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Solanes N, Bobi J, Arrieta M, Jimenez FR, Palacios C, Rodríguez JJ, Roqué M, Galán-Arriola C, Ibañez B, Freixa X, García-Álvarez A, Sabaté M, Rigol M. An open secret in porcine acute myocardial infarction models: The relevance of anaesthetic regime and breed in ischaemic outcomes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:919454. [PMID: 36353254 PMCID: PMC9637910 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.919454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) play a crucial role in translating novel therapeutic approaches to patients as denoted by their use in the right-before-human testing platform. At present, the porcine model of AMI is used most frequently as it mimics the human condition and its anatomopathological features accurately. We want to describe to, and share with, the translational research community our experience of how different anaesthetic protocols (sevoflurane, midazolam, ketamine+xylazine+midazolam, and propofol) and pig breeds [Large White and Landrace x Large White (LLW)] can dramatically modify the outcomes of a well-established porcine model of closed-chest AMI. Our group has extensive experience with the porcine model of reperfused AMI and, over time, we reduced the time of ischaemia used to induce the disease from 90 to 50 min to increase the salvageable myocardium for cardioprotection studies. For logistical reasons, we changed both the anaesthetic protocol and the pig breed used, but these resulted in a dramatic reduction in the size of the myocardial infarct, to almost zero in some cases (sevoflurane, 50-min ischaemia, LLW, 2.4 ± 3.9% infarct size), and the cardiac function was preserved. Therefore, we had to re-validate the model by returning to 90 min of ischaemia. Here, we report the differences in infarct size and cardiac function, measured by different modalities, for each combination of anaesthetic protocol and pig breed we have used. Furthermore, we discuss these combinations and the limited literature pertaining to how these two factors influence cardiac function and infarct size in the porcine model of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solanes
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bobi
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Experimental Cardiology Department, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marta Arrieta
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rafael Jimenez
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Palacios
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Rodríguez
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Roqué
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CIBER de enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CIBER de enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Freixa
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana García-Álvarez
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Sabaté
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rigol
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Montserrat Rigol
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Lüscher TF. Imaging the left ventricle: diagnostic and prognostic implications in cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:495-498. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Lüscher
- Professor of Cardiology, Imperial College and Director of Research, Education & Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust, London, UK
- Chairman, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Editor-in-Chief, European Heart Journal, Editorial Office, Zurich Heart House, Hottingerstreet 14, Zurich, Switzerland
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