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Vô C, Bartoletti S, Benali K, Gonzalez CM, Mondésert B, Gagnon MH, Dyrda K, Fourier A, Khairy P. Robotic magnetic-guided catheter ablation in patients with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:227-236. [PMID: 36852632 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2184798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic magnetic navigation (RMN) has emerged as a potential solution to overcome challenges associated with catheter ablation of arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). OBJECTIVES To assess safety and efficacy of RMNguided catheter ablation in patients with CHD. DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review and pooled analysis was conducted on patients with CHD who underwent RMNguided catheter ablation. Random effects models were used to generate pooled estimates with the inverse variance method used for weighting studies. RESULTS Twentyfour nonoverlapping records included 167 patients with CHD, mean age 36.5 years, 44.6% female. Type of CHD was simple in 27 (16.2%), moderate in 32 (19.2%), and complex in 106 (63.5%). A total of 202 procedures targeted 260 arrhythmias, the most common being macroreentrant atrial circuits. The mean procedural duration was 207.5 minutes, with a mean fluoroscopy time of 12.1 minutes. The pooled acute success rate was 89.2% [95% CI (77.8%, 97.4%)]. Freedom from arrhythmia recurrence was 84.5% [95% CI (72.5%, 94.0%)] over a mean follow-up of 24.3 months. The procedural complication rate was 3.5% with no complication attributable to RMN technology. CONCLUSION RMN-guided ablation appears to be safe and effective across a variety of arrhythmia substrates and types of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vô
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefano Bartoletti
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karim Benali
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Electrophysiology Service, Department of Cardiology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, SaintEtienne, France
| | - Cecilia M Gonzalez
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Blandine Mondésert
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Gagnon
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katia Dyrda
- Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Fourier
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Electrophysiology Service, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Massarella D, Alonso-Gonzalez R. Updates in the management of congenital heart disease in adult patients. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:719-732. [PMID: 36128784 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2125870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with congenital heart disease represent a highly diverse, ever-growing population. Optimal approaches to management of problems such as arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, heart failure, transplant, application of advanced therapies and unrepaired shunt lesions are incompletely established. Efforts to strengthen our understanding of these complex clinical challenges and inform evidence-based practices are ongoing. AREAS COVERED This narrative review summarizes evidence underpinning current approaches to congenital heart disease management while highlighting areas requiring further investigation. A search of literature published in 'Medline,' 'EMBASE,' and 'PubMed' using search terms 'congenital heart disease,' 'arrhythmia,' 'sudden cardiac death,' 'heart failure,' 'heart transplant,' 'advanced heart failure therapy,' 'ventricular assist device (VAD),' 'mechanical circulatory support (MSC),' 'intracardiac shunt' and combinations thereof was undertaken. EXPERT OPINION Application of novel technologies in the diagnosis and management of arrhythmia has and will continue to improve outcomes in this population. Sudden death remains a prevalent problem with many persistent unknowns. Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Improved access to specialist care, advanced therapies and cardiac transplant is needed. The emerging field of cardio-obstetrics will continue to define state-of-the-art care for the reproductive health of women with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Massarella
- Department of Cardiology, University Health Network, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto ACHD program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael Alonso-Gonzalez
- Department of Cardiology, University Health Network, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto ACHD program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Sinan A, Chan KH, Young GD, Martin A, Sepahpour A, Sy RW. Systematic review of electrophysiology procedures in patients with obstruction of the inferior vena cava. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:1300-1311. [PMID: 35441755 PMCID: PMC9323496 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review to describe and compare the different approaches for performing cardiac electrophysiology (EP) procedures in patients with interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) or equivalent entities causing IVC obstruction. METHODS We conducted a structured search to identify manuscripts reporting EP procedures with interrupted IVC or IVC obstruction of any aetiology published up until August 2020. No restrictions were applied in the search strategy. We also included seven local cases that met inclusion criteria. RESULTS The analysis included 142 patients (mean age 48.9 years; 48% female) undergoing 143 procedures. Obstruction of the IVC was not known before the index procedure in 54% of patients. Congenital interruption of IVC was the most frequent cause (80%); and, associated congenital heart disease (CHD) was observed in 43% of patients in this setting. The superior approach for ablation was the most frequently used strategy (52%), followed by inferior approach via the azygos or hemiazygos vein (24%), transhepatic approach (14%), and retroaortic approach (10%). Electroanatomical mapping (58%), use of long sheaths (41%), intracardiac echocardiography (19%), transesophageal echocardiography (15%) and remote controlled magnetic navigation (13%) were used as adjuncts to aid performance. Ablation was successful in 135 of 140 procedures in which outcomes were reported. Major complications were only reported in patients undergoing AF ablation, including two patients with pericardial effusion, one of whom required surgical repair, and another patient who died after inadvertent entry into an undiagnosed atrioesophageal fistula from a previous procedure. CONCLUSION The superior approach is most frequent approach for performing EP procedures in the setting of obstructed IVC. Transhepatic approach is a feasible alternative, and may provide a "familiar approach" for transseptal access when it is required. Adjunctive use of long sheaths, intravascular echocardiography, electro-anatomical mapping and remote magnetic navigation may be helpful, especially if there is associated complex CHD. With careful planning, EP procedures can usually be successfully performed with a low risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Sinan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Kim H Chan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn D Young
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Martin
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ali Sepahpour
- Department of Cardiology, St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raymond W Sy
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Moore JP, Gallotti RG, Shannon KM, Blais BA, DeWitt ES, Chiu SN, Spar DS, Fish FA, Shah MJ, Ernst S, Khairy P, Kanter RJ, Chang PM, Pilcher T, Law IH, Silver ES, Wu MH. Multicenter Outcomes of Catheter Ablation for Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia Mediated by Twin Atrioventricular Nodes. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 8:322-330. [PMID: 34600852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to describe the electrophysiologic properties and catheter ablation outcomes for T-AVRT. BACKGROUND Although catheter ablation for atrioventricular (AV) reciprocating tachycardia via twin AV nodes (T-AVRT) is an established entity, there are few data on the electrophysiological properties and outcomes of this procedure. METHODS An international, multicenter study was conducted to collect retrospective procedural and outcomes data for catheter ablation of T-AVRT. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients with T-AVRT were identified (median age at procedure, 8 years [interquartile range, 4.4-17.0 years]; 49% male). Of these, 55 (93%) were diagnosed with heterotaxy syndrome (right atrial isomerism in 39, left atrial isomerism in 8, and indeterminate in 8). Twenty-three (39%) had undergone Fontan operation (12 extracardiac, 11 lateral tunnel). After the Fontan operation, atrial access was conduit or baffle puncture in 15 (65%), fenestration in 5 (22%), and retrograde in 3 (13%). Acute success was achieved in 43 (91%) of 47 attempts (targeting an anterior node in 23 and posterior node in 24). There was no high-grade AV block or change in QRS duration. Over a median of 3.8 years, there were 3 recurrences. Of 7 patients with failed index procedure or recurrent T-AVRT, 6 (86%) were associated with anatomical hurdles such as prior Fontan or catheter course through an interrupted inferior vena cava-to-azygous vein continuation (P = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS T-AVRT can be targeted successfully with low risk for recurrence. Complications were rare in this population. Anatomical challenges were common among patients with reduced short and long-term efficacy, representing opportunities for improvement in procedural timing and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Moore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Roberto G Gallotti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin A Blais
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth S DeWitt
- Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuenn-Nan Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David S Spar
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank A Fish
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maully J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sabine Ernst
- Cardiology Department, National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Khairy
- Electrophysiology Service and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ronald J Kanter
- Department of Cardiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Philip M Chang
- University of Florida Health Congenital Heart Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Pilcher
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ian H Law
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Eric S Silver
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mei-Hwan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nar G, Akgün AE. Successful atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation in a female patient with left isomerism. Anatol J Cardiol 2021; 25:453-455. [PMID: 34100734 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.89026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gökay Nar
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University; Denizli-Turkey
| | - Alperen Emre Akgün
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University; Denizli-Turkey
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Wu MH, Wang JK, Chiu SN, Tseng WC, Lu CW, Lin HC, Lin MT, Chen CA. Twin atrioventricular nodes, arrhythmias, and survival in pediatric and adult patients with heterotaxy syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2020; 18:605-612. [PMID: 33321198 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotaxy syndrome is likely to involve arrhythmias from associated conduction system abnormalities, which are distinct in different subtypes of isomerism and may change further after interventions and remodeling. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to understand the risk of arrhythmias and its relation to isomerism subtypes. METHODS Patients diagnosed between 1980 and 2019 as having heterotaxy syndrome were enrolled and grouped as right atrial isomerism (RAI), left atrial isomerism (LAI), or indeterminate isomerism. RESULTS Of the 366 patients enrolled, 326 (89.1%) had RAI, 35 (9.6%) LAI, and 5 (1.4%) indeterminate isomerism; 71 (19.4%) patients were adults. Arrhythmias occurred in 37.2% of patients (109 supraventricular tachycardia [SVT], 8 atrial fibrillation/flutter, 12 ventricular tachycardia, and 14 paced bradycardia). Freedom from arrhythmias by the age of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 years was 0.849, 0.680, 0.550, 0.413, and 0.053, respectively. Twin atrioventricular nodes were identified in 51.5% of patients with RAI, 8.7% of patients with LAI, and 40.0% of patients with indeterminate isomerism and were the key predictors of SVT. Indeterminate isomerism was also a risk factor for SVT. Other forms of tachycardia appeared relatively late. Sinus bradycardia with junctional rhythm was common in LAI (48.7%) and less in indeterminate isomerism (20.0%), with none occurring in RAI. Only in patients with RAI who showed the poorest survival, ventricular tachycardia worsened the long-term survival. CONCLUSION RAI was the predominant subtype of heterotaxy in this cohort. Collectively, the median RAI/LAI ratio was 0.731 and 5.450 in Western and East Asian studies, respectively. Arrhythmias, tachycardia, or paced bradycardia were common, but the spectrum was distinct among subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jou-Kou Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheunn-Nan Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuan-Lin Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chia Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuan-Lin Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tai Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in patients with complex congenital heart disease and twin atrioventricular nodes. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2020; 6:482-487. [PMID: 32817823 PMCID: PMC7424228 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Agarwal R, Varghese R, Jesudian V, Moses J. The heterotaxy syndrome: associated congenital heart defects and management. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 37:67-81. [PMID: 33603285 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-020-00935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotaxy syndrome (HS) constitutes a spectrum of anomalies arising from embryological errors that result in abnormalities of lateralization involving thoraco-abdominal viscera and culminate in loss of normal asymmetric arrangement of these organs. Besides the unique challenges involved in planning and execution of surgical procedures aimed at correction or palliation of these anomalies, they have the potential to cause profound physiological and immunological consequences in the individual patient due to their cardiac and extra-cardiac manifestations. This article aims to review the literature on this rare and extraordinary subset of developmental anomalies with the intention of familiarizing the reader on the modes of presentation, manifestations, and the variations thereof while dealing with this anomaly. In our institutional experience with HS, 75 consecutive patients were seen between January 2011 and September 2018. Of these, 48 (64%) were confirmed to have isomerism of right atrial appendages (IRAA) and the rest had isomerism of left atrial appendages (ILAA). The cardiac and extra-cardiac manifestations of these patients were listed out. Fifty-four patients (34 with IRAA and 20 with ILAA) underwent 83 surgical procedures. While 49 patients were palliated on the univentricular pathway, 5 underwent biventricular repair. The in-hospital mortality was 7 (13%) in both groups combined (5 for patients with IRAA and 2 for ILAA). In conclusion, the surgical management of HS is associated with satisfactory outcomes in current era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Agarwal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr. J.J. Nagar, Mogappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Roy Varghese
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr. J.J. Nagar, Mogappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vimala Jesudian
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr. J.J. Nagar, Mogappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jeswin Moses
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr. J.J. Nagar, Mogappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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Cazzoli I, Gunturiz-Beltran C, Guarguagli S, Alonso-Gonzalez R, Babu-Narayan SV, Dimopoulos K, Swan L, Uebing A, Gatzoulis MA, Ernst S. Catheter ablation for patients with end-stage complex congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathy considered for transplantation: Trials and tribulations. Int J Cardiol 2020; 301:127-134. [PMID: 31604655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arrhythmia contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) or cardiomyopathy (CMP). It also has the potential to worsen symptoms and is particularly detrimental to patients with advanced heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation. We report our experience using catheter ablation to treat recurrent arrhythmia in patients with CHD or CMP considered for transplantation. METHODS Five consecutive patients (3 female, mean age 47.8 ± 12.8 years) with complex CHD or CMP (tricuspid atresia, mitral atresia, double inlet left ventricle, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction) presented with either atrial (n = 3) or ventricular (n = 2) arrhythmias. All ablations were guided by three-dimensional (3D) electro-anatomical mapping, plus remote magnetic navigation in 3 patients. RESULTS Patients underwent a median of 2 ablation procedures for a total number of 26 tachycardias. None of the 5 patients experienced further arrhythmia at a median of 939 days (range 4-1375) from their last ablation. During a median follow up of 31 months (range 1-70), three patients underwent successful transplantation at 1375, 1062 and 321 days following their last ablation. One patient with a Fontan circulation died from hepatic cancer and one from end-stage heart failure despite urgent transplant listing. CONCLUSIONS Catheter ablation is feasible in complex cardiac patients considered for heart transplantation and should be offered for rhythm management and patient optimization until a suitable donor is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cazzoli
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Gunturiz-Beltran
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Electrophysiology Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Guarguagli
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Alonso-Gonzalez
- Adult and Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonya V Babu-Narayan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Center, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Adult and Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Swan
- Adult and Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anselm Uebing
- Electrophysiology Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael A Gatzoulis
- Adult and Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Ernst
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Isomerism of the atrial appendages: morphology and terminology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 47:107205. [PMID: 32179252 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim is to identify the pathognomonic anatomical markers and the best terminology to describe the cardiac malformations associated with absent or multiple spleens, which are known as asplenia or polysplenia syndromes or isomerism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have reviewed 65 hearts with isomerism of atrial appendages of the Anatomical Collections of Congenital Heart Disease, Institute of Pathological Anatomy of the University of Padua consisting of 1800 specimens. All the hearts were classified according to sequential segmental classification. RESULTS The incidence of isomerism was 3.6%. Of the total, 45 hearts with isomerism of right atrial appendages showed bilateral trilobed lungs, short bronchi, and absent spleen. The atrioventricular junction was univentricular in 49% of cases with a common atrioventricular valve in 91%. Pulmonary atresia and double outlet right ventricle were present in 40% and 47% of cases, respectively. Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and absent coronary sinus were always present. In 20 hearts with isomerism of left atrial appendages, bilateral bilobed lungs with long bilateral bronchi and multiple spleens were always found. The biventricular atrioventricular connection was present in 65% with a common valve in 30% of the hearts. The ventriculoarterial connection was concordant in 45% of cases, and aortic atresia and pulmonary atresia were both noted in 15% of each. An anomalous symmetric pulmonary venous drainage was observed in 65% of the hearts and interruption of inferior vena cava was found in 75% of cases. CONCLUSIONS We believe that the appropriate terminology is based on the symmetrical morphology of the atrial appendages. The absence of the coronary sinus and the total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage are the markers of isomerism of the right atrial appendages. Symmetric pulmonary venous drainage and interruption of inferior vena cava are the markers of isomerism of left atrial appendages. In recent years, thanks to the improvement of clinical diagnosis and of surgical techniques these patients have the possibility to survive to adult age.
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Technological Advances in Arrhythmia Management Applied to Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1708-1722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Ávila P, Bessière F, Mondésert B, Abadir S, Dore A, Mongeon FP, Dubuc M, Khairy P. Cryoablation for Perinodal Arrhythmia Substrates in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease and Displaced Atrioventricular Conduction Systems. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 4:1328-1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Liu XY, Jacobsen PK, Pehrson S, Chen X. Catheter ablation of incisional atrial tachycardia using remote magnetic navigation in patients after heart surgery: comparison between acquired and congenital heart disease. Europace 2018; 20:ii33-ii39. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 299, Qingyang Road, 214023 Wuxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Karl Jacobsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Pehrson
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Bessière F, Mongeon FP, Therrien J, Khairy P. Magnetic-guided catheter ablation of twin AV nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with left atrial isomerism, interrupted inferior vena cana, and Kawashima-Fontan procedure. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:2105-2110. [PMID: 29225866 PMCID: PMC5715600 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin AV nodal reentrant tachycardia most commonly occurs in patients with complex congenital heart disease who have two distinct AV nodes, His bundles, and non‐preexcited QRS morphologies. Catheter ablation of the weaker AV node may be hindered by anatomical complexities. In such cases, remote magnetic guidance offers a potentially effective solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bessière
- Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Judith Therrien
- Jewish General Hospital and MAUDE Unit McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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15
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Refaat MM, Ballout J, Mansour M. Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2017; 6:191-194. [PMID: 29326834 DOI: 10.15420/2017.2017.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With improved surgical techniques and medical management for patients with congenital heart diseases, more patients are living longer and well into adulthood. This improved survival comes with a price of increased morbidity, mainly secondary to increased risk of tachyarrhythmias. One of the major arrhythmias commonly encountered in this subset of cardiac patients is AF. Similar to the general population, the risk of AF increases with advancing age, and is mainly secondary to the abnormal anatomy, abnormal pressure and volume parameters in the hearts of these patients and to the increased scarring and inflammation seen in the left atrium following multiple surgical procedures. Catheter ablation for AF has been shown to be a very effective treatment modality in patients with refractory AF. However, data and guidelines regarding catheter ablation in patients with congenital heart disease are not well established. This review will shed light on the procedural techniques, success rates and complications of AF catheter ablation in patients with different types of CHD, including atrial septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, persistent left superior vena cava, heterotaxy syndrome and atrial isomerism, and Ebstein anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan M Refaat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division,American University of Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jad Ballout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division,American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moussa Mansour
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School,Boston, USA
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16
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Abstract
Arrhythmias are common in adults with congenital heart disease and account for a large proportion of hospitalizations. The complex anatomical heterogeneity, often in the presence of a delicate hemodynamic system, presents a significant electrophysiological challenge. This review outlines current clinical practice and advances in maximizing the effectiveness of ablation for arrhythmias in congenital heart patients.
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17
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Philip Saul J, Kanter RJ, Abrams D, Asirvatham S, Bar-Cohen Y, Blaufox AD, Cannon B, Clark J, Dick M, Freter A, Kertesz NJ, Kirsh JA, Kugler J, LaPage M, McGowan FX, Miyake CY, Nathan A, Papagiannis J, Paul T, Pflaumer A, Skanes AC, Stevenson WG, Von Bergen N, Zimmerman F. PACES/HRS expert consensus statement on the use of catheter ablation in children and patients with congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:e251-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Ernst S, Yen Ho S, McCarthy K. [Arrhythmia in adults with congenital heart defects : Atrial tachycardia]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2016; 27:122-30. [PMID: 27250726 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-016-0432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrial arrhythmias are frequently encountered in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) with or without corrective surgery and respond to pharmacological therapies with only limited success. This review describes the technologies currently available for performing successful ablation procedures in this very complex patient cohort. In addition to an understanding of the underlying anatomy, which can be supplemented by 3D imaging with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), the choice between the different 3D mapping systems (sequential versus simultaneous) is presented. Finally, conventional manual navigation is compared with magnetic navigation and then discussed with regard to the respective arrhythmias encountered with the different forms of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ernst
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, SW3 6NP, London, UK.
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Siew Yen Ho
- Brompton Cardiac Morphology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karen McCarthy
- Brompton Cardiac Morphology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
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19
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Uemura H. Surgical aspects of atrial arrhythmia : Right atrial ablation and anti-arrhythmic surgery in congenital heart disease. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2016; 27:137-42. [PMID: 27225164 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-016-0434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial arrhythmias are frequently described in congenital heart disease. OBJECTIVES To provide a surgical perspective of anti-arrhythmic procedures and strategic approaches. METHODS Discussion of the history of anti-arrhythmic treatments in congenital heart disease. RESULTS Before the advent of the Maze procedure (first published in 1991), surgery mainly focused on patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and also on arrhythmias in Ebstein's malformation. Atrial septal defects (ASD) subsequently received more attention, i.e., in terms of atrial arrhythmia in the natural prognosis and the surgically modified course and in terms of surgical versus transcatheter approaches. Based on the background of various atrial arrhythmia mechanisms of ASD, several surgical procedures have been reported, ranging from the bilateral full Maze procedure to simple modification of right atriotomy. The so-called right atrial Maze procedure occupies a special position from the viewpoint of cardiology in acquired heart disease, especially in cases of frequently occurring right heart failure. In hearts with more complex structural abnormalities, a detailed understanding of the conditions to improve overall surgical outcome and develop future "anti-arrhythmic" strategies is necessary. CONCLUSIONS It is important to precisely specify factors in the individual cases, not only morphological diversity but also technical and strategic variations and their consequences. A variety of anti-arrhythmic surgical procedures are currently available. How and when to use which procedure requires professional insight and cautious clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Uemura
- Consultant Cardiac Surgeon, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, SW3 6NP, London, UK.
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20
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ROY KARINE, GOMEZ-PULIDO FEDERICO, ERNST SABINE. Remote Magnetic Navigation for Catheter Ablation in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: A Review. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016; 27 Suppl 1:S45-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KARINE ROY
- Department of Cardiology; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - FEDERICO GOMEZ-PULIDO
- Department of Cardiology; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - SABINE ERNST
- Department of Cardiology; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- Biomedical Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
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21
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Grant EK, Berul CI. Transcatheter therapies for arrhythmias in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Interv Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Chubb H, Williams SE, Wright M, Rosenthal E, O'Neill M. Tachyarrhythmias and catheter ablation in adult congenital heart disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 12:751-70. [PMID: 24783943 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2014.914434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advances in surgical technique have had an immense impact on longevity and quality of life in patients with congenital heart disease. However, an inevitable consequence of these surgical successes is the creation of a unique patient population whose anatomy, surgical history and haemodynamics result in the development of a challenging and complex arrhythmia substrate. Furthermore, this patient group remains susceptible to the arrhythmias seen in the general adult population. It is through a thorough appreciation of the cardiac structural defect, the surgical corrective approach, and haemodynamic impact that the most effective arrhythmia care can be delivered. Catheter ablation techniques offer a highly effective management option but require a meticulous attention to the real-time integration of anatomical and electrophysiological information to identify and eliminate the culprit arrhythmia substrate. This review describes the current approach to the interventional management of patients with tachyarrhythmias in the context of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Chubb
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, King's College London, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
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23
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Sherwin ED, Triedman JK, Walsh EP. Update on interventional electrophysiology in congenital heart disease: evolving solutions for complex hearts. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013; 6:1032-40. [PMID: 24129205 DOI: 10.1161/circep.113.000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Sherwin
- Division of Cardiology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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