1
|
Morin S, Atkinson PW, Walling LL. Whitefly-Plant Interactions: An Integrated Molecular Perspective. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:503-525. [PMID: 37816261 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-093940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advances in available transcriptomic and genomic data and our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of whitefly-plant interactions have allowed us to gain new and significant insights into the biology of whiteflies and their successful adaptation to host plants. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms that whiteflies have evolved to overcome the challenges of feeding on phloem sap. We also highlight the evolution and functions of gene families involved in host perception, evaluation, and manipulation; primary metabolism; and metabolite detoxification. We discuss the emerging themes in plant immunity to whiteflies, focusing on whitefly effectors and their sites of action in plant defense-signaling pathways. We conclude with a discussion of advances in the genetic manipulation of whiteflies and the potential that they hold for exploring the interactions between whiteflies and their host plants, as well as the development of novel strategies for the genetic control of whiteflies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Morin
- Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel;
| | - Peter W Atkinson
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
| | - Linda L Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berihu M, Somera TS, Malik A, Medina S, Piombo E, Tal O, Cohen M, Ginatt A, Ofek-Lalzar M, Doron-Faigenboim A, Mazzola M, Freilich S. A framework for the targeted recruitment of crop-beneficial soil taxa based on network analysis of metagenomics data. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:8. [PMID: 36635724 PMCID: PMC9835355 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The design of ecologically sustainable and plant-beneficial soil systems is a key goal in actively manipulating root-associated microbiomes. Community engineering efforts commonly seek to harness the potential of the indigenous microbiome through substrate-mediated recruitment of beneficial members. In most sustainable practices, microbial recruitment mechanisms rely on the application of complex organic mixtures where the resources/metabolites that act as direct stimulants of beneficial groups are not characterized. Outcomes of such indirect amendments are unpredictable regarding engineering the microbiome and achieving a plant-beneficial environment. RESULTS This study applied network analysis of metagenomics data to explore amendment-derived transformations in the soil microbiome, which lead to the suppression of pathogens affecting apple root systems. Shotgun metagenomic analysis was conducted with data from 'sick' vs 'healthy/recovered' rhizosphere soil microbiomes. The data was then converted into community-level metabolic networks. Simulations examined the functional contribution of treatment-associated taxonomic groups and linked them with specific amendment-induced metabolites. This analysis enabled the selection of specific metabolites that were predicted to amplify or diminish the abundance of targeted microbes functional in the healthy soil system. Many of these predictions were corroborated by experimental evidence from the literature. The potential of two of these metabolites (dopamine and vitamin B12) to either stimulate or suppress targeted microbial groups was evaluated in a follow-up set of soil microcosm experiments. The results corroborated the stimulant's potential (but not the suppressor) to act as a modulator of plant beneficial bacteria, paving the way for future development of knowledge-based (rather than trial and error) metabolic-defined amendments. Our pipeline for generating predictions for the selective targeting of microbial groups based on processing assembled and annotated metagenomics data is available at https://github.com/ot483/NetCom2 . CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates how genomic-based algorithms can be used to formulate testable hypotheses for strategically engineering the rhizosphere microbiome by identifying specific compounds, which may act as selective modulators of microbial communities. Applying this framework to reduce unpredictable elements in amendment-based solutions promotes the development of ecologically-sound methods for re-establishing a functional microbiome in agro and other ecosystems. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Berihu
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Tracey S. Somera
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
| | | | - Shlomit Medina
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Edoardo Piombo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ofir Tal
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory (KLL) Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), P.O. Box 447, 49500 Migdal, Israel
| | - Matan Cohen
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Alon Ginatt
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | | | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Mark Mazzola
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600 South Africa
| | - Shiri Freilich
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion/Ramat Yishay, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moriyama M, Fukatsu T. Host’s demand for essential amino acids is compensated by an extracellular bacterial symbiont in a hemipteran insect model. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1028409. [PMID: 36246139 PMCID: PMC9561257 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1028409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant sap is a nutritionally unbalanced diet that constitutes a challenge for insects that feed exclusively on it. Sap-sucking hemipteran insects generally overcome this challenge by harboring beneficial microorganisms in their specialized symbiotic organ, either intracellularly or extracellularly. Genomic information of these bacterial symbionts suggests that their primary role is to supply essential amino acids, but empirical evidence has been virtually limited to the intracellular symbiosis between aphids and Buchnera. Here we investigated the amino acid complementation by the extracellular symbiotic bacterium Ishikawaella harbored in the midgut symbiotic organ of the stinkbug Megacopta punctatissima. We evaluated amino acid compositions of the phloem sap of plants on which the insect feeds, as well as those of its hemolymph, whole body hydrolysate, and excreta. The results highlighted that the essential amino acids in the diet are apparently insufficient for the stinkbug development. Experimental symbiont removal caused severe shortfalls of some essential amino acids, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. In vitro culturing of the isolated symbiotic organ demonstrated that hemolymph-circulating metabolites, glutamine and trehalose, efficiently fuel the production of essential amino acids. Branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids are the ones preferentially synthesized despite the symbiont’s synthetic capability of all essential amino acids. These results indicate that the symbiont-mediated amino acid compensation is quantitatively optimized in the stinkbug-Ishikawaella gut symbiotic association as in the aphid-Buchnera intracellular symbiotic association. The convergence of symbiont functions across distinct nutritional symbiotic systems provides insight into how host-symbiont interactions have been shaped over evolutionary time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Moriyama
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Minoru Moriyama, ; Takema Fukatsu,
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Minoru Moriyama, ; Takema Fukatsu,
| |
Collapse
|