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Yu Q, Pei X, Wei Y, Naveed S, Wang S, Chang M, Zhang C, Ge Y. The roles of bacteria in resource recovery, wastewater treatment and carbon fixation by microalgae-bacteria consortia: A critical review. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Varjani S, Lam SS, Allakhverdiev SI, Chang JS. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment - Microalgae-bacteria consortia, multi-omics approaches and algal stress response. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157110. [PMID: 35787906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable environmental management is one of the important aspects of sustainable development goals. Increasing amounts of wastewaters (WW) from exponential economic growth is a major challenge, and conventional treatment methods entail a huge carbon footprint in terms of energy use and GHG emissions. Microalgae-based WW treatment is a potential candidate for sustainable WW treatment. The nutrients which are otherwise unutilized in the conventional processes are recovered in the beneficial microalgal biomass. This review presents comprehensive information regarding the potential of microalgae as sustainable bioremediation agents. Microalgae-bacterial consortia play a critical role in synergistic nutrient removal, supported by the complex nutritional and metabolite exchange between microalgae and the associated bacteria. Design of effective microalgae-bacteria consortia either by screening or by recent technologies such as synthetic biology approaches are highly required for efficient WW treatment. Furthermore, this review discusses the crucial research gap in microalgal WW treatment - the application of a multi-omics platform for understanding microalgal response towards WW conditions and the design of effective microalgal or microalgae-bacteria consortia based on genetic information. While metagenomics helps in the identification and monitoring of the microbial community throughout the treatment process, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics aid in studying the algal cellular response towards the nutrients and pollutants in WW. It has been established that the integration of microalgal processes into conventional WW treatment systems is feasible. In this direction, future research directions for microalgal WW treatment emphasize the need for identifying the niche in WW treatment, while highlighting the pilot sale plants in existence. Microalgae-based WW treatment could be a potential phase in the waste hierarchy of circular economy and sustainability, considering WWs are a rich secondary source of finite resources such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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Co-culturing of microalgae and bacteria in real wastewaters alters indigenous bacterial communities enhancing effluent bioremediation. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kant Bhatia S, Ahuja V, Chandel N, Mehariya S, Kumar P, Vinayak V, Saratale GD, Raj T, Kim SH, Yang YH. An overview on microalgal-bacterial granular consortia for resource recovery and wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127028. [PMID: 35318147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive generation of wastewater is a matter of concern around the globe. Wastewater treatment utilizing a microalgae-mediated process is considered an eco-friendly and sustainable method of wastewater treatment. However, low biomass productivity, costly harvesting process, and energy extensive cultivation process are the major bottleneck. The use of the microalgal-bacteria granular consortia (MBGC) process is economic and requires less energy. For efficient utilization of MBGC, knowledge of its structure, composition and interaction are important. Various microscopic, molecular and metabolomics techniques play a significant role in understating consortia structure and interaction between partners. Microalgal-bacteria granular consortia structure is affected by various cultivation parameters like pH, temperature, light intensity, salinity, and the presence of other pollutants in wastewater. In this article, a critical evaluation of recent literature was carried out to develop an understanding related to interaction behavior that can help to engineer consortia having efficient nutrient removal capacity with reduced energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishal Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Neha Chandel
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, Haryana, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tirath Raj
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Perera IA, Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Impact of Nitrate and Ammonium Concentrations on Co-Culturing of Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 with Variovorax paradoxus IS1 as Revealed by Phenotypic Responses. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:951-959. [PMID: 34363515 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutual interactions in co-cultures of microalgae and bacteria are well known for establishing consortia and nutrient uptake in aquatic habitats, but the phenotypic changes in terms of morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes that drive these interactions have not been clearly understood. In this novel study, we demonstrated the phenotypic response in a co-culture involving a microalga, Tetradesmus obliquus IS2, and a bacterium, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, grown with varying concentrations of two inorganic nitrogen sources. Modified Bold's basal medium was supplemented with five ratios (%) of NO3-N:NH4-N (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100), and by maintaining N:P Redfield ratio of 16:1. The observed morphological changes in microalga included an increase in granularity and a broad range of cell sizes under the influence of increased ammonium levels. Co-culturing in presence of NO3-N alone or combination with NH4-N up to equimolar concentrations resulted in complete nitrogen uptake, increased growth in both the microbial strains, and enhanced accumulation of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Total chlorophyll content in microalga was also significantly higher when it was grown as a co-culture with NO3-N and NH4-N up to a ratio of 50:50. Significant upregulation in the synthesis of amino acids and sugars and downregulation of organic acids were evident with higher ammonium uptake in the co-culture, indicating the regulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation pathways and energy synthesis. Our data suggest that the co-culture of strains IS1 and IS2 could be exploited for effluent treatment by considering the concentrations of inorganic sources, particularly ammonium, in the wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiri Adhiwarie Perera
- Global Centre for, Environmental Remediation (GCER), School of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for, Environmental Remediation (GCER), School of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for, Environmental Remediation (GCER), School of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for, Environmental Remediation (GCER), School of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for, Environmental Remediation (GCER), School of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, NSW, 2308, Callaghan, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Perera IA, Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Cole N, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Extracellular Polymeric Substances Drive Symbiotic Interactions in Bacterial‒Microalgal Consortia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:596-607. [PMID: 34132846 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of several factors that drive the symbiotic interactions between bacteria and microalgae in consortia has been well realised. However, the implication of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) released by the partners remains unclear. Therefore, the present study focused on the influence of EPS in developing consortia of a bacterium, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, with a microalga, Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 or Coelastrella sp. IS3, all isolated from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The bacterium increased the specific growth rates of microalgal species significantly in the consortia by enhancing the uptake of nitrate (88‒99%) and phosphate (92‒95%) besides accumulating higher amounts of carbohydrates and proteins. The EPS obtained from exudates, collected from the bacterial or microalgal cultures, contained numerous phytohormones, vitamins, polysaccharides and amino acids that are likely involved in interspecies interactions. The addition of EPS obtained from V. paradoxus IS1 to the culture medium doubled the growth of both the microalgal strains. The EPS collected from T. obliquus IS2 significantly increased the growth of V. paradoxus IS1, but there was no apparent change in bacterial growth when it was cultured in the presence of EPS from Coelastrella sp. IS3. These observations indicate that the interaction between V. paradoxus IS1 and T. obliquus IS2 was mutualism, while commensalism was the interaction between the bacterial strain and Coelastrella sp. IS3. Our present findings thus, for the first time, unveil the EPS-induced symbiotic interactions among the partners involved in bacterial‒microalgal consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiri Adhiwarie Perera
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Nicole Cole
- Analytical and Biomolecular Research Facility (ABRF), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Abinandan S, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Phenotypic changes in microalgae at acidic pH mediate their tolerance to higher concentrations of transition metals. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 2:100081. [PMID: 35028626 PMCID: PMC8714768 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-tolerant microalgae were grown at pH 3.5 and 6.7 in presence of heavy metals (HMs). HMs-induced phenotypic changes in microalgae were evaluated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Higher HMs bioavailability affected microalgae more at pH 6.7 than pH 3.5. Acclimation of microalgal strains to acidic pH significantly alleviates HMs toxicity.
Acclimatory phenotypic response is a common phenomenon in microalgae, particularly during heavy metal stress. It is not clear so far whether acclimating to one abiotic stressor can alleviate the stress imposed by another abiotic factor. The intent of the present study was to demonstrate the implication of acidic pH in effecting phenotypic changes that facilitate microalgal tolerance to biologically excess concentrations of heavy metals. Two microalgal strains, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, were exposed to biologically excess concentrations of Cu (0.50 and 1.0 mg L‒1), Fe (5 and 10 mg L‒1), Mn (5 and 10 mg L‒1) and Zn (2, 5 and 10 mg L‒1) supplemented to the culture medium at pH 3.5 and 6.7. Chlorophyll autofluorescence and biochemical fingerprinting using FTIR-spectroscopy were used to assess the microalgal strains for phenotypic changes that mediate tolerance to metals. Both the strains responded to acidic pH by effecting differential changes in biochemicals such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Both the microalgal strains, when acclimated to low pH of 3.5, exhibited an increase in protein (< 2-fold) and lipid (> 1.5-fold). Strain MAS1 grown at pH 3.5 showed a reduction (1.5-fold) in carbohydrates while strain MAS3 exhibited a 17-fold increase in carbohydrates as compared to their growth at pH 6.7. However, lower levels of biologically excess concentrations of the selected transition metals at pH 6.7 unveiled positive or no effect on physiology and biochemistry in microalgal strains, whereas growth with higher metal concentrations at this pH resulted in decreased chlorophyll content. Although the bioavailability of free-metal ions is higher at pH 3.5, as revealed by Visual MINTEQ model, no adverse effect was observed on chlorophyll content in cells grown at pH 3.5 than at pH 6.7. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn significantly upregulated the carbohydrate metabolism, but not protein and lipid synthesis, in both strains at pH 3.5 as compared to their growth at pH 6.7. Overall, the impact of pH 3.5 on growth response suggested that acclimation of microalgal strains to acidic pH alleviates metal toxicity by triggering physiological and biochemical changes in microalgae for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6585976. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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