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Slart RHJA, Williams MC, Juarez-Orozco LE, Rischpler C, Dweck MR, Glaudemans AWJM, Gimelli A, Georgoulias P, Gheysens O, Gaemperli O, Habib G, Hustinx R, Cosyns B, Verberne HJ, Hyafil F, Erba PA, Lubberink M, Slomka P, Išgum I, Visvikis D, Kolossváry M, Saraste A. Position paper of the EACVI and EANM on artificial intelligence applications in multimodality cardiovascular imaging using SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and cardiac CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1399-1413. [PMID: 33864509 PMCID: PMC8113178 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In daily clinical practice, clinicians integrate available data to ascertain the diagnostic and prognostic probability of a disease or clinical outcome for their patients. For patients with suspected or known cardiovascular disease, several anatomical and functional imaging techniques are commonly performed to aid this endeavor, including coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and nuclear cardiology imaging. Continuous improvement in positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and CT hardware and software has resulted in improved diagnostic performance and wide implementation of these imaging techniques in daily clinical practice. However, the human ability to interpret, quantify, and integrate these data sets is limited. The identification of novel markers and application of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including deep learning (DL) to cardiovascular imaging techniques will further improve diagnosis and prognostication for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this position paper of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) is to provide an overview of the general concepts behind modern machine learning-based artificial intelligence, highlights currently prefered methods, practices, and computational models, and proposes new strategies to support the clinical application of ML in the field of cardiovascular imaging using nuclear cardiology (hybrid) and CT techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riemer H J A Slart
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Science and Technology Biomedical, Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle C Williams
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging facility QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luis Eduardo Juarez-Orozco
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging facility QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Panagiotis Georgoulias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Olivier Gheysens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gilbert Habib
- APHM, Cardiology Department, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Department of Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 101 Laarbeeklaan, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hein J Verberne
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, DMU IMAGINA, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
- University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Paola A Erba
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (P.A.E.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine (P.A.E.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences/Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Piotr Slomka
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ivana Išgum
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, Netherlands
| | | | - Márton Kolossváry
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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