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Wang H, Tian Q, Zhang R, Du Q, Hu J, Gao T, Gao S, Fan K, Cheng X, Yan S, Zheng G, Dong H. Nobiletin alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid uptake via the PPARG/CD36 pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:76. [PMID: 38468335 PMCID: PMC10926578 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a persistent inflammatory condition triggered and exacerbated by several factors including lipid accumulation, endothelial dysfunction and macrophages infiltration. Nobiletin (NOB) has been reported to alleviate atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. METHODS This study involved comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, including multidatabase target prediction; GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for function and pathway exploration; DeepSite and AutoDock for drug binding site prediction; and CIBERSORT for immune cell involvement. In addition, target intervention was verified via cell scratch assays, oil red O staining, ELISA, flow cytometry, qRT‒PCR and Western blotting. In addition, by establishing a mouse model of AS, it was demonstrated that NOB attenuated lipid accumulation and the extent of atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS (1) Altogether, 141 potentially targetable genes were identified through which NOB could intervene in atherosclerosis. (2) Lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis may be the dominant pathways and potential mechanisms. (3) ALB, AKT1, CASP3 and 7 other genes were identified as the top 10 target genes. (4) Six genes, including PPARG, MMP9, SRC and 3 other genes, were related to the M0 fraction. (5) CD36 and PPARG were upregulated in atherosclerosis samples compared to the normal control. (6) By inhibiting lipid uptake in RAW264.7 cells, NOB prevents the formation of foam cell. (7) In RAW264.7 cells, the inhibitory effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on foam cells formation and lipid accumulation was closely associated with the PPARG signaling pathway. (8) In vivo validation showed that NOB significantly attenuated intra-arterial lipid accumulation and macrophage infiltration and reduced CD36 expression. CONCLUSIONS Nobiletin alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid uptake via the PPARG/CD36 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qinqin Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiujing Du
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Keyi Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Yao Y, Zhang L, Cheng F, Jiang Q, Ye Y, Ren Y, He Y, Su D, Cheng L, Shi G, Dai L, Deng H. PPARγ-dependent hepatic macrophage switching acts as a central hub for hUCMSC-mediated alleviation of decompensated liver cirrhosis in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:184. [PMID: 37501214 PMCID: PMC10375757 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC), a terminal-stage complication of liver disease, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatopathies. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) therapy has emerged as a novel treatment alternative for the treatment of DLC. However, optimized therapy protocols and the associated mechanisms are not entirely understood. METHODS We constructed a DLC rat model consistent with the typical clinical characteristics combined use of PB and CCL4. Performing dynamic detection of liver morphology and function in rats for 11 weeks, various disease characteristics of DLC and the therapeutic effect of hUCMSCs on DLC in experimental rats were thoroughly investigated, according to ascites examination, histopathological, and related blood biochemical analyses. Flow cytometry analysis of rat liver, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR was performed to examine the changes in the liver immune microenvironment after hucMSCs treatment. We performed RNA-seq analysis of liver and primary macrophages and hUCMSCs co-culture system in vitro to explore possible signaling pathways. PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, and clodronate liposomes were used to inhibit PPAR activation and pre-exhaustion of macrophages in DLC rats' livers, respectively. RESULTS We found that changing the two key issues, the frequency and initial phase of hUCMSCs infusion, can affect the efficacy of hUCMSCs, and the optimal hUCMSCs treatment schedule is once every week for three weeks at the early stage of DLC progression, providing the best therapeutic effect in reducing mortality and ascites, and improving liver function in DLC rats. hUCMSCs treatment skewed the macrophage phenotype from M1-type to M2-type by activating the PPARγ signaling pathway in the liver, which was approved by primary macrophages and hUCMSCs co-culture system in vitro. Both inhibition of PPARγ activation with GW9662 and pre-exhaustion of macrophages in DLC rats' liver abolished the regulation of hUCMSCs on macrophage polarization, thus attenuating the beneficial effect of hUCMSCs treatment in DLC rats. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that the optimal hUCMSCs treatment effectively inhibits the ascites formation, prolongs survival and significantly improves liver structure and function in DLC rats through the activation of the PPARγ signaling pathway within liver macrophages. Our study compared the efficacy of different hUCMSCs infusion regimens for DLC, providing new insights on cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushuang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting He
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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