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The Double-Edged Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Hallmarks of Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010165. [PMID: 36671550 PMCID: PMC9855573 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current knowledge and guide potential interventions, nine biochemical pathways are summarized under the term hallmarks of aging. These hallmarks are deeply inter-related and act together to drive the aging process. Altered intercellular communication is particularly relevant since it explains how damage at the cellular level translates into age-related loss of function at the organismal level. As the main effectors of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a key role in the aggravation or mitigation of the hallmarks of aging. This review aims to summarize this role and to provide context for the multiple emerging EV-based gerotherapeutic strategies that are currently under study.
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Crea F. Addressing Residual Risk in Ischaemic Heart Disease with Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Between Scylla and Charybdis. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2715-2719. [PMID: 34289492 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Alzahrani FA, Saadeldin IM, Ahmad A, Kumar D, Azhar EI, Siddiqui AJ, Kurdi B, Sajini A, Alrefaei AF, Jahan S. The Potential Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes as Immunomodulatory Agents for COVID-19 Patients. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8835986. [PMID: 33014070 PMCID: PMC7512102 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing lethal acute respiratory disease emerged in December 2019. The World Health Organization named this disease "COVID-19" and declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Many studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo), which are isolated from allogenic bone marrow stem cells, significantly lower the risk of alveolar inflammation and other pathological conditions associated with distinct lung injuries. For example, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia patients, MSCs-Exo and MSCs provide similar healing properties and some clinical trials have used cell-based inhalation therapy which show great promise. MSCs and MSCs-Exo have shown potential in clinical trials as a therapeutic tool for severely affected COVID-19 patients when compared to other cell-based therapies, which may face challenges like the cells' sticking to the respiratory tract epithelia during administration. However, the use of MSCs or MSCs-Exo for treating COVID-19 should strictly adhere to the appropriate manufacturing practices, quality control measurements, preclinical safety and efficacy data, and the proper ethical regulations. This review highlights the available clinical trials that support the therapeutic potential of MSCs or MSCs-Exo in severely affected COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipak Kumar
- Zoology Department, KKM College, Munger University, Jamui, India
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Kurdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim Sajini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Sadaf Jahan
- College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Balbi C, Costa A, Barile L, Bollini S. Message in a Bottle: Upgrading Cardiac Repair into Rejuvenation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030724. [PMID: 32183455 PMCID: PMC7140681 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic cardiac disease is associated with a loss of cardiomyocytes and an intrinsic lack of myocardial renewal. Recent work has shown that the heart retains limited cardiomyocyte proliferation, which remains inefficient when facing pathological conditions. While broadly active in the neonatal mammalian heart, this mechanism becomes quiescent soon after birth, suggesting loss of regenerative potential with maturation into adulthood. A key question is whether this temporary regenerative window can be enhanced via appropriate stimulation and further extended. Recently the search for novel therapeutic approaches for heart disease has centred on stem cell biology. The “paracrine effect” has been proposed as a promising strategy to boost endogenous reparative and regenerative mechanisms from within the cardiac tissue by exploiting the modulatory potential of soluble stem cell-secreted factors. As such, growing interest has been specifically addressed towards stem/progenitor cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be easily isolated in vitro from cell-conditioned medium. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current paradigm on cardiac repair and regeneration, with a specific focus on the role and mechanism(s) of paracrine action of EVs from cardiac stromal progenitors as compared to exogenous stem cells in order to discuss the optimal choice for future therapy. In addition, the challenges to overcoming translational EV biology from bench to bedside for future cardiac regenerative medicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Ambra Costa
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.B.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Lüscher
- Professor of Cardiology, Imperial College and Director of Research, Education & Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals London, UK
- Professor and Chairman, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Editor-in-Chief, EHJ Editorial Office, Zurich Heart House, Hottingerstreet 14, Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu S, Mahairaki V, Bai H, Ding Z, Li J, Witwer KW, Cheng L. Highly Purified Human Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Stem Cells Alleviate Aging Cellular Phenotypes of Senescent Human Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:779-790. [PMID: 30811771 PMCID: PMC6767364 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, mediate intercellular communications and exert various biological activities via delivering unique cargos of functional molecules such as RNAs and proteins to recipient cells. Previous studies showed that EVs produced and secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can substitute intact MSCs for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we examined properties and functions of EVs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be cultured infinitely under a chemically defined medium free of any exogenous EVs. We collected and purified EVs secreted by human iPSCs and MSCs. Purified EVs produced by both stem cell types have similar sizes (∼150 nm in diameter), but human iPSCs produced 16‐fold more EVs than MSCs. When highly purified iPSC‐EVs were applied in culture to senescent MSCs that have elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), human iPSC‐EVs reduced cellular ROS levels and alleviated aging phenotypes of senescent MSCs. Our discovery reveals that EVs from human stem cells can alleviate cellular aging in culture, at least in part by delivering intracellular peroxiredoxin antioxidant enzymes. stem cells2019;37:779–790
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Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Zheng Ding
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Lüscher TF. Mechanisms and outcomes of heart failure: from HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF to transplantation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:1749-1753. [PMID: 29788305 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Lüscher
- Consultant and Director of Research, Education & Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College, London, UK.,Chairman, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Editor-in-Chief, EHJ Editorial Office, Zurich Heart House, Hottingerstreet 14, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Functional Role of Circular RNA in Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1087:299-308. [PMID: 30259376 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Every year, millions of people around the world suffer from different forms of tissue trauma. Regenerative medicine refers to therapy that replaces the injured organ or cells. Stem cells are the frontiers and hotspots of current regenerative medicine research. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are essential for the early development of many species. It was found that they could guide stem cell differentiation through interacting with certain microRNAs (miRNAs). Based on this concept, it is meaningful to look into how circRNAs influence stem cells and its role in regenerative medicine. In this chapter we will discuss the functional roles of circRNAs in the prevention, repair, or progression of chronic diseases, through the communication between stem cells.
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