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Vogt-Schilb H, Těšitelová T, Kotilínek M, Sucháček P, Kohout P, Jersáková J. Altered rhizoctonia assemblages in grasslands on ex-arable land support germination of mycorrhizal generalist, not specialist orchids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1200-1212. [PMID: 32285948 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Species-rich seminatural grasslands in Central Europe have suffered a dramatic loss of biodiversity due to conversion to arable land, but vast areas are being restored. Population recovery of orchids, which depend on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, is however limited. We hypothesised that ploughing and fertilisation caused shifts in orchid mycorrhizal communities in soil and restricted orchid germination. We examined edaphic conditions in 60 restored and seminatural grasslands, and germination success in 10 restored grasslands. Using a newly designed primer, we screened the composition of rhizoctonias in soil, seedlings and roots of seven orchid species. Seminatural and restored grasslands differed significantly in nutrient amounts and rhizoctonia assemblages in soil. While Serendipitaceae prevailed in seminatural grasslands with a higher organic matter content, Ceratobasidiaceae were more frequent in phosphorus-rich restored grasslands with increased abundance on younger restored sites. Tulasnellaceae displayed no preference. Germination success in restored grasslands differed significantly between orchid species; two mycorrhizal generalist species germinated with a broad range of rhizoctonias at most restored grasslands, while germination success of specialists was low. Past agricultural practices have a long-lasting effect on soil conditions and orchid mycorrhizal communities. Altered mycorrhizal availability may be the main reason for low germination success of specialist orchid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vogt-Schilb
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamara Těšitelová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Sucháček
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jersáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Venneman J, De Tender C, Debode J, Audenaert K, Baert G, Vermeir P, Cremelie P, Bekaert B, Landschoot S, Thienpondt B, Djailo BD, Vereecke D, Haesaert G. Sebacinoids within rhizospheric fungal communities associated with subsistence farming in the Congo Basin: a needle in each haystack. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5524361. [PMID: 31247636 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique ecosystem of the Congolese rainforest has only scarcely been explored for its plant-fungal interactions. Here, we characterized the root fungal communities of field-grown maize and of Panicum from adjacent borders in the Congo Basin and assessed parameters that could shape them. The soil properties indicated that comparable poor soil conditions prevailed in fields and borders, illustrating the low input character of local subsistence farming. The rhizosphere fungal communities, dominated by ascomycetous members, were structured by plant species, slash-and-burn practices and soil P, pH and C/N ratio. Examining fungi with potential plant growth-promoting abilities, the glomeromycotan communities appeared to be affected by the same parameters, whereas the inconspicuous symbionts of the order Sebacinales seemed less susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic factors. Notwithstanding the low abundances at which they were detected, sebacinoids occurred in 87% of the field samples, implying that they represent a consistent taxon within indigenous fungal populations across smallholder farm sites. Pending further insight into their ecosystem functionality, these data suggest that Sebacinales are robust root inhabitants that might be relevant for on-farm inoculum development within sustainable soil fertility management in the Sub-Saharan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Venneman
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Baert
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cremelie
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Boris Bekaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Thienpondt
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoît Dhed'a Djailo
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Kisangani University, B.P. 2012, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Yokoya K, Postel S, Fang R, Sarasan V. Endophytic fungal diversity of Fragaria vesca, a crop wild relative of strawberry, along environmental gradients within a small geographical area. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2860. [PMID: 28168102 PMCID: PMC5289447 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal endophytes are highly diverse ubiquitous asymptomatic microorganisms, some of which appear to be symbiotic. Depending on abiotic conditions and genotype of the plant, the diversity of endophytes may confer fitness benefits to plant communities. METHODS We studied a crop wild relative (CWR) of strawberry, along environmental gradients with a view to understand the cultivable root-derived endophytic fungi that can be evaluated for promoting growth and tolerating stress in selected plant groups. The main objectives were to understand whether: (a) suboptimal soil types are drivers for fungal distribution and diversity; (b) high pH and poor nutrient availability lead to fungal-plant associations that help deliver fitness benefits; and (c) novel fungi can be identified for their use in improving plant growth, and alleviate stress in diverse crops. RESULTS The study revealed that habitats with high pH and low nutrient availability have higher fungal diversity, with more rare fungi isolated from locations with chalky soil. Plants from location G were the healthiest even though soil from this location was the poorest in nutrients. Study of environmental gradients, especially extreme habitat types, may help understand the root zone fungal diversity of different functional classes. Two small in vitro pilot studies conducted with two isolates showed that endophytic fungi from suboptimal habitats can promote plant growth and fitness benefits in selected plant groups. DISCUSSION Targeting native plants and crop wild relatives for research offers opportunities to unearth diverse functional groups of root-derived endophytic fungi that are beneficial for crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutomo Yokoya
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew , Richmond , Surrey , United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Postel
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew , Richmond , Surrey , United Kingdom
| | - Rui Fang
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew , Richmond , Surrey , United Kingdom
| | - Viswambharan Sarasan
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew , Richmond , Surrey , United Kingdom
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