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Jain A, Meshram RJ, Lohiya S, Patel A, Kaplish D. Exploring the Microbial Landscape of Neonatal Skin Flora: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52972. [PMID: 38406113 PMCID: PMC10894447 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the intricate landscape of the neonatal skin microbiome, shedding light on its dynamic composition, developmental nuances, and influential factors. The neonatal period represents a critical window during which microbial colonization significantly impacts local skin health and the foundational development of the immune system. Factors such as mode of delivery and gestational age underscore the vulnerability of neonates to disruptions in microbial establishment. Key findings emphasize the broader systemic implications of the neonatal skin microbiome, extending beyond immediate health outcomes to influence susceptibility to infections, allergies, and immune-related disorders. This review advocates for a paradigm shift in neonatal care, proposing strategies to preserve and promote a healthy skin microbiome for long-term health benefits. The implications of this research extend to public health, where interventions targeting the neonatal skin microbiome could potentially mitigate diseases originating in early life. As we navigate the intersection of research and practical applications, bridging the gap between knowledge and implementation becomes imperative for translating these findings into evidence-based practices and improving neonatal well-being on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Jain
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Revat J Meshram
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sham Lohiya
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ankita Patel
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Divyanshi Kaplish
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Ohore OE, Wang Y, Wei Y, Sanganyado E, Shafiq M, Jiao X, Nwankwegu AS, Liu W, Wang Z. Ecological mechanisms of sedimental microbial biodiversity shift and the role of antimicrobial resistance genes in modulating microbial turnover. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116547. [PMID: 36419283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of phylogenetic turnover of microbial communities to environmental perturbations in sediments remain unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of phylogenetic turnover, and impact of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on the modification of microbial assemblages were unravelled. We investigated 306 ARGs, 8 transposases, and 4 integron integrases, bacteria, and eukaryotic diversity through high-throughput quantitative PCR and illumina sequencing, 21 antibiotics and 3 tetracycline byproducts. The freshwater and estuary ecosystems were mainly dominated by genus Sulfurovum and colonised by closely related species compared with the estuary (closeness centrality = 0.42 vs. 0.46), which was dominated by genus Mycobacterium. Eighty-six percent of the ecological process in the bacterial community was driven by stochastic processes, while the rest was driven by deterministic processes. Environmental-related concentrations of antibiotics (0.15-32.53 ng/g) stimulated the proliferation of ARGs which potentially modulated the microbial community assembly. ARG acquisition significantly (P < 0.001) increased eukaryotic diversity through protection mechanisms. ARGs showed complex interrelationships with the microbial communities, and phylum arthropods and Nematea demonstrated the strongest ARG acquisition potential. This study provides key insights for environmental policymakers into understanding the ecological impact of antibiotics and the role of ARGs in modulating the phylogenetic turnover of microbial communities and trophic transfer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okugbe Ebiotubo Ohore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yunjie Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Amechi S Nwankwegu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Protection, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Virta L, Teittinen A. Threshold effects of climate change on benthic diatom communities: Evaluating impacts of salinity and wind disturbance on functional traits and benthic biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154130. [PMID: 35219662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The responses of biotic communities and ecosystems to climate change may be abrupt and non-linear. Thus, resolving ecological threshold mechanisms is crucial for understanding the consequences of climate change and for improving environmental management. Here, we present a study on the threshold responses of benthic diatom communities that are an important component of all aquatic environments and strongly contribute to global primary production. We reach beyond the taxonomic perspective by focusing on the diversity and functions of diatom communities and benthic biomass along gradients of salinity and wind disturbance, whose climate-change-induced changes have been predicted to strongly affect biotic communities in the marine and brackish systems in the future. To improve the generality of our results, we examine three self-collected datasets from different spatial scales (6-830 km) and ecosystem types. We collected samples from rock pools or from littoral stones and studied taxonomic thresholds using Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN2). We investigated threshold responses of community diversity, community functions, and benthic biomass using t-tests and regression analyses. Our results indicated that decreasing salinity may result in increasing diversity but decreasing biomass of brackish communities, while the effects of increasing wind disturbance were contradictory among spatial scales. Benthic biomass correlated with the taxonomic and functional diversity, as well as with the body size distribution of communities, highlighting the importance of considering community functions and organismal size when predicting ecosystem functions. The most pronounced effects of decreasing salinity and increasing wind disturbance on community functions were changes in the abundance of low-profile diatom species, which, due to the high resilience of low-profile diatoms, may lead to changes in ecosystem functioning and resilience. To conclude, decreasing salinity and increasing wind disturbance may lead to threshold responses of biotic communities, and these changes may have profound effects on ecosystem functioning along marine coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Virta
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palméns väg 260, FI-10900 Hangö, Finland.
| | - Anette Teittinen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, PO Box 64, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Omidi A, Pflugmacher S, Kaplan A, Kim YJ, Esterhuizen M. Reviewing Interspecies Interactions as a Driving Force Affecting the Community Structure in Lakes via Cyanotoxins. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1583. [PMID: 34442662 PMCID: PMC8401979 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalating occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms worldwide is a matter of concern. Global warming and eutrophication play a major role in the regularity of cyanobacterial blooms, which has noticeably shifted towards the predomination of toxic populations. Therefore, understanding the effects of cyanobacterial toxins in aquatic ecosystems and their advantages to the producers are of growing interest. In this paper, the current literature is critically reviewed to provide further insights into the ecological contribution of cyanotoxins in the variation of the lake community diversity and structure through interspecies interplay. The most commonly detected and studied cyanobacterial toxins, namely the microcystins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, and their ecotoxicity on various trophic levels are discussed. This work addresses the environmental characterization of pure toxins, toxin-containing crude extracts and filtrates of single and mixed cultures in interspecies interactions by inducing different physiological and metabolic responses. More data on these interactions under natural conditions and laboratory-based studies using direct co-cultivation approaches will provide more substantial information on the consequences of cyanotoxins in the natural ecosystem. This review is beneficial for understanding cyanotoxin-mediated interspecies interactions, developing bloom mitigation technologies and robustly assessing the hazards posed by toxin-producing cyanobacteria to humans and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Omidi
- Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Wallace Bldg., 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Campus 7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen
- Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Campus 7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
- Finland and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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