1
|
Wu T, Bafort Q, Mortier F, Almeida-Silva F, Natran A, Van de Peer Y. The immediate metabolomic effects of whole-genome duplication in the greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024:e16383. [PMID: 39087852 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE In plants, whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a common mutation with profound evolutionary potential. Given the costs associated with a superfluous genome copy, polyploid establishment is enigmatic. However, in the right environment, immediate phenotypic changes following WGD can facilitate establishment. Metabolite abundances are the direct output of the cell's regulatory network and determine much of the impact of environmental and genetic change on the phenotype. While it is well known that an increase in the bulk amount of genetic material can increase cell size, the impact of gene dosage multiplication on the metabolome remains largely unknown. METHODS We used untargeted metabolomics on four genetically distinct diploid-neoautotetraploid pairs of the greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, to investigate how WGD affects metabolite abundances per cell and per biomass. RESULTS Autopolyploidy increased metabolite levels per cell, but the response of individual metabolites varied considerably. However, the impact on metabolite level per biomass was restricted because the increased cell size reduced the metabolite concentration per cell. Nevertheless, we detected both quantitative and qualitative effects of WGD on the metabolome. Many effects were strain-specific, but some were shared by all four strains. CONCLUSIONS The nature and impact of metabolic changes after WGD depended strongly on the genotype. Dosage effects have the potential to alter the plant metabolome qualitatively and quantitatively, but were largely balanced out by the reduction in metabolite concentration due to an increase in cell size in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Quinten Bafort
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Frederik Mortier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Fabricio Almeida-Silva
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Annelore Natran
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University Biochemistry, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Assour HR, Ashman TL, Turcotte MM. Neopolyploidy-induced changes in giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) alter herbivore preference and performance and plant population performance. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024:e16301. [PMID: 38468124 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Polyploidy is a widespread mutational process in angiosperms that may alter population performance of not only plants but also their interacting species. Yet, knowledge of whether polyploidy affects plant-herbivore dynamics is scarce. Here, we tested whether aphid herbivores exhibit preference for diploid or neopolyploid plants, whether polyploidy impacts plant and herbivore performance, and whether these interactions depend on the plant genetic background. METHODS Using independently synthesized neotetraploid strains paired with their diploid progenitors of greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), we evaluated the effect of neopolyploidy on duckweed's interaction with the water-lily aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae). Using paired-choice experiments, we evaluated feeding preference of the herbivore. We then evaluated the consequences of polyploidy on aphid and plant performance by measuring population growth over multiple generations. RESULTS Aphids preferred neopolyploids when plants were provided at equal abundances but not at equal surface areas, suggesting the role of plant population surface area in driving this preference. Additionally, neopolyploidy increased aphid population performance, but this result was dependent on the plant's genetic lineage. Lastly, the impact of herbivory on neopolyploid vs. diploid duckweed varied greatly with genetic lineage, where neopolyploids appeared to be variably tolerant compared to diploids, sometimes mirroring the effect on herbivore performance. CONCLUSIONS By experimentally testing the impacts of polyploidy on trophic species interactions, we showed that polyploidization can impact the preference and performance of herbivores on their plant hosts. These results have significant implications for the establishment and persistence of plants and herbivores in the face of plant polyploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Assour
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - Martin M Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|