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Akin H, Ozdemir O, Bilge O, Yildirim O, Altindag R. Evaluation of effects of cardiac resynchronization on coronary blood flow by coronary flow reserve and in patients with İdiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: Does it predict the response? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijca.ijca_44_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Itoh M, Shinke T, Yoshida A, Kozuki A, Takei A, Fukuzawa K, Kiuchi K, Imamura K, Fujiwara R, Suzuki A, Nakanishi T, Yamashita S, Matsumoto A, Otake H, Nagoshi R, Shite J, Hirata KI. Reduction in coronary microvascular resistance through cardiac resynchronization and its impact on chronic reverse remodelling of left ventricle in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Europace 2015; 17:1407-14. [PMID: 25662988 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Left bundle branch block (LBBB) induces mechanical dyssynchrony, thereby compromising the coronary circulation in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. We sought to examine the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on coronary flow dynamics and left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (New York Heart Association class, III or IV; LV ejection fraction, ≤35%; QRS duration, ≥130 ms) were enrolled. One week after implantation of the CRT device, coronary flow velocity and pressure in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) were measured invasively, before and after inducing hyperemia by adenosine triphosphate administration, with two programming modes: sequential atrial and biventricular pacing (BiV) and atrial pacing in patients with LBBB or sequential atrial and right ventricular pacing in patients with complete atrioventricular block (Control). We assessed hyperemic microvascular resistance (HMR, mean distal pressure divided by hyperemic average peak velocity) and the relationship between the change in HMR and mid-term LV reverse remodelling. Hyperemic microvascular resistance was lower during BiV than during Control (LAD: 1.76 ± 0.47 vs. 1.54 ± 0.45, P < 0.001; LCx: 1.92 ± 0.42 vs. 1.73 ± 0.31, P = 0.003). The CRT-induced change in HMR of the LCx correlated with the percentage change in LV ejection fraction (R = -0.598, P = 0.011) and LV end-systolic volume (R = 0.609, P = 0.010) before and 6 months after CRT. CONCLUSION Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves coronary flow circulation by reducing microvascular resistance, which might be associated with LV reverse remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Itoh
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Toshiro Shinke
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Amane Kozuki
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Asumi Takei
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Koji Fukuzawa
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Kunihiko Kiuchi
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Kimitake Imamura
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Ryudo Fujiwara
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakanishi
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Soichiro Yamashita
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Akinori Matsumoto
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Otake
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagoshi
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Junya Shite
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirata
- Section of Arrhythmia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
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Chen Y, Cheng L, Yao H, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhao W, Pan C, Shu X. The myocardial ischemia evaluated by real-time contrast echocardiography may predict the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a large animal study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113992. [PMID: 25469632 PMCID: PMC4254922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based criteria for applying cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy are still scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) in a preclinical canine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy who received CRT. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was produced by ligating the first diagonal branch in 20 beagles. Dogs were subsequently divided into two groups that were either treated with bi-ventricular pacing (CRT group) or left untreated (control group). RT-MCE was performed at baseline, before CRT, and 4 weeks after CRT. Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging was used to evaluate the standard deviation of circumferential (Cir12SD), radial (R12SD), and longitudinal (L12SD) strains of left ventricular segments at basal as well as middle levels. Four weeks later, the Cir12SD, R12SD, and myocardial blood flow (MBF) of the treated group were significantly improved compared to their non-CRT counterparts. Furthermore, MBF values measured before CRT were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders to bi-ventricular pacing. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed between the responder and non-responder groups in terms of Cir12SD, R12SD, and L12SD. A high degree of correlation was found between MBF values before CRT and LVEF after CRT. When MBF value>24.9 dB/s was defined as a cut-off point before CRT, the sensitivity and specificity of RT-MCE in predicting the response to CRT were 83.3% and 100%, respectively. Besides, MBF values increased significantly in the CRT group compared with the control group after 4 weeks of pacing (49.8±15.5 dB/s vs. 28.5±4.6 dB/s, p<0.05). Therefore, we considered that myocardial perfusion may be superior to standard metrics of LV synchrony in selecting appropriate candidates for CRT. In addition, CRT can improve myocardial perfusion in addition to cardiac synchrony, especially in the setting of ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Chen
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Leilei Cheng
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haohua Yao
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yongshi Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weipeng Zhao
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cuizhen Pan
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xianhong Shu
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, PR China
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Djordjevic Dikic A, Nikcevic G, Raspopovic S, Jovanovic V, Tesic M, Beleslin B, Stepanovic J, Giga V, Milasinovic G. Prognostic role of coronary flow reserve for left ventricular functional improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:1344-9. [PMID: 25053732 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to assess the value of coronary flow reserve (CFR) for predicting improvement of left ventricular function after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS AND RESULTS Study population included 40 patients (mean age 58 ± 9 years) with heart failure (ejection fraction 25, 7 ± 5, 4%) and QRS duration of 158 ± 22 ms, planned for CRT. Before and after CRT implantation, CFR was measured non-invasively during hyperaemia induced with adenosine. Responders were defined by decrease in end-systolic volume ≥15%. Follow-up echocardiography and CFR measurements were obtained after 6 months. At baseline there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), QRS duration, 6 min walk test distance and coronary flow velocity at rest between responder (n = 26) vs. non-responder group (n = 14, P = ns). Before CRT implantation, responders compared with non-responders, showed a greater increase in coronary flow velocity during hyperaemia, and consequently higher CFR: 2.41 ± 0.60 vs. 1.61 ± 0.45 (P = 0.001). There was significant correlation between CFR before CRT implantation and LVEF after 6 months (r = 0.545, P = 0.001). End-diastolic, end-systolic left ventricular diameter, and CFR before CRT were predictors of LV functional improvement. By multivariate analysis, only CFR before CRT was independent predictor of left ventricular recovery in the follow-up period (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that preserved CFR in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is predictive of left ventricular improvement after CRT implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Djordjevic Dikic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gabrijela Nikcevic
- Pacemaker Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Raspopovic
- Pacemaker Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Velibor Jovanovic
- Pacemaker Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tesic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Beleslin
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stepanovic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Giga
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Milasinovic
- Pacemaker Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Improved coronary artery blood flow following the correction of systolic dyssynchrony with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:2167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Early Haemodynamic Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow After Cardiac Resychronisation Therapy. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22:260-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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De Lazzari C. Interaction between the septum and the left (right) ventricular free wall in order to evaluate the effects on coronary blood flow: numerical simulation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2012; 15:1359-68. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2011.597354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tesselaar E, Schiffer A, Widdershoven J, Broers H, Hendriks E, Luijten K, Creusen J. Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the cutaneous microvasculature. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2012; 35:377-84. [PMID: 22268627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves hemodynamic parameters, exercise capacity, symptoms, functional status, and prognosis among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The role of the vascular endothelium in these improvements is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the endothelium-dependent reactivity of the peripheral microcirculation improves in CHF patients during the first 2 months of CRT. METHODS We used local heating and iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to measure endothelial function and smooth muscle function in the cutaneous microvasculature of 11 CHF patients before and 2 months after CRT. RESULTS We found that the perfusion response in the skin to local heating was increased 2 months post-CRT compared with baseline, both in terms of maximum perfusion (baseline: 113 [90-137] vs 2-months post-CRT: 137 [98-175], P=0.037) and area under curve (baseline: 1,601 [935-2,268] vs 2-months CRT: 2,205 [1,654-2,757], P=0.047). Also, the perfusion response to iontophoresis of ACh was improved (Emax: 23.9 [20.6-26.2]vs at 2-months CRT: 31.2 [29.3-33.4], P=0.005). No difference was found between the responses to SNP before and after CRT. CONCLUSION These results show that CRT improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatory capacity in the peripheral microcirculation within 2 months of therapy. The improvement in functional capacity that is seen in patients treated with CRT may, therefore, be in part mediated by an improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Tesselaar
- Department of Clinical Physics, TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
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Ather S, Bangalore S, Vemuri S, Cao LB, Bozkurt B, Messerli FH. Trials on the effect of cardiac resynchronization on arterial blood pressure in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107:561-8. [PMID: 21184988 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) increases cardiac performance in patients with heart failure, but its effect on arterial pressure is not well established. To determine the effect of CRT on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) a systematic review using standard nomenclatures for CRT was done in Scopus (MEDLINE and Embase), Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, National Institutes of Health http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov database, and bibliography of select meta-analyses for studies evaluating CRT in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Two independent investigators extracted the articles based on predefined criteria. The primary outcome was difference in arterial pressure parameters from baseline to after CRT in nonrandomized cohort trials. This was then validated by comparing the change in arterial pressure between CRT and medical therapy groups in randomized controlled trials. A random-effects model was used for analyses. Analyses of 15 nonrandomized studies showed that CRT resulted in an increase (from baseline) in SBP by 4.4 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8 to 8.0, p = 0.02), no change in DBP (p = 0.21), and an increase in PP by 2.8 mm Hg (95% CI 1.0 to 4.6, p = 0.003). Results from the 3 randomized controlled trials were concordant with an increase in SBP by 3.9 mm Hg (95% CI 1.1 to 6.8, p = 0.007), no effect on DBP (p = 0.40), and an increase in PP by 4.3 mm Hg (95% CI 4.1 to 4.5, p <0.001) compared to medical therapy. In conclusion, CRT is associated with a modest increase in SBP and PP in patients with heart failure.
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Magne J, Dubois M, Champagne J, Dumesnil JG, Pibarot P, Philippon F, O'Hara G, Sénéchal M. Usefulness of NT-pro BNP monitoring to identify echocardiographic responders following cardiac resynchronization therapy. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2009; 7:39. [PMID: 19695099 PMCID: PMC2744656 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-7-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular (LV) volumes, mitral regurgitation (MR) severity and symptoms of patients with heart failure (HF). However, ≥ 30% of patients have no significant clinical or echocardiographic improvement following CRT. Reverse remodeling after CRT correlates with improved clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that in NT-pro BNP monitoring is accurate to identify responders following CRT. Methods 42 consecutive patients (mean age 66 ± 12 years, male 68%) with HF undergoing CRT were prospectively enrolled. Responders at follow-up were defined by echocardiography (decrease in LV end systolic volume ≥ 15%). Echocardiography and NT-pro BNP measurement were performed at baseline and repeated 3 to 6 month after CRT. Results There was no significant difference between responders (n = 29, 69%) and non-responders (n = 13, 31%) regarding baseline NT-pro BNP level. Responders had significantly higher decrease in NT-pro BNP levels during follow-up than non-responders (absolute: -1428 ± 1333 pg.ml-1 vs. -61 ± 959 pg.ml-1, p = 0.002; relative: -45 ± 28% vs. 2 ± 28%, p < 0.0001). A decrease of ≥ 15% in NT-pro BNP 3–6 months after CRT identifies echocardiographic responders with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 77%. Conclusion NT-pro BNP monitoring can accurately identify echocardiographic responders after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Magne
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Cardiology, Quebec, Canada.
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Coronary Hemodynamics in Heart Failure and Effects of Therapeutic Interventions. J Card Fail 2009; 15:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Valzania C, Gadler F, Winter R, Braunschweig F, Brodin LA, Gudmundsson P, Boriani G, Eriksson MJ. Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on coronary blood flow: evaluation by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10:514-20. [PMID: 18436475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively limited and conflicting data are available on the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on coronary blood flow (CBF). AIMS To investigate changes in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) flow under different CRT pacing modes by means of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE). METHODS Twenty-two responders to CRT (67+/-11 years) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent TTE assessment of LAD flow and Tissue Velocity Imaging during 4 programming modes: intrinsic conduction (IC), right ventricular pacing (RV), simultaneous biventricular pacing (BVP), BVP with left ventricular (LV) pre-activation. RESULTS Mean coronary flow velocity (CFV) was increased by simultaneous BVP (p=0.0063 vs. IC) and BVP with LV pre-activation (p<0.0001 vs. IC; p=0.027 vs. simultaneous BVP). Peak CFV and LAD flow velocity/time integral were highest during BVP with LV pre-activation. A reduction in septal-to-lateral delay and an increase in peak systolic velocity in the basal septum were observed during simultaneous BVP and BVP with LV pre-activation. CONCLUSIONS In CRT responders with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, an increase in LAD flow, assessed by TTE, was observed during simultaneous BVP and BVP with LV pre-activation. This was associated with an improvement in regional myocardial contraction and a decrease in intraventricular dyssynchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Valzania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gould PA, Kong G, Kalff V, Duffy SJ, Taylor AJ, Kelly MJ, Kaye DM. Improvement in cardiac adrenergic function post biventricular pacing for heart failure. Europace 2007; 9:751-6. [PMID: 17517804 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eum081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether biventricular (BiV) pacing favourably affects cardiac sympathetic activity in heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS In 10 HF patients treated with BiV pacing, we assessed cardiac sympathetic activity by metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) imaging. Patients were randomized in a double-blinded crossover fashion, for two weeks of either inactivation of BiV pacing or BiV pacing, with crossover to the alternate group for a further two weeks. After randomization blocks, cardiac (123)I-MIBG imaging and a 6 min walk test were performed. BiV pacing was associated with significant improvements in cardiac (123)I-MIBG uptake reflected by increases in early (BiV 1.71 +/- 0.09 vs. non-BiV 1.63 +/- 0.06, P = 0.03) and late (at 4 h) heart to mediastinal ratio of uptake (BiV 1.54 +/- 0.08 vs. non-BiV 1.45 +/- 0.06, P = 0.03). Additionally, pulmonary (123)I-MIBG uptake, measured as lung to mediastinal ratio, significantly improved (P = 0.009). Six-minute walk and systolic blood pressure tended to improve with BiV vs. non-BiV pacing (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION In patients with stable HF, BiV pacing is associated with long-term improvements in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, as reflected by improvements in cardiac (123)I-MIBG uptake. This is a potential mechanism for morbidity and mortality benefits observed in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gould
- Wynn Department of Metabolic Cardiology, Baker Heart Research Institute, Central, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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