1
|
Kutarski A, Jacheć W, Polewczyk A, Nowosielecka D, Miszczak-Knecht M, Brzezinska M, Bieganowska K. Transvenous Lead Extraction in Adult Patient with Leads Implanted in Childhood-Is That the Same Procedure as in Other Adult Patients? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14594. [PMID: 36361474 PMCID: PMC9657280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead management in children and young adults is still a matter of debate. METHODS To assess the course of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in adults with pacemakers implanted in childhood (CIP) we compared 98 CIP patients with a control group consisting of adults with pacemakers implanted in adulthood (AIP). RESULTS CIP patients differed from AIP patients with respect to indications for TLE and pacing history. CIP patients were four-eight times more likely to require second-line or advanced tools. Furthermore, CIP patients more often than AIP were prone to developing complications: major complications (MC) (any) 2.6 times; hemopericardium 3.2 times; severe tricuspid valve damage 4.4 times; need for rescue cardiac surgery 3.7 times. The rate of procedural success was 11% lower because of 4.8 times more common lead remnants and 3.1 times more frequent permanently disabling complications. CONCLUSIONS Due to system-related risk factors TLE in CIP patients is more difficult and complex. TLE in CIP is associated with an increased risk of MC and incomplete lead removal. A conservative strategy of lead management, acceptable in very old patients seems to be less suitable in CIP because it creates a subpopulation of patients at high risk of major complications during TLE in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University, 41-800 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Department of Physiology, Patophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Świętokrzyskie Center of Cardiology, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
| | - Maria Miszczak-Knecht
- Department of Cardiology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Brzezinska
- Department of Cardiology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bieganowska
- Department of Cardiology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Russo V, Viani S, Migliore F, Nigro G, Biffi M, Tola G, Bisignani G, Dello Russo A, Sartori P, Rordorf R, Ottaviano L, Perego GB, Checchi L, Segreti L, Bertaglia E, Lovecchio M, Valsecchi S, Bongiorni MG. Lead Abandonment and Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (S-ICD) Implantation in a Cohort of Patients With ICD Lead Malfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:692943. [PMID: 34395560 PMCID: PMC8356671 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.692943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: When an implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead becomes non-functional, a recommendation currently exists for either lead abandonment or removal. Lead abandonment and subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) implantation may represent an additional option for patients who do not require pacing. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of a strategy of lead abandonment and S-ICD implantation in the setting of lead malfunction. Methods: We analyzed all consecutive patients who underwent S-ICD implantation after abandonment of malfunctioning leads and compared their outcomes with those of patients who underwent extraction and subsequent reimplantation of a single-chamber transvenous ICD (T-ICD). Results: Forty-three patients underwent S-ICD implantation after abandonment of malfunctioning leads, while 62 patients underwent extraction and subsequent reimplantation of a new T-ICD. The two groups were comparable. In the extraction group, no major complications occurred during extraction, while the procedure failed and an S-ICD was implanted in 4 patients. During a median follow-up of 21 months, 3 major complications or deaths occurred in the S-ICD group and 11 in the T-ICD group (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.29–3.94; P = 0.912). Minor complications were 4 in the S-ICD group and 5 in the T-ICD group (HR 2.13; 95% CI 0.49–9.24; P = 0.238). Conclusions: In the event of ICD lead malfunction, extraction avoids the potential long-term risks of abandoned leads. Nonetheless the strategy of lead abandonment and S-ICD implantation was feasible and safe, with no significant increase in adverse outcomes, and may represent an option in selected clinical settings. Further studies are needed to fully understand the potential risks of lead abandonment. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02275637
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Viani
- Second Cardiology Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Migliore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nigro
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Clinica di Cardiologia e Aritmologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Sartori
- Cardiology Division, Hospital IRCCS San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Rordorf
- Department of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Ottaviano
- Cardiology Division, Istituto Clinico S. Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Checchi
- Cardiology Division, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Segreti
- Second Cardiology Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bertaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Grazia Bongiorni
- Second Cardiology Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nubila BCLSD, Lacerda GDC, Rey HCV, Barbosa RM. Percutaneous Removal of Cardiac Leads in a Single Center in South America. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:908-916. [PMID: 34008813 PMCID: PMC8121483 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, the number of cardiac electronic devices has risen considerably and consequently the occasional need for their removal. Concurrently, the transvenous lead removal became a safe procedure that could prevent open-heart surgery. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to describe the successful performance and the complication rates of pacemaker removals in a Brazilian public hospital. Our secondary aim was to describe the variables associated to successes and complications. METHODS A retrospective case series was conducted in patients submitted to pacemaker removal in a Brazilian public hospital from January 2013 to June 2018. Removal, explant, extraction, success and complication rates were defined by the 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Guideline. Categorical variables were compared using x2 or Fisher's tests, while continuous variables were compared by unpaired tests. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Cardiac device removals were performed in 61 patients, of which 51 were submitted to lead extractions and 10 to lead explants. In total, 128 leads were removed. Our clinical success rate was 100% in the explant group and 90.2% in the extraction one (p=0.58). Major complications were observed in 6.6% patients. Procedure failure was associated to older right ventricle (p=0.05) and atrial leads (p=0,04). Procedure duration (p=0.003) and need for blood transfusion (p<0,001) were associated to more complications. CONCLUSION Complications and clinical success were observed in 11.5% and 91.8% of the population, respectively. Removal of older atrial and ventricular leads were associated with lower success rates. Longer procedures and blood transfusions were associated with complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Costa Lemos Silva Di Nubila
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Hospital Pró-CardíacoRio de JaneiroRJBrasilHospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Gustavo de Castro Lacerda
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Helena Cramer Veiga Rey
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Minati Barbosa
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sidhu BS, Rua T, Gould J, Porter B, Sieniewicz B, Niederer S, Rinaldi CA, Carr-White G. Economic evaluation of a dedicated cardiac resynchronisation therapy preassessment clinic. Open Heart 2020; 7:openhrt-2020-001249. [PMID: 32690548 PMCID: PMC7373313 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patient evaluation before cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) remains heterogeneous across centres and it is suspected a proportion of patients with unfavourable characteristics proceed to implantation. We developed a unique CRT preassessment clinic (CRT PAC) to act as a final review for patients already considered for CRT. We hypothesised that this clinic would identify some patients unsuitable for CRT through updated investigations and review. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether the CRT PAC led to savings for the National Health Service (NHS). Methods A decision tree model was made to evaluate two clinical pathways; (1) standard of care where all patients initially seen in an outpatient cardiology clinic proceeded directly to CRT and (2) management of patients in CRT PAC. Results 244 patients were reviewed in the CRT PAC; 184 patients were eligible to proceed directly for implantation and 48 patients did not meet consensus guidelines for CRT so were not implanted. Following CRT, 82.4% of patients had improvement in their clinical composite score and 57.7% had reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume ≥15%. Using the decision tree model, by reviewing patients in the CRT PAC, the total savings for the NHS was £966 880. Taking into consideration the additional cost of the clinic and by applying this model structure throughout the NHS, the potential savings could be as much as £39 million. Conclusions CRT PAC appropriately selects patients and leads to substantial savings for the NHS. Adopting this clinic across the NHS has the potential to save £39 million.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Singh Sidhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom .,Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Rua
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Gould
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Porter
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Sieniewicz
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Aldo Rinaldi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Carr-White
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gould J, Sidhu BS, Porter B, Sieniewicz BJ, Freeman S, de Wilt EC, Glover JC, Razavi R, Rinaldi CA. Financial and resource costs of transvenous lead extraction in a high-volume lead extraction centre. Heart 2020; 106:931-937. [PMID: 31932286 PMCID: PMC7282498 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) poses a significant economic and resource burden on healthcare systems; however, limited data exist on its true cost. We therefore estimate real-world healthcare reimbursement costs of TLE to the UK healthcare system at a single extraction centre. METHODS Consecutive admissions entailing TLE at a high-volume UK centre between April 2013 and March 2018 were prospectively recorded in a computer registry. In the hospital's National Health Service (NHS) clinical coding/reimbursement database, 447 cases were identified. Mean reimbursement cost (n=445) and length of stay (n=447) were calculated. Ordinary least squares regressions estimated the relationship between cost (bed days) and clinical factors. RESULTS Mean reimbursement cost per admission was £17 399.09±£13 966.49. Total reimbursement for all TLE admissions was £7 777 393.51. Mean length of stay was 16.3±15.16 days with a total of 7199 bed days. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator devices incurred higher reimbursement costs (70.5% and 68.7% higher, respectively, both p<0.001). Heart failure and prior valve surgery also incurred significantly higher reimbursement costs. Prior valve surgery and heart failure were associated with 8.3 (p=0.017) and 5.5 (p=0.021) additional days in hospital, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Financial costs to the NHS from TLE are substantial. Consideration should therefore be given to cost/resource-sparing potential of leadless/extravascular cardiac devices that negate the need for TLE particularly in patients with prior valve surgery and/or heart failure. Additionally, use of antibiotic envelopes and other interventions that reduce infection risk in patients receiving transvenous leads should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gould
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK .,King's College London, London, UK
| | - Baldeep S Sidhu
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bradley Porter
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin J Sieniewicz
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Reza Razavi
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Rinaldi
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sidhu BS, Rajani R, Rinaldi CA. Chronic ventricular lead perforation: Expect the unexpected. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:465-468. [PMID: 30899473 PMCID: PMC6406153 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose a chronic right ventricular lead perforation. They should be suspected in patients who develop breathlessness and have a sudden change in pacing parameters. Contrast-enhanced CT provides high diagnostic accuracy. They can often be extracted percutaneously and rarely require surgical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep S. Sidhu
- Cardiology DepartmentGuy’s & St Thomas’ HospitalsLondonUK
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ronak Rajani
- Cardiology DepartmentGuy’s & St Thomas’ HospitalsLondonUK
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christopher A. Rinaldi
- Cardiology DepartmentGuy’s & St Thomas’ HospitalsLondonUK
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perez AA, Woo FW, Tsang DC, Carrillo RG. Transvenous Lead Extractions: Current Approaches and Future Trends. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2018; 7:210-217. [PMID: 30416735 PMCID: PMC6141917 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2018.33.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has continued to rise along with indications for their removal. When confronted with challenging clinical scenarios such as device infection, malfunction or vessel occlusion, patients often require the prompt removal of CIED hardware, including associated leads. Recent advancements in percutaneous methods have enabled physicians to face a myriad of complex lead extractions with efficiency and safety. Looking ahead, emerging technologies hold great promise in making extractions safer and more accessible for patients worldwide. This review will provide the most up-to-date indications and procedural approaches for lead extractions and insight on the future trends in this novel field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adryan A Perez
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Frank W Woo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Darren C Tsang
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sidhu BS, Gould J, Sieniewicz BJ, Porter B, Rinaldi CA. Complications associated with cardiac resynchronization therapy upgrades versus de novo implantations. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 16:607-615. [PMID: 29985076 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1498783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant number of patients undergo upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). These patients tend to differ from individuals undergoing de novo CRT implantations both in terms of their baseline demographics and the etiology underlying their heart failure. Areas covered: There are several factors that need to be considered when upgrading patients to CRT, such as, venous patency. Potentially, these conditions can cause issues which may result in procedures being more difficult than de novo implantations. This article discusses these issues and compares the rates of procedural-related complications for CRT upgrades and de novo implantations. It discusses the proportion of patients that are likely to respond to CRT with each intervention. Expert commentary: Understanding the relative risks of CRT upgrades versus de novo implantations is important to help operators select the correct initial device and counsel patients accordingly. Growing experience with image-guided implantations and endocardial pacing may prove to be particularly relevant to patients undergoing CRT upgrades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep S Sidhu
- a Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , King's College London , London , UK.,b Cardiology Department , Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Justin Gould
- a Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , King's College London , London , UK.,b Cardiology Department , Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Benjamin J Sieniewicz
- a Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , King's College London , London , UK.,b Cardiology Department , Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Bradley Porter
- a Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , King's College London , London , UK.,b Cardiology Department , Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Christopher A Rinaldi
- a Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , King's College London , London , UK.,b Cardiology Department , Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|