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Bendayan S, Cohen Y, Bendayan J, Windisch S, Afilalo J. Nonfungible Tokens in Cardiovascular Medicine. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00562-2. [PMID: 39032555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of nonfungible tokens (NFTs) in health care, particularly in cardiovascular medicine, represents a disruptive shift toward enhancing the security and interconnection of electronic health data around the patient. NFTs, unique digital certificates stored on a blockchain network, bind various sources of health data to their owner (the patient) and delineate the access rights for stakeholders (providers, researchers) using smart contracts. Data sources might include electronic medical records from different hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, test centres, and mHealth devices. Accordingly, patients and their providers benefit from seamless visibility of diagnoses, medications, electrocardiograms, imaging, home blood pressure logs, and artificial intelligence-enabled insights from these aggregated data. Rather than being stored on proprietary servers, data are encrypted and stored on decentralized networks with a unified point of access and immutable proof of ownership, making them more robust to theft or tampering. As custodians of their NFTs, patients are incentivized to actively partake in their health monitoring and self-driven research that aligns with their needs using innovative marketplaces that allow them to browse studies, document their informed consent, and monetize their contributions. Furthermore, they are empowered to educate themselves and seek care across siloes in traditional settings or virtual platforms such as the metaverse, where NFTs serve as digital passports. Despite these exciting prospects, adoption within the health care sector remains in its infancy, with ethical and technical limitations still being addressed. In this article we explore the multifaceted applications and key players in the field, and outline use-cases for patient-centred cardiovascular care featuring NFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Bendayan
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yossi Cohen
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joshua Bendayan
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Afilalo
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Skalidis I, Arangalage D, Kachrimanidis I, Antiochos P, Tsioufis K, Fournier S, Skalidis E, Olivotto I, Maurizi N. Metaverse-based cardiac magnetic resonance imaging simulation application for overcoming claustrophobia: a preliminary feasibility trial. Future Cardiol 2024; 20:191-195. [PMID: 38699964 DOI: 10.1080/14796678.2024.2345002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is vital, but claustrophobia affects 10% of patients. The metaverse, an immersive virtual and augmented reality environment, has healthcare potential. We present a metaverse-based CMR simulation for claustrophobic patients. Methods: Three cardiomyopathy patients, initially CMR-refusing due to claustrophobia, received training via a virtual reality headset in a metaverse-based virtual hospital. Training efficacy was assessed through questionnaires and anxiety scales. Results: The patients successfully completed metaverse-based training, adapting to the CMR simulation. On CMR day, all entered the machine without issues and with reduced anxiety. Patients found the training useful, suggesting platform familiarization. Discussion: Our study demonstrates the metaverse's potential in alleviating CMR-related claustrophobia. The immersive nature enhances patient preparation, although usability improvements are needed. Further research should compare this approach with alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Skalidis
- School of Medicine,Heraklion University Hospital/University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Arangalage
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Panagiotis Antiochos
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephane Fournier
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Skalidis
- School of Medicine,Heraklion University Hospital/University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Meyer's Children Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolo Maurizi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Skalidis I, Koutromanos I, Chatzidaki E, Kachrimanidis I, Maurizi N. Beyond reality: Using the Metaverse to enhance mental health in heart failure patients. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024; 75:99-100. [PMID: 37201633 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Skalidis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Switzerland.
| | | | - Eirini Chatzidaki
- Internal Medicine Department, Universitätsspital Zurich (USZ), Switzerland
| | | | - Niccolo Maurizi
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Switzerland
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Skalidis I, Kachrimanidis I, Koliastasis L, Arangalage D, Antiochos P, Maurizi N, Muller O, Fournier S, Hamilos M, Skalidis E. Cardiology in the digital era: from artificial intelligence to Metaverse, paving the way for future advancements. Future Cardiol 2023; 19:755-758. [PMID: 38189213 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2023-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Cardiology's digital revolution: AI diagnoses, ChatGPT consults, Metaverse educates. Challenges & promises explored. #CardiologyTech #DigitalHealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Skalidis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Heraklion & University of Crete, Heraklion, 71500, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dimitri Arangalage
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Panagiotis Antiochos
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Niccolo Maurizi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Fournier
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Michalis Hamilos
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Heraklion & University of Crete, Heraklion, 71500, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Skalidis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Heraklion & University of Crete, Heraklion, 71500, Greece
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Skalidis I, Salihu A, Kachrimanidis I, Koliastasis L, Maurizi N, Dayer N, Muller O, Fournier S, Hamilos M, Skalidis E. Meta-CathLab: A Paradigm Shift in Interventional Cardiology Within the Metaverse. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1549-1552. [PMID: 37666480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Skalidis
- University of Crete and University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Adil Salihu
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Niccolo Maurizi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Fournier
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michalis Hamilos
- University of Crete and University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Skalidis
- University of Crete and University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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Katritsis DG. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Neither Intelligent nor Artificial? Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2023; 12:e13. [PMID: 37427303 PMCID: PMC10326659 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2023.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
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