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Weeraphan T, Somphong A, Poengsungnoen V, Buaruang K, Harunari E, Igarashi Y, Tanasupawat S, Phongsopitanun W. Bacterial microbiome in tropical lichens and the effect of the isolation method on culturable lichen-derived actinobacteria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5483. [PMID: 37016075 PMCID: PMC10073151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten samples of tropical lichens collected from Doi Inthanon, Thailand, were explored for the diversity of their bacterial microbiomes through 16S rRNA-based metagenomics analysis. The five predominant lichen-associated bacteria belonged to the phyla Proteobacteria (31.84%), Planctomycetota (17.08%), Actinobacteriota (15.37%), Verrucomicrobiota (12.17%), and Acidobacteriota (7.87%). The diversity analysis metric showed that Heterodermia contained the highest bacterial species richness. Within the lichens, Ramalina conduplicans and Cladonia rappii showed a distinct bacterial community from the other lichen species. The community of lichen-associated actinobacteria was investigated as a potential source of synthesized biologically active compounds. From the total Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) found across the ten different lichen samples, 13.21% were identified as actinobacteria, including the rare actinobacterial genera that are not commonly found, such as Pseudonocardia, Kineosporia, Dactylosporangium, Amycolatopsis, Actinoplanes, and Streptosporangium. Evaluation of the pretreatment method (heat, air-drying, phenol, and flooding) and isolation media used for the culture-dependent actinobacterial isolation revealed that the different pretreatments combined with different isolation media were effective in obtaining several species of actinobacteria. However, metagenomics analyses revealed that there were still several strains, including rare actinobacterial species, that were not isolated. This research strongly suggests that lichens appear to be a promising source for obtaining actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinset Weeraphan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Achiraya Somphong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vasun Poengsungnoen
- Lichen Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kawinnat Buaruang
- Lichen Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Enjuro Harunari
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wongsakorn Phongsopitanun
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit (RP2), Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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He Z, Naganuma T. Chronicle of Research into Lichen-Associated Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2111. [PMID: 36363703 PMCID: PMC9698887 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lichens are mutually symbiotic systems consisting of fungal and algal symbionts. While diverse lichen-forming fungal species are known, limited species of algae form lichens. Plasticity in the combination of fungal and algal species with different eco-physiological properties may contribute to the worldwide distribution of lichens, even in extreme habitats. Lichens have been studied systematically for more than 200 years; however, plasticity in fungal-algal/cyanobacterial symbiotic combinations is still unclear. In addition, the association between non-cyanobacterial bacteria and lichens has attracted attention in recent years. The types, diversity, and functions of lichen-associated bacteria have been studied using both culture-based and culture-independent methods. This review summarizes the history of systematic research on lichens and lichen-associated bacteria and provides insights into the current status of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Naganuma
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Vijayakumar VR, Saravanan K, Somasundaram M, Jayaraj R, Annamalai P, Nooruddin T, Dharumadurai D. Metagenomic analysis of lichen-associated bacterial community profiling in Roccella montagnei. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Exploration of social spreading reveals behavior is prevalent among Pedobacter and P. fluorescens isolates, and shows variations in induction of phenotype. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0134421. [PMID: 34288708 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01344-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Within soil, bacteria are found in multi-species communities, where interactions can lead to emergent community properties. Studying bacteria in a social context is critical for investigation of community-level functions. We previously showed that co-cultured Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 and Pedobacter sp. V48 engage in interspecies social spreading (ISS) on a hard agar surface, a behavior which required close contact and depended on the nutritional environment. Here, we investigate whether social spreading is widespread among P. fluorescens and Pedobacter isolates, and whether the requirements for interaction vary. We find that this phenotype is not restricted to the interaction between P. fluorescens Pf0-1 and Pedobacter sp. V48, but is a prevalent behavior found in one clade in the P. fluorescens group and two clades in the Pedobacter genus. We show that the interaction with certain Pedobacter isolates occurred without close contact, indicating induction of spreading by a putative diffusible signal. As with ISS by Pf0-1+V48, motility of interacting pairs is influenced by the environment, with no spreading behaviors (or induction of motility) observed under high nutrient conditions. While Pf0-1+V48 require low nutrient but high NaCl conditions, in the broader range of interacting pairs the high salt influence was variable. The prevalence of motility phenotypes observed here and found within the literature indicates that community-induced locomotion in general, and social spreading in particular, is likely important within the environment. It is crucial that we continue to study microbial interactions and their emergent properties to gain a fuller understanding of the functions of microbial communities. Importance Interspecies social spreading (ISS) is an emergent behavior observed when P. fluorescens Pf0-1 and Pedobacter sp. V48 interact, during which both species move together across a surface. Importantly, this environment does not permit movement of either individual species. This group behavior suggests that communities of microbes can function in ways not predictable by knowledge of the individual members. Here we have asked whether ISS is widespread and thus potentially of importance in soil microbial communities. The significance of this research is the demonstration that surface spreading behaviors are not unique to the Pf0-1-V48 interaction, but rather is a more widespread phenomenon observed among members of distinct clades of both P. fluorescens and Pedobacter isolates. Further, we identify differences in mechanism of signaling and nutritional requirements for ISS. Emergent traits resulting from bacterial interactions are widespread and their characterization is necessary for a complete understanding of microbial community function.
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Markande AR, Patel D, Varjani S. A review on biosurfactants: properties, applications and current developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124963. [PMID: 33744735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial surfactants are a large number of amphipathic biomolecules with a myriad of biomolecule constituents from various microbial sources that have been studied for their surface tension reduction activities. With unique properties, their applications have been increased in different areas including environment, medicine, healthcare, agriculture and industries. The present review aims to study the biochemistry and biosynthesis of biosurfactants exhibiting varying biomolecular structures which are produced by different microbial sources. It also provides details on roles played by biosurfactants in nature as well as their potential applications in various sectors. Basic biomolecule content of all the biosurfactants studied showed presence of carbohydrates, aminoacids, lipids and fattyacids. The data presented here would help in designing, synthesis and application of tailor-made novel biosurfactants. This would pave a way for perspectives of research on biosurfactants to overcome the existing bottlenecks in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop R Markande
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa - 388 421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Divya Patel
- Multi-disciplinary Research Unit, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research, Surat 395010, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India.
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Antarctic lichens as a source of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Extremophiles 2021; 25:181-191. [PMID: 33635427 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In association with lichens, bacteria can play key roles in solubilizing sources of inorganic phosphates that are available in the environment. In this study, the potential of bacteria isolated from 15 Antarctic lichen samples for phosphate solubilization was investigated. From 124 bacteria tested, 66 (53%) were positive for phosphate solubilization in solid NBRIP medium, with a higher prevalence of Pseudomonas, followed by Caballeronia and Chryseobacterium. Most of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from Usnea auratiacoatra, followed by Caloplaca regalis and Xanthoria candelaria. Two isolates showed outstanding performance, Pseudomonas sp. 11.LB15 and Pseudomonas sp. 1.LB34, since they presented solubilization in the temperature range from 15.0 to 30.0 °C, and maximum quantification of soluble phosphate at 25.0 °C was 511.21 and 532.07 mg/L for Pseudomonas sp. 11.LB15 and Pseudomonas sp. 1.LB34, respectively. At 30.0 °C soluble phosphate yield was 639.43 and 518.95 mg/L with pH of 3.74 and 3.87 for Pseudomonas sp. 11.LB15 and Pseudomonas sp. 1.LB34, respectively. Fumaric and tartaric acids were released during the solubilization process. Finally, bacteria isolated from Antarctic lichens were shown to have the potential for phosphate solubilization, opening perspectives for future application in the agricultural sector and contributing to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
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Rizzo C, Lo Giudice A. The Variety and Inscrutability of Polar Environments as a Resource of Biotechnologically Relevant Molecules. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091422. [PMID: 32947905 PMCID: PMC7564310 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of an ever-increasing number of methodological approaches and tools is positively contributing to the development and yield of bioprospecting procedures. In this context, cold-adapted bacteria from polar environments are becoming more and more intriguing as valuable sources of novel biomolecules, with peculiar properties to be exploited in a number of biotechnological fields. This review aims at highlighting the biotechnological potentialities of bacteria from Arctic and Antarctic habitats, both biotic and abiotic. In addition to cold-enzymes, which have been intensively analysed, relevance is given to recent advances in the search for less investigated biomolecules, such as biosurfactants, exopolysaccharides and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy;
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Spribille T, Tagirdzhanova G, Goyette S, Tuovinen V, Case R, Zandberg WF. 3D biofilms: in search of the polysaccharides holding together lichen symbioses. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5731805. [PMID: 32037451 PMCID: PMC7164778 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable, long-term interactions between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, collectively known as lichens, have repeatedly evolved complex architectures with little resemblance to their component parts. Lacking any central scaffold, the shapes they assume are casts of secreted polymers that cement cells into place, determine the angle of phototropic exposure and regulate water relations. A growing body of evidence suggests that many lichen extracellular polymer matrices harbor unicellular, non-photosynthesizing organisms (UNPOs) not traditionally recognized as lichen symbionts. Understanding organismal input and uptake in this layer is key to interpreting the role UNPOs play in lichen biology. Here, we review both polysaccharide composition determined from whole, pulverized lichens and UNPOs reported from lichens to date. Most reported polysaccharides are thought to be structural cell wall components. The composition of the extracellular matrix is not definitively known. Several lines of evidence suggest some acidic polysaccharides have evaded detection in routine analysis of neutral sugars and may be involved in the extracellular matrix. UNPOs reported from lichens include diverse bacteria and yeasts for which secreted polysaccharides play important biological roles. We conclude by proposing testable hypotheses on the role that symbiont give-and-take in this layer could play in determining or modifying lichen symbiotic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Spribille
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Gulnara Tagirdzhanova
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Spencer Goyette
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Veera Tuovinen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Case
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3427 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Sierra MA, Danko DC, Sandoval TA, Pishchany G, Moncada B, Kolter R, Mason CE, Zambrano MM. The Microbiomes of Seven Lichen Genera Reveal Host Specificity, a Reduced Core Community and Potential as Source of Antimicrobials. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:398. [PMID: 32265864 PMCID: PMC7105886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The High Andean Paramo ecosystem is a unique neotropical mountain biome considered a diversity and evolutionary hotspot. Lichens, which are complex symbiotic structures that contain diverse commensal microbial communities, are prevalent in Paramos. There they play vital roles in soil formation and mineral fixation. In this study we analyzed the microbiomes of seven lichen genera in Colombian Paramos using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and provide the first description of the bacterial communities associated with Cora and Hypotrachyna lichens. Paramo lichen microbiomes varied in diversity indexes and number of OTUs, but were composed predominantly by the phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. In the case of Cora and Cladonia, the microbiomes were distinguished based on the identity of the lichen host. While the majority of the lichen-associated microorganisms were not present in all lichens sampled, sixteen taxa shared among this diverse group of lichens suggest a core lichen microbiome that broadens our concept of these symbiotic structures. Additionally, we identified strains producing compounds active against clinically relevant microbial strains. These results indicate that lichen microbiomes from the Paramo ecosystem are diverse and host-specific but share a taxonomic core and can be a source of new bacterial taxa and antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Sierra
- Molecular Genetics, Corporación CorpoGen – Research Center, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - David C. Danko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tito A. Sandoval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gleb Pishchany
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bibiana Moncada
- Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roberto Kolter
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Bacteria from the endosphere and rhizosphere of Quercus spp. use mainly cell wall-associated enzymes to decompose organic matter. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214422. [PMID: 30908541 PMCID: PMC6433265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the ability of soil bacteria to solubilize minerals, fix N2 and mobilize nutrients entrapped in the organic matter, their role in nutrient turnover and plant fitness is of high relevance in forest ecosystems. Although several authors have already studied the organic matter decomposing enzymes produced by soil and plant root-interacting bacteria, most of the works did not account for the activity of cell wall-attached enzymes. Therefore, the enzyme deployment strategy of three bacterial collections (genera Luteibacter, Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter) associated with Quercus spp. roots was investigated by exploring both cell-bound and freely-released hydrolytic enzymes. We also studied the potential of these bacterial collections to produce enzymes involved in the transformation of plant and fungal biomass. Remarkably, the cell-associated enzymes accounted for the vast majority of the total activity detected among Luteibacter strains, suggesting that they could have developed a strategy to maintain the decomposition products in their vicinity, and therefore to reduce the diffusional losses of the products. The spectrum of the enzymes synthesized and the titres of activity were diverse among the three bacterial genera. While cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes were rather common among Luteibacter and Pseudomonas strains and less detected in Arthrobacter collection, the activity of lipase was widespread among all the tested strains. Our results indicate that a large fraction of the extracellular enzymatic activity is due to cell wall-attached enzymes for some bacteria, and that Quercus spp. root bacteria could contribute at different levels to carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) cycles.
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Cernava T, Aschenbrenner IA, Soh J, Sensen CW, Grube M, Berg G. Plasticity of a holobiont: desiccation induces fasting-like metabolism within the lichen microbiota. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:547-556. [PMID: 30310167 PMCID: PMC6331575 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of host-associated microbiota in enduring dehydration and drought is largely unknown. We have used lichens to study this increasingly important problem because they are the organisms that are optimally adapted to reoccurring hydration/dehydration cycles, and they host a defined and persistent bacterial community. The analysis of metatranscriptomic datasets from bacterial communities of the lung lichen (Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.), sampled under representative hydration stages, revealed significant structural shifts and functional specialization to host conditions. The hydrated samples showed upregulated transcription of transport systems, tRNA modification and various porins (Omp2b by Rhizobiales), whereas the desiccated samples showed different functions related to stress adaption prominently. Carbohydrate metabolism was activated under both conditions. Under dry conditions, upregulation of a specialized ketone metabolism indicated a switch to lipid-based nutrition. Several bacterial lineages were involved in a functional transition that was reminiscent of a 'fasting metaorganism'. Similar functional adaptions were assigned to taxonomically unrelated groups, indicating hydration-related specialization of the microbiota. We were able to show that host-associated bacterial communities are well adapted to dehydration by stress protection and changes of the metabolism. Moreover, our results indicate an intense interplay in holobiont functioning under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Aline Aschenbrenner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jung Soh
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph W Sensen
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Perfumo A, Banat IM, Marchant R. Going Green and Cold: Biosurfactants from Low-Temperature Environments to Biotechnology Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:277-289. [PMID: 29428461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of the Earth's biosphere is cold, at an average temperature of 5°C, and is populated by a diversity of microorganisms that are a precious source of molecules with high biotechnological potential. Biosurfactants from cold-adapted organisms can interact with multiple physical phases - water, ice, hydrophobic compounds, and gases - at low and freezing temperatures and be used in sustainable (green) and low-energy-impact (cold) products and processes. We review the biodiversity of microbial biosurfactants produced in cold habitats and provide a perspective on the most promising future applications in environmental and industrial technologies. Finally, we encourage exploring the cryosphere for novel types of biosurfactants via both culture screening and functional metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedea Perfumo
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section 5.3 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Roger Marchant
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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13
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Elster J, Margesin R, Wagner D, Häggblom M. Editorial: Polar and Alpine Microbiology—Earth's cryobiosphere. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw221. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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