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Maharjan A, Khwaounjoo P, Peng M, Cakmak YO. Non-contact neuromodulation of the human autonomic nervous system function via different odors: Sex, menstrual cycle, and odor dose- and duration-specific effects. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:950282. [PMID: 36312014 PMCID: PMC9596915 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.950282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, it has been uncovered that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be influenced using non-contact neuromodulation via odor stimulation. Increasing parasympathetic-vagal activation of the ANS is integral to improving the sympathovagal balance between the sympathetic- and parasympathetic nervous systems, which is often imbalanced in several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Although research into olfactory stimulation has been observed on the ANS, it is still lacking in the exploration of odor concentration and odor-specific effects. This is particularly the case as research has not utilized specified tools, such as the olfactometer to provide precise odor delivery. Furthermore, no research has compared the results in separate sex cohorts to investigate the role of sex or the menstrual stage on the subsequent interactions. In this study, we investigated the olfactory stimulation effects of four natural odors (mushroom, lavender, jasmine, and rose) in three concentrations (low, moderate, and high) on the ANS. To observe activity from the ANS, we used an electrocardiogram (ECG) based heart rate variability (HRV) and eye-tracker technology (pupil diameter). We found for the first time in literature that there were acute dose- and duration-specific odor effects of odors on the ANS. We also found sex and menstrual cycle effects in this interaction. Furthermore, there were stark distinctions in sympathovagal activity dependent ANS activation (HRV) in comparison to the oculomotor nerve-parasympathetic/cervical sympathetic nerves dependent ANS responses (pupil diameter). Sympathovagal activity dependent HRV showed odor, sex, and menstrual-stage interactions in both divisions of the ANS while the pupil responses only indicated increased sympathetic activation. These results shed light on the use of odor-specific stimulation to modulate the ANS activity in the context of sex and the menstrual stage. Future studies should be performed using a chronic odor delivery design to investigate the long-term effects of odors on the ANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Maharjan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Prashanna Khwaounjoo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mei Peng
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Point of Care Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak,
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Li X, Wang L, Ying X, Zheng Y, Tan Q, Yu X, Gong J, Li M, Deng X, Yang G, Li S, Jiang S. Electroacupuncture pre-treatment alleviates sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation and dysfunction by inhibiting the calpain-2/STAT3 pathway. Front Physiol 2022; 13:961909. [PMID: 36160853 PMCID: PMC9489935 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.961909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has both anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective effects. Activation of calpain pathway is involved in several myocardiopathy. In sepsis, the role of calpain-2-regulated STAT3 in cardio-protective mechanism of electroacupuncture remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which electroacupuncture reduces cardiac inflammation and apoptosis and improves cardiac function during sepsis. Electroacupuncture pretreatment for 7 days was applied in septic cardiomyopathy model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis was associated with a dramatically systemic inflammation and cardiac dysfunction, which was alleviated by electroacupuncture pre-treatment. Lipopolysaccharide resulted in increases of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α,IL1βand IL-6) and apoptosis (TUNEL staining and BAX/Bcl2) via activation of calpain-2/STAT3 pathway.Electroacupuncture pre-treatment inhibited LPS-induced activation of cardiac calpain-2/STAT3 signalling and ameliorated inflammatory and apoptosis. Additionally, inhibition of calpain-2 expression using the corresponding siRNA decreased the Phosphorylation of STAT3,pro-inflammatory factors and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide- treated cardiomyocytes, confirming that calpain-2 activated p-STAT3 participate in septic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, suppression of STAT3 by stattic enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects of electroacupuncture. These findings reveal mechanisms of electroacupuncture preconditioning protection against cardiac inflammation and apoptosis in sepsis mouse via calpain-2/STAT3 pathway and may provide novel targets for clinical treatments of the sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinwang Ying
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujun Zheng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianqian Tan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahong Gong
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Wenzhou Sports School, Wenzhou Sports Science Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Guanhu Yang, ; Shengcun Li, Songhe Jiang,
| | - Shengcun Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Guanhu Yang, ; Shengcun Li, Songhe Jiang,
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Integrative and Optimized Medicine Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Guanhu Yang, ; Shengcun Li, Songhe Jiang,
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Maharjan A, Peng M, Russell B, Cakmak YO. Investigation of the Optimal Parameters of Median Nerve Stimulation, Using a Variety of Stimulation Methods, and Its Effects on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:1268-1279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Teragawa H, Oshita C, Orita Y, Kihara Y. Acupuncture: Could it be a treatment for angina pectoris? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:e3-e4. [PMID: 31660750 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319885198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teragawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Chikage Oshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuichi Orita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
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Maharjan A, Peng M, Cakmak YO. The effects of frequency-specific, non-invasive, median nerve stimulation on food-related attention and appetite. Appetite 2021; 169:105807. [PMID: 34798222 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Median nerve stimulation (MNS) in the existing literature has been used for treating gastrointestinal disorders and amelioration of nausea and vomiting. Recently, studies have shown that MNS can also exert effects on olfactory performances and corresponding anatomical regions through the activation of vagal pathways. This study aimed to test effects of specific frequencies of MNS on food-related attention and appetite. The experiment used an odourised, dot probe task for testing food-related attention and a combination of behavioural (i.e., visual analogue scales; VAS) and physiological approaches (i.e., electrocardiograph; ECG - root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats-RMSSD: parasympathetic nervous system activation (RMSSD), stress index-SI: sympathetic nervous system activation) for measuring hunger, appetite, and satiation. Twenty-four healthy, male adults completed a VAS and dot probe task before and after receiving either 40 Hz-, 80 Hz-, 120 Hz MNS or sham (control) across four different sessions with continuous ECG recording throughout each session. Data from the dot probe task were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA, while pair-wise tests were used for ECG recordings and VAS. Improvements on the dot probe task, not specific to odour-food congruence were found after 40 Hz MNS (p-value = 0.048; strong effect size (0.308 partial eta squared)) while increased ratings of hunger (VAS) (p-value = 0.03, small effect size (0.47 Cohen-D)) and RMSSD scores (p-value < 0.001; medium effect size (0.76 Cohen-D)) were found after 120 Hz MNS. These findings implore further testing of MNS frequency parameters on improving RMSSD, a characteristic marker of measuring parasympathetic/autonomic nervous system activation pertaining to the vagal network. Furthermore, improving sympathovagal balance is associated with cardiovascular benefits in numerous health-related conditions such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Maharjan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mei Peng
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yusuf O Cakmak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, Dunedin, New Zealand; Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Moreira BR, Duque AP, Massolar CS, de Lima Pimentel R, Mediano MFF, Guimarães TCF, Rodrigues LF. Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of PC5 and PC6 Acupoints Modulates Autonomic Balance in Heart Transplant Patients: A Pilot Study. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2019; 12:84-89. [PMID: 31026520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased resting heart rate (HR) in heart transplant patients is associated with enhanced metabolic demand, the potential for fatigue, and lower quality of life. In the present study, we hypothesized that transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) could modulate autonomic balance and reduce resting HR in these patients. A single-arm clinical trial was conducted with patients aged > 18 years, at ambulatorial accompaniment after heart transplantation, who were submitted to a single TEAS (40 minutes at pericardium channel acupoints PC5 and PC6). The arterial blood pressure and RR interval were recorded from 20 minutes before to 20 minutes after TEAS. The RR intervals were used to calculate HR variability (HRV) and the sympathovagal index. Linear mixed models were used for comparing variables before, during, and after TEAS. The significance level was set as P < 0.05. TEAS acutely improved HRV in transplant patients and enhanced the sympathovagal index during its application. Significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were observed at recovery, such as a slight, but significant, decrease in HR. In conclusion, TEAS at PC5 and PC6 acutely modulates HRV and hemodynamics in transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz R Moreira
- Physiotherapy Service, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alice P Duque
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biophysics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carole S Massolar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biophysics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Lima Pimentel
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biophysics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro F F Mediano
- Education and Research Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tereza C F Guimarães
- Education and Research Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Rodrigues
- Physiotherapy Service, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biophysics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Lu ZH, Dong HL, Huang-Fu JW, Fan XJ, Zhao WX, Min S, Zhang W, Liu MF, Wang YH, Wang LN, Xiong LZ. Effect of dual-acupoint and single-acupoint electric stimulation on postoperative outcomes in elderly patients subjected to gastrointestinal surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:669. [PMID: 30514358 PMCID: PMC6280525 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation (TEAS) has shown benefits when used peri-operatively. However, the role of numbers of areas with acupoint stimulation is still unclear. Therefore, we report the protocol of a randomized controlled trial of using TEAS in elderly patients subjected to gastrointestinal surgery, and comparing dual-acupoint and single-acupoint stimulation. Methods/design A multicenter, randomized, controlled, three-arm design, large-scale trial is currently undergoing in four hospitals in China. Three hundred and forty-five participants are randomly assigned to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio, receiving dual-acupoint TEAS, single-acupoint TEAS, and no stimulation, respectively. The primary outcome is incidence of pulmonary complications at 30 days after surgery. The secondary outcomes include the incidence of pulmonary complications at 3 days after surgery; the all-cause mortality within 30 days and 1 year after surgery; admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and length of ICU stay within 30 days after surgery; the length of postoperative hospital stay; and medical costs during hospitalization after surgery. Discussion The result of this trial (which will be available in September 2019) will confirm whether TEAS before and during anesthesia could alleviate the postoperative pulmonary complications after gastrointestinal surgery in elderly patients, and whether dual-acupoint stimulation is more effective than single-acupoint stimulation. Trials registrations ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03230045. Registered on 10 July 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-3052-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Long Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Wen Huang-Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Xian Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Fu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Ni Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Ze Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Fan Q, Cavus O, Xiong L, Xia Y. Spinal Cord Injury: How Could Acupuncture Help? J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2018; 11:124-132. [PMID: 29753705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide, and it can result in both permanent disability and serial complications in patients. Research shows that patients with SCI complications are often interested in acupuncture for symptomatic relief. Therefore, the issue of physicians advising their patients regarding the use of acupuncture to alleviate SCI complications becomes pertinent. We review and summarize two types of relevant publications: (1) literature concerning acupuncture for SCI and its complications and (2) underlying mechanisms of acupuncture therapy for SCI. Clinical trials and reviews have suggested that acupuncture effectively manages a range of post-SCI complications, including motor and sensory dysfunction, pain, neurogenic bowel and bladder, pressure ulcers, spasticity, and osteoporosis. The effect of acupuncture on post-SCI orthostatic hypotension and sexual dysfunction remains unclear. Decreased oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, regulation of the expression and activity of endogenous biological mediators, and increased regenerative stem cell production are the possible mechanisms of acupuncture therapy for SCI. Although many limitations have been reported in previous studies, given the evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture, we recommend that physicians should support the use of acupuncture therapy for SCI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Omer Cavus
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Bond V, Curry BH, Kumar K, Pemminati S, Gorantla VR, Kadur K, Millis RM. Nonlinear Conte-Zbilut-Federici (CZF) Method of Computing LF/HF Ratio: A More Reliable Index of Changes in Heart Rate Variability. J Pharmacopuncture 2016; 19:207-212. [PMID: 27695629 PMCID: PMC5043084 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2016.19.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Acupuncture treatments are safe and effective for a wide variety of diseases involving autonomic dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for assessing sympathovagal balance. The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) spectral power ratio is an index of sympathovagal influence on heart rate and of cardiovascular health. This study tests the hypothesis that from rest to 30% to 50% of peak oxygen consumption, the nonlinear Conte-Zbilut-Federici (CZF) method of computing the LF/HF ratio is a more reliable index of changes in the HRV than linear methods are. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 healthy young adults. Electrocardiogram RR intervals were measured during 6-minute periods of rest and aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer at 30% and 50% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Results: The frequency domain CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio and the time domain computations of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased sequentially from rest to 30% VO2peak (P < 0.001) to 50% VO2peak (P < 0.05). The SDNN and the CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio were positively correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.75, P < 0.001). fast Fourier transform (FFT), autoregressive (AR) and Lomb periodogram computations of the LF/HF ratio increased only from rest to 50% VO2peak. Conclusion: Computations of the LF/HF ratio by using the nonlinear CZF method appear to be more sensitive to changes in physical activity than computations of the LF/HF ratio by using linear methods. Future studies should determine whether the CZF computation of the LF/HF ratio improves evaluations of pharmacopuncture and other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Bond
- Department of Recreation, Human Performance & Leisure Studies, and Exercise Science & Human Nutrition Laboratory, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Bryan H Curry
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine & Howard University Hospital, Washington D.C., United States America
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Sudhakar Pemminati
- Departments of Pharmacology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine and Manipal University, St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Vasavi R Gorantla
- Behavioral Science & Neuroscience, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Kishan Kadur
- Medical Physiology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Richard M Millis
- Medical Physiology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda
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Wang X, Shi SH, Yao HJ, Jing QK, Mo YP, Lv W, Song LY, Yuan XC, Li ZG, Qin LN. Electroacupuncture at Dazhui (GV14) and Mingmen (GV4) protects against spinal cord injury: the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:2004-2011. [PMID: 28197199 PMCID: PMC5270441 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture at Dazhui (GV14) and Mingmen (GV4) on the Governor Vessel has been shown to exhibit curative effects on spinal cord injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we established rat models of spinal cord injury using a modified Allen's weight-drop method. Ninety-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: sham (only laminectomy), SCI (induction of spinal cord injury at T10), and EA (induction of spinal cord injury at T10 and electroacupuncture intervention at GV14 and GV4 for 20 minutes once a day). Rats in the SCI and EA groups were further randomly divided into the following subgroups: 1-day (n = 11), 7-day (n = 11), and 14-day (n = 11). At 1, 7, and 14 days after electroacupuncture treatment, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale showed obvious improvement in rat hind limb locomotor function, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the histological change of injured spinal cord tissue was obviously alleviated, and immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that Wnt1, Wnt3a, β-catenin immunoreactivity and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue were greatly increased compared with the sham and SCI groups. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture at GV14 and GV4 upregulates Wnt1, Wnt3a, and β-catenin expression in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, exhibiting neuroprotective effects against spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Hua Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jiang Yao
- Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Chinese Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Kai Jing
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ping Mo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Yu Song
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Yuan
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Jun MH, Kim YM, Kim JU. Modern acupuncture-like stimulation methods: a literature review. Integr Med Res 2015; 4:195-219. [PMID: 28664127 PMCID: PMC5481834 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture therapy has been proved to be effective for diverse diseases, symptoms, and conditions in numerous clinical trials. The growing popularity of acupuncture therapy has triggered the development of modern acupuncture-like stimulation devices (ASDs), which are equivalent or superior to manual acupuncture with respect to safety, decreased risk of infection, and facilitation of clinical trials. Here, we aim to summarize the research on modern ASDs, with a focus on featured devices undergoing active research and their effectiveness and target symptoms, along with annual publication rates. We searched the popular electronic databases Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and analyzed English-language studies on humans. Thereby, a total of 728 studies were identified, of which 195 studies met our inclusion criteria. Electrical stimulators were found to be the earliest and most widely studied devices (133 articles), followed by laser (44 articles), magnetic (16 articles), and ultrasound (2 articles) stimulators. A total of 114 studies used randomized controlled trials, and 109 studies reported therapeutic benefits. The majority of the studies (32%) focused on analgesia and pain-relief effects, followed by effects on brain activity (16%). All types of the reviewed ASDs were associated with increasing annual publication trends; specifically, the annual growth in publications regarding noninvasive stimulation methods was more rapid than that regarding invasive methods. Based on this observation, we anticipate that the noninvasive or minimally invasive ASDs will become more popular in acupuncture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaeuk U. Kim
- Corresponding author. KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdaero, Yuseong-Gu, Deajeon 305-811, Korea.
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Sun J, Li X, Yang C, Wang Y, Shi F, Gao Y, Luan Q, Zhu Y, Sun X. Transcutaneous electrical acupuncture stimulation as a countermeasure against cardiovascular deconditioning during 4 days of head-down bed rest in humans. Acupunct Med 2015; 33:381-7. [PMID: 26025383 PMCID: PMC4680135 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spaceflight is associated with cardiovascular deregulation. However, the influence of microgravity on the cardiovascular system and its mechanisms and countermeasures remain unknown. Our previous studies have demonstrated that transcutaneous electrical acupuncture stimulation (TEAS) is effective in improving orthostatic tolerance (OT). The purpose of this study was to determine if TEAS treatment can attenuate cardiovascular deconditioning induced by a 4-day -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR). METHODS Fourteen healthy male subjects were randomly allocated to a control group (control, n=6, 4 days HDBR without countermeasures) and a TEAS treatment group (TEAS, n=8, 4 days HDBR with TEAS at Neiguan (PC6) for 30 min each day for 4 consecutive days during HDBR). OT, plasma hormones, plasma volume and heart rate variability were assessed before and after HDBR. Cardiac function and cerebral blood flow were measured before, during and after HDBR. RESULTS The data showed that TEAS treatment mitigated the decrease in OT that was observed in the control group and cardiac function, alleviated autonomic dysfunction, and partially prevented plasma volume reduction after HDBR. Angiotensin II and aldosterone were significantly increased by 129.3% and 133.3% after HDBR in the TEAS group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that 30 min of daily TEAS treatment at PC6 is partially effective in maintaining OT, probably due to increased plasma volume-regulating hormones and activation of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. TEAS treatment appears effective at reducing cardiovascular deconditioning induced by HDBR for 4 days. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02300207.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changbin Yang
- Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Luan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiqing Sun
- Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Electroacupuncture Treatment Improves Learning-Memory Ability and Brain Glucose Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Using Morris Water Maze and Micro-PET. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:142129. [PMID: 25821477 PMCID: PMC4363614 DOI: 10.1155/2015/142129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive hippocampus dysfunctions leading to the impairment of learning and memory ability and low level of uptake rate of glucose in hippocampus. What is more, there is no effective treatment for AD. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial and protective effects of electroacupuncture in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). Method. In the electroacupuncture paradigm, electroacupuncture treatment was performed once a day for 15 days on 7.5-month-old SAMP8 male mice. In the normal control paradigm and AD control group, 7.5-month-old SAMR1 male mice and SAMP8 male mice were grabbed and bandaged while electroacupuncture group therapy, in order to ensure the same treatment conditions, once a day, 15 days. Results. From the Morris water maze (MWM) test, we found that the treatment of electroacupuncture can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of SAMP8 mouse, and from the micro-PET test, we proved that after the electroacupuncture treatment the level of uptake rate of glucose in hippocampus was higher than normal control group. Conclusion. These results suggest that the treatment of electroacupuncture may provide a viable treatment option for AD.
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