen-like sequence points towards a co-evolution with the mammalian substrate. Significant differences to MMPs and a more promiscuous cleavage mechanism facilitating rapid collagenolysis were revealed. Human proteome-derived peptide libraries & PICS are suitable for active site specificity profiling of pathogenic proteases. Results pave the way for rational design of test substrates and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Eckhard
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr, 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr, 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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28
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Saito W, Uchida K, Ueno M, Matsushita O, Inoue G, Nishi N, Ogura T, Hattori S, Fujimaki H, Tanaka K, Takaso M. Acceleration of bone formation during fracture healing by injectable collagen powder and human basic fibroblast growth factor containing a collagen-binding domain fromClostridium histolyticumcollagenase. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3049-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kitasato University School of Medicine; 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kitasato University School of Medicine; 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kitasato University School of Medicine; 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato Kanagawa Japan
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-5-1 Kita-ku Shikata-cho Okayama Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kitasato University School of Medicine; 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato Kanagawa Japan
| | - Nozomu Nishi
- Life Science Research Center; Kagawa University; 1750-1 Kita-gun Miki-cho Kagawa Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogura
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix and Protein Engineering Project; 520-11 Kuwabara Toride-shi Ibaraki-ken Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix and Protein Engineering Project; 520-11 Kuwabara Toride-shi Ibaraki-ken Japan
| | - Hisako Fujimaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kitasato University School of Medicine; 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato Kanagawa Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix and Protein Engineering Project; 520-11 Kuwabara Toride-shi Ibaraki-ken Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kitasato University School of Medicine; 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato Kanagawa Japan
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29
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Krishnamoorthy G, Selvakumar R, Sastry TP, Mandal AB, Doble M. Effect of d-amino acids on collagen fibrillar assembly and stability: Experimental and modelling studies. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Eckhard U, Schönauer E, Brandstetter H. Structural basis for activity regulation and substrate preference of clostridial collagenases G, H, and T. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20184-94. [PMID: 23703618 PMCID: PMC3711286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridial collagenases are among the most efficient enzymes to degrade by far the most predominant protein in the biosphere. Here we present crystal structures of the peptidases of three clostridial collagenase isoforms (ColG, ColH, and ColT). The comparison of unliganded and liganded structures reveals a quaternary subdomain dynamics. In the unliganded ColH structure, this globular dynamics is modulated by an aspartate switch motion that binds to the catalytic zinc. We further identified a calcium binding site in proximity to the catalytic zinc. Both ions are required for full activity, explaining why calcium critically affects the enzymatic activity of clostridial collagenases. Our studies further reveal that loops close to the active site thus serve as characteristic substrate selectivity filter. These elements explain the distinct peptidolytic and collagenolytic activities of these enzymes and provide a rational framework to engineer collagenases with customized substrate specificity as well as for inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Eckhard
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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31
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Ohbayashi N, Matsumoto T, Shima H, Goto M, Watanabe K, Yamano A, Katoh Y, Igarashi K, Yamagata Y, Murayama K. Solution structure of clostridial collagenase H and its calcium-dependent global conformation change. Biophys J 2013; 104:1538-45. [PMID: 23561530 PMCID: PMC3617444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagenase H (ColH) from Clostridium histolyticum is a multimodular protein composed of a collagenase module (activator and peptidase domains), two polycystic kidney disease-like domains, and a collagen-binding domain. The interdomain conformation and its changes are very important for understanding the functions of ColH. In this study, small angle x-ray scattering and limited proteolysis were employed to reveal the interdomain arrangement of ColH in solution. The ab initio beads model indicated that ColH adopted a tapered shape with a swollen head. Under calcium-chelated conditions (with EGTA), the overall structure was further elongated. The rigid body model indicated that the closed form of the collagenase module was preferred in solution. The limited proteolysis demonstrated that the protease sensitivity of ColH was significantly increased under the calcium-chelated conditions, and that the digestion mainly occurred in the domain linker regions. Fluorescence measurements with a fluorescent dye were performed with the limited proteolysis products after separation. The results indicated that the limited proteolysis products exhibited fluorescence similar to that of the full-length ColH. These findings suggested that the conformation of full-length ColH in solution is the elongated form, and this form is calcium-dependently maintained at the domain linker regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Ohbayashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Shima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kimiko Watanabe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yasutake Katoh
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Youhei Yamagata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
Interstitial collagen mechanical and biological properties are altered by proteases that catalyze the hydrolysis of the collagen triple-helical structure. Collagenolysis is critical in development and homeostasis but also contributes to numerous pathologies. Mammalian collagenolytic enzymes include matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsin K, and neutrophil elastase, and a variety of invertebrates and pathogens possess collagenolytic enzymes. Components of the mechanism of action for the collagenolytic enzyme MMP-1 have been defined experimentally, and insights into other collagenolytic mechanisms have been provided. Ancillary biomolecules may modulate the action of collagenolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg B Fields
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
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33
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Bauer R, Wilson JJ, Philominathan STL, Davis D, Matsushita O, Sakon J. Structural comparison of ColH and ColG collagen-binding domains from Clostridium histolyticum. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:318-27. [PMID: 23144249 PMCID: PMC3553835 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00010-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium histolyticum secretes collagenases, ColG and ColH, that cause extensive tissue destruction in myonecrosis. The C-terminal collagen-binding domain (CBD) of collagenase is required for insoluble collagen fibril binding and subsequent collagenolysis. The high-resolution crystal structures of ColG-CBD (s3b) and ColH-CBD (s3) are reported in this paper. The new X-ray structure of s3 was solved at 2.0-Å resolution (R = 17.4%; R(free) = 23.3%), while the resolution of the previously determined s3b was extended to 1.4 Å (R = 17.9%; R(free) = 21.0%). Despite sharing only 30% sequence identity, the molecules resemble one another closely (root mean square deviation [RMSD] C(α) = 1.5 Å). All but one residue, whose side chain chelates with Ca(2+), are conserved. The dual Ca(2+) binding site in s3 is completed by an unconserved aspartate. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements showed that s3 gains thermal stability, comparable to s3b, by binding to Ca(2+) (holo T(m) = 94.1°C; apo T(m) = 70.2°C). holo s3 is also stabilized against chemical denaturants urea and guanidine HCl. The three most critical residues for collagen interaction in s3b are conserved in s3. The general shape of the binding pocket is retained by altered loop structures and side chain positions. Small-angle X-ray scattering data revealed that s3 also binds asymmetrically to minicollagen. Besides the calcium-binding sites and the collagen-binding pocket, architecturally important hydrophobic residues and the hydrogen-bonding network around the cis-peptide bond are well conserved within the metallopeptidase subfamily M9B. CBDs were previously shown to bind to the extracellular matrix of various tissues. Compactness and extreme stability in physiological Ca(2+) concentration possibly make both CBDs suitable for targeted growth factor delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Dan Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Joshua Sakon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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34
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Philominathan STL, Koide T, Matsushita O, Sakon J. Bacterial collagen-binding domain targets undertwisted regions of collagen. Protein Sci 2012; 21:1554-65. [PMID: 22898990 PMCID: PMC3526996 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium histolyticum collagenase causes extensive degradation of collagen in connective tissue that results in gas gangrene. The C-terminal collagen-binding domain (CBD) of these enzymes is the minimal segment required to bind to a collagen fibril. CBD binds unidirectionally to the undertwisted C-terminus of triple helical collagen. Here, we examine whether CBD could also target undertwisted regions even in the middle of the triple helix. Collageneous peptides with an additional undertwisted region were synthesized by introducing a Gly → Ala substitution [(POG)(x) POA(POG)(y)]₃, where x + y = 9 and x > 3). ¹H-¹⁵N heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR) titration studies with ¹⁵N-labeled CBD demonstrated that the minicollagen binds to a 10 Å wide 25 Å long cleft. Six collagenous peptides each labeled with a nitroxide radical were then titrated with ¹⁵N-labeled CBD. CBD binds to either the Gly → Ala substitution site or to the C-terminus of each minicollagen. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that CBD prefers to bind the Gly → Ala site to the C-terminus. The HSQC NMR spectra of ¹⁵N-labeled minicollagen and minicollagen with undertwisted regions were unaffected by the titration of unlabeled CBD. The results imply that CBD binds to the undertwisted region of the minicollagen but does not actively unwind the triple helix.
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35
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Singh B, Fleury C, Jalalvand F, Riesbeck K. Human pathogens utilize host extracellular matrix proteins laminin and collagen for adhesion and invasion of the host. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:1122-80. [PMID: 22537156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin (Ln) and collagen are multifunctional glycoproteins that play an important role in cellular morphogenesis, cell signalling, tissue repair and cell migration. These proteins are ubiquitously present in tissues as a part of the basement membrane (BM), constitute a protective layer around blood capillaries and are included in the extracellular matrix (ECM). As a component of BMs, both Lns and collagen(s), thus function as major mechanical containment molecules that protect tissues from pathogens. Invasive pathogens breach the basal lamina and degrade ECM proteins of interstitial spaces and connective tissues using various ECM-degrading proteases or surface-bound plasminogen and matrix metalloproteinases recruited from the host. Most pathogens associated with the respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urogenital tracts, as well as with the central nervous system or the skin, have the capacity to bind and degrade Lns and collagen(s) in order to adhere to and invade host tissues. In this review, we focus on the adaptability of various pathogens to utilize these ECM proteins as enhancers for adhesion to host tissues or as a targets for degradation in order to breach the cellular barriers. The major pathogens discussed are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Yersinia, Treponema, Mycobacterium, Clostridium, Listeria, Porphyromonas and Haemophilus; Candida, Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus and Coccidioides; Acanthamoeba, Trypanosoma and Trichomonas; retrovirus and papilloma virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Singh
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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36
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Enhancement of the structural stability of full-length clostridial collagenase by calcium ions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:5839-44. [PMID: 22685155 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00808-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The clostridial collagenases G and H are multidomain proteins. For collagen digestion, the domain arrangement is likely to play an important role in collagen binding and hydrolysis. In this study, the full-length collagenase H protein from Clostridium histolyticum was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The N-terminal amino acid of the purified protein was Ala31. The expressed protein showed enzymatic activity against azocoll as a substrate. To investigate the role of Ca(2+) in providing structural stability to the full-length collagenase H, biophysical measurements were conducted using the recombinant protein. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that the Ca(2+) chelation by EGTA induced interdomain conformational changes. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed an increase in the percent polydispersity as the Ca(2+) was chelated, suggesting an increase in protein flexibility. In addition to these conformational changes, differential scanning fluorimetry measurements revealed that the thermostability was decreased by Ca(2+) chelation, in comparison with the thermal melting point (T(m)). The melting point changed from 54 to 49°C by the Ca(2+) chelation, and it was restored to 54°C by the addition of excess Ca(2+). These results indicated that the interdomain flexibility and the domain arrangement of full-length collagenase H are reversibly regulated by Ca(2+).
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37
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Sides CR, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Philominathan STL, Matsushita O, Sakon J. Probing the 3-D structure, dynamics, and stability of bacterial collagenase collagen binding domain (apo- versus holo-) by limited proteolysis MALDI-TOF MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:505-519. [PMID: 22207568 PMCID: PMC3389352 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pairing limited proteolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to probe clostridial collagenase collagen binding domain (CBD) reveals the solution dynamics and stability of the protein, as these factors are crucial to CBD effectiveness as a drug-delivery vehicle. MS analysis of proteolytic digests indicates initial cleavage sites, thereby specifying the less stable and highly accessible regions of CBD. Modulation of protein structure and stability upon metal binding is shown through MS analysis of calcium-bound and cobalt-bound CBD proteolytic digests. Previously determined X-ray crystal structures illustrate that calcium binding induces secondary structure transformation in the highly mobile N-terminal arm and increases protein stability. MS-based detection of exposed residues confirms protein flexibility, accentuates N-terminal dynamics, and demonstrates increased global protein stability exported by calcium binding. Additionally, apo- and calcium-bound CBD proteolysis sites correlate well with crystallographic B-factors, accessibility, and enzyme specificity. MS-observed cleavage sites with no clear correlations are explained either by crystal contacts of the X-ray crystal structures or by observed differences between Molecules A and B in the X-ray crystal structures. The study newly reveals the absence of the βA strand and thus the very dynamic N-terminal linker, as corroborated by the solution X-ray scattering results. Cobalt binding has a regional effect on the solution phase stability of CBD, as limited proteolysis data implies the capture of an intermediate-CBD solution structure when cobalt is bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R. Sides
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jackson O. Lay
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University Medical School, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
| | - Joshua Sakon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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38
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Souza TACB, Okamoto DN, Ruiz DM, Oliveira LCG, Kondo MY, Tersario ILS, Juliano L, De Castro RE, Gouvea IE, Murakami MT. Correlation between catalysis and tertiary structure arrangement in an archaeal halophilic subtilase. Biochimie 2011; 94:798-805. [PMID: 22177966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Nep (Natrialba magadii extracellular protease) is a halolysin-like peptidase secreted by the haloalkaliphilic archaeon N. magadii that exhibits optimal activity and stability in salt-saturated solutions. In this work, the effect of salt on the function and structure of Nep was investigated. In absence of salt, Nep became unfolded and aggregated, leading to the loss of activity. The enzyme did not recover its structural and functional properties even after restoring the ideal conditions for catalysis. At salt concentrations higher than 1 M (NaCl), Nep behaved as monomers in solution and its enzymatic activity displayed a nonlinear concave-up dependence with salt concentration resulting in a 20-fold activation at 4 M NaCl. Although transition from a high to a low-saline environment (3-1 M NaCl) did not affect its secondary structure contents, it diminished the enzyme stability and provoked large structural rearrangements, changing from an elongated shape at 3 M NaCl to a compact conformational state at 1 M NaCl. The thermodynamic analysis of peptide hydrolysis by Nep suggests a significant enzyme reorganization depending on the environmental salinity, which supports in solution SAXS and DLS studies. Moreover, solvent kinetic isotopic effect (SKIE) data indicates the general acid-base mechanism as the rate-limiting step for Nep catalysis, like classical serine-peptidases. All these data correlate the Nep conformational states with the enzymatic behavior providing a further understanding on the stability and structural determinants for the functioning of halolysins under different salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A C B Souza
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais, Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro, 10000, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
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39
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Ponnapakkam T, Katikaneni R, Nichols T, Tobin G, Sakon J, Matsushita O, Gensure RC. Prevention of chemotherapy-induced osteoporosis by cyclophosphamide with a long-acting form of parathyroid hormone. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e392-7. [PMID: 21750397 DOI: 10.3275/7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most chemotherapeutics reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and increase risk for fractures by causing gonadal suppression, which in turn increases bone removal. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) also has a direct effect of inhibiting bone formation and removal, making the resulting bone loss particularly difficult to treat with antiresorptive therapy. AIM We tested whether a single dose of the anabolic agent PTH linked to a collagen binding domain (PTHCBD) could prevent the effects of CYP-induced bone loss. METHODS Mice received either buffer alone, CYP, or CYP+ PTH-CBD. BMD and alkaline phosphatase were measured every 2 weeks for a total of 8 weeks. RESULTS After 6 weeks, mice treated with CYP showed expected reductions in BMD (increase from baseline: 7.4 ± 6.9 vs 24.35 ± 4.86% in mice without chemotherapy, p<0.05) and decrease in alkaline phosphatase levels (42.78 ± 6.06 vs 60.62 ± 6.23 IU/l in mice without chemotherapy, p<0.05), consistent with osteoporosis from impaired bone formation. Administration of a single dose of PTH-CBD (320 μg/kg ip) prior to CYP treatment improved BMD (change from baseline: 23.4 ± 5.4 vs 7.4 ± 6.9%, CYP treatment alone, p<0.05) and increased alkaline phosphatase levels (50.14 ± 4.86 vs 42.78 ± 6.06 IU/l in CYP treatment alone, p<0.05). BMD values and alkaline phosphatase levels were restored to those seen in mice not receiving chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of PTHCBD prior to chemotherapy reversed CYP-induced suppression of bone formation and prevented CYP-induced bone loss in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ponnapakkam
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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40
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Uesugi Y, Kawata H, Saito Y, Tabata Y. Ultrasound-responsive thrombus treatment with zinc-stabilized gelatin nano-complexes of tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Drug Target 2011; 20:224-34. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.633259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Structure of collagenase G reveals a chew-and-digest mechanism of bacterial collagenolysis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:1109-14. [PMID: 21947205 PMCID: PMC3191118 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Collagen constitutes one third of the body protein in humans, reflecting its extraordinary role in health and disease. Of similar importance, therefore, are the idiosyncratic proteases that nature evolved for collagen remodeling. Intriguingly, the most efficient collagenases are those that enable clostridial bacteria to colonize their host tissues, but despite intense studies, the structural and mechanistic basis of these enzymes has remained elusive. Here we present the crystal structure of collagenase G from Clostridium histolyticum at 2.55 Å resolution. By combining the structural data with enzymatic and mutagenesis studies, we derive a conformational two-state model of bacterial collagenolysis, in which the recognition and unraveling of collagen microfibrils into triple helices as well as the unwinding of the latter go hand in hand with collagenase opening and closing.
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Eckhard U, Brandstetter H. Polycystic kidney disease-like domains of clostridial collagenases and their role in collagen recruitment. Biol Chem 2011; 392:1039-45. [PMID: 21871007 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial collagenases exhibit a multimodular domain organization. While the N-terminal collagenase unit harbors the catalytic zinc and suffices to degrade peptidic substrates, collagen substrates come in different types, explaining the requirement for accessory domains such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD)-like domains for efficient catalysis. How the recognition and unfolding of (micro-)fibrillar or triple-helical collagen is accomplished are only poorly understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of the PKD-like domain of collagenase G from Clostridium histolyticum. The β-barrel structure reveals a two-tier architecture, connected by kinked hinge segments. Together with sheet extension as a generic oligomerization mechanism, this explains the cooperativity among accessory domains as well as their adaptivity to varying substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Eckhard
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstraße 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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43
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Xu Z, Du X, Li T, Gan F, Tang B, Tang XF. Functional insight into the C-terminal extension of halolysin SptA from haloarchaeon Natrinema sp. J7. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23562. [PMID: 21886797 PMCID: PMC3158780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Halolysin SptA from haloarchaeon Natrinema sp. J7 consists of a subtilisin-like catalytic domain and a C-terminal extension (CTE) containing two cysteine residues. In this report, we have investigated the function of the CTE using recombinant enzymes expressed in Haloferax volcanii WFD11. Deletion of the CTE greatly reduced but did not abolish protease activity, which suggests that the CTE is not essential for enzyme folding. Mutational analysis suggests that residues Cys303 and Cys338 within the CTE form a disulfide bond that make this domain resistant to autocleavage and proteolysis under hypotonic conditions. Characterization of full-length and CTE-truncation enzymes indicates the CTE not only confers extra stability to the enzyme but also assists enzyme activity on protein substrates by facilitating binding at high salinities. Interestingly, homology modeling of the CTE yields a β-jelly roll-like structure similar to those seen in Claudin-binding domain of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (clostridial C-CPE) and collagen binding domain (CBD), and the CTE also possesses collagen-binding activity, making it a potential candidate as an anchoring unit in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Uesugi Y, Usuki H, Arima J, Iwabuchi M, Hatanaka T. Molecular dissection of Streptomyces trypsin on substrate recognition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1295-304. [PMID: 21767670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified residue 71 of two homologous serine proteases from Streptomyces omiyaensis (SOT) and Streptomyces griseus (SGT) as a crucial residue for differences in their topological specificities, i.e. recognition of a distinct three-dimensional structure. To study the role of this key residue in substrate recognition, we used surface plasmon resonance analysis to evaluate the affinities of inactive mutants, in which residues 71 of SOT and SGT were substituted respectively with Leu and Tyr, toward different types of collagens. We identified another amino acid residue involved in the interaction with collagens from analyses of inactive chimeras between SOT and SGT using an in vivo DNA shuffling system. Results showed that residue 72 contributes to collagen binding. By substituting Leu71 and Gln72 with Tyr and Arg, respectively, SGT mutant showed a change in topological specificity and high hydrolytic activity toward type IV collagen comparable to SOT. We demonstrated that the neighboring residues 71 and 72 in the N-terminal β-barrel domain of the enzyme synergistically play an important role in substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Uesugi
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Ponnapakkam T, Katikaneni R, Miller E, Ponnapakkam A, Hirofumi S, Miyata S, Suva LJ, Sakon J, Matsushita O, Gensure RC. Monthly administration of a novel PTH-collagen binding domain fusion protein is anabolic in mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:511-20. [PMID: 21512758 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized fusion proteins of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-33) and the collagen binding domain of ColH (CBD) and tested them for anabolic bone activity in mice. Two fusion proteins were synthesized, linking the carboxy terminus of PTH(1-33) either directly to the amino terminal of the CBD or to the CBD through an adjacent ColH domain (PTH-PKD-CBD). Both PTH-CBD and PTH-PKD-CBD increased cAMP accumulation in cells stably transfected with the PTH/PTHrP receptor, and both peptides bound to type 1 collagen in flow-through assays. Distribution studies indicated that the PTH-CBD was concentrated in the bone and skin, tissues with abundant collagen and blood flow. Administration of 320 μg/kg PTH-CBD either weekly (for 8 weeks) or monthly (for 6 months) to 7-week-old C57BL/6J mice resulted in a sustained increase in bone mineral density (BMD) (15% for weekly studies, 13% for monthly studies; P < 0.05). PTH-PKD-CBD showed only 5% increases in BMD after weekly administration, and, as expected, neither weekly nor monthly PTH(1-34) affected BMD. PTH-CBD increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Importantly, there were no significant increases in serum calcium observed. Collectively, the data suggest that PTH-CBD has a sustained anabolic effect in bone with either weekly or monthly administration. This approach of targeted delivery of PTH to bone may show promise for the treatment of disorders of low bone mass, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasi Ponnapakkam
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Schreiner E, Trabuco LG, Freddolino PL, Schulten K. Stereochemical errors and their implications for molecular dynamics simulations. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12:190. [PMID: 21605430 PMCID: PMC3124434 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biological molecules are often asymmetric with respect to stereochemistry, and correct stereochemistry is essential to their function. Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules have increasingly become an integral part of biophysical research. However, stereochemical errors in biomolecular structures can have a dramatic impact on the results of simulations. Results Here we illustrate the effects that chirality and peptide bond configuration flips may have on the secondary structure of proteins throughout a simulation. We also analyze the most common sources of stereochemical errors in biomolecular structures and present software tools to identify, correct, and prevent stereochemical errors in molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules. Conclusions Use of the tools presented here should become a standard step in the preparation of biomolecular simulations and in the generation of predicted structural models for proteins and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Schreiner
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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McCarthy RC, Breite AG, Green ML, Dwulet FE. Tissue dissociation enzymes for isolating human islets for transplantation: factors to consider in setting enzyme acceptance criteria. Transplantation 2011; 91:137-45. [PMID: 21116222 PMCID: PMC3022104 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181ffff7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue dissociation enzymes are critical reagents that affect the yield and quality of human pancreatic islets required for islet transplantation. The United States Food and Drug Administration's oversight of this procedure recommends laboratories to set acceptance criteria for enzymes used in the manufacture of islet products for transplantation. Currently, many laboratories base this selection on personal experience because biochemical analysis is not predictive of success of the islet isolation procedure. This review identifies the challenges of correlating results from enzyme biochemical analysis to their effectiveness in human islet isolation and suggests a path forward to address these challenges to improve control of the islet manufacturing process.
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Spiriti J, van der Vaart A. Mechanism of the calcium-induced trans-cis isomerization of a non-prolyl peptide bond in Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5314-20. [PMID: 20499930 DOI: 10.1021/bi1007047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
cis peptide bonds in proteins are often rate-limiting steps in protein folding or conformational change and are frequently stabilized by metal ions. In the collagen-binding domain of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, the binding of calcium ions triggers the formation of a cis peptide bond. We present free energy simulations of the formation of this cis peptide bond using a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach together with adaptive umbrella sampling. From these simulations, we have determined that the calcium ions not only stabilize the cis peptide bond thermodynamically but also catalyze its formation; the free energy barrier to the formation of the cis peptide bond decreases from 21.4 kcal/mol in the absence of calcium ions to 10.3 kcal/mol in their presence. Two principal factors contribute to this reduction in the energy barrier. The calcium ions electrostatically stabilize the lone pair on the nitrogen atom that forms during the isomerization. In addition, their attraction to acidic amino acid side chains and formation of a hydrogen bond network constrain the peptide backbone in a way that makes it easier for the nitrogen to pyramidalize. Factors that explain the observed cooperativity of calcium binding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Spiriti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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Das P, Ghosh A, Das A. Unusual Specificity of a Receptor for Nd3+ Among Other Lanthanide Ions for Selective Colorimetric Recognition. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6909-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadip Das
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar: 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrita Ghosh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar: 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar: 364002, Gujarat, India
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On the interaction of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with claudins. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1336-56. [PMID: 22069641 PMCID: PMC3153257 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens causes one of the most common foodborne illnesses, which is largely mediated by the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). The toxin consists of two functional domains. The N-terminal region mediates the cytotoxic effect through pore formation in the plasma membrane of the mammalian host cell. The C-terminal region (cCPE) binds to the second extracellular loop of a subset of claudins. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 have been shown to be receptors for CPE with very high affinity. The toxin binds with weak affinity to claudin-1 and -2 but contribution of these weak binding claudins to CPE-mediated disease is questionable. cCPE is not cytotoxic, however, it is a potent modulator of tight junctions. This review describes recent progress in the molecular characterization of the cCPE-claudin interaction using mutagenesis, in vitro binding assays and permeation studies. The results promote the development of recombinant cCPE-proteins and CPE-based peptidomimetics to modulate tight junctions for improved drug delivery or to treat tumors overexpressing claudins.
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