1
|
Roager L, Kempen PJ, Bentzon-Tilia M, Sonnenschein EC, Gram L. Impact of host species on assembly, composition, and functional profiles of phycosphere microbiomes. mSystems 2024; 9:e0058324. [PMID: 39082797 PMCID: PMC11334532 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00583-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgal microbiomes play vital roles in the growth and health of their host, however, their composition and functions remain only partially characterized, especially across microalgal phyla. In this study, a natural seawater microbiome was introduced to three distinct, axenic species of microalgae, the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana, the chlorophyte Tetraselmis suecica, and the diatom Conticribra weissflogii (previously Thalassiosira), and its divergence and assembly under constant illumination was monitored over 49 days using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic analyses. The microbiomes had a high degree of host specificity in terms of taxonomic composition and potential functions, including CAZymes profiles. Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae families were abundant across all microalgal hosts, but I. galbana microbiomes diverged further from T. suecica and C. weissflogii microbiomes. I. galbana microbiomes had a much higher relative abundance of Flavobacteriaceae, whereas the two other algal microbiomes had higher relative abundances of Rhodobacteraceae. This could be due to the bacterivorous mixotrophic nature of I. galbana affecting the carbohydrate composition available to the microbiomes, which was supported by the CAZymes profile of I. galbana microbiomes diverging further from those of T. suecica and C. weissflogii microbiomes. Finally, the presence of denitrification and other anaerobic pathways was found exclusively in the microbiomes of C. weissflogii, which we speculate could be a result of anoxic microenvironments forming in aggregates formed by this diatom during the experiment. These results underline the significant role of the microalgal host species on microbiome composition and functional profiles along with other factors, such as the trophic mode of the microalgal host. IMPORTANCE As the main primary producers of the oceans, microalgae serve as cornerstones of the ecosystems they are part of. Additionally, they are increasingly used for biotechnological purposes such as the production of nutraceuticals, pigments, and antioxidants. Since the bacterial microbiomes of microalgae can affect their hosts in beneficial and detrimental ways, understanding these microbiomes is crucial to both the ecological and applied roles of microalgae. The present study advances the understanding of microalgal microbiome assembly, composition, and functionality across microalgal phyla, which may inform the modeling and engineering of microalgal microbiomes for biotechnological purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Roager
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul J. Kempen
- DTU Nanolab, National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eva C. Sonnenschein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng N, Hu W, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang Y, Bartlam M, Wang Y. Phycospheric bacteria limits the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus imbalance on diatom bloom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173477. [PMID: 38788949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have caused an imbalance in the input nitrogen and phosphorus (N/P) in the biosphere. The imbalance of N/P is one of the characteristics of water eutrophication, which is the fundamental factor responsible for the blooms. The effects of the N/P imbalance on diatom and phycospheric bacteria in blooms are poorly understood. In this study, the N/P molar ratio in real water (14:1) and the predicted N/P molar ratio in future water (65:1) were simulated to analyze the response of Cyclotella sp. and phycospheric bacteria to the N/P imbalance. The results showed that the N/P imbalance inhibited the growth of Cyclotella sp., but prolonged diatom bloom duration. The resistance of Cyclotella sp. to the N/P imbalance is related to phycospheric bacteria, and there are dynamic regulatory mechanisms within the phycospheric bacteria community to resist the N/P imbalance: (1) the increase of HNA bacterial density, the decrease of LNA bacterial density, (2) the increase of phycospheric bacterial diversity and eutrophic bacteria abundance, and the change of denitrifying bacteria abundance, (3) the activity of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism of HNA bacteria enhanced, while that of LNA bacteria decreased. And the gene hosts of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism were most enriched in Proteobacteria, indicating that Proteobacteria played an important role in maintaining the stability of phycospheric bacteria and was the dominant phylum resistant to the N/P imbalance. This study clarified that the algal-bacteria system was resistant to the N/P imbalance and implied that the N/P imbalance had little effect on the occurrence of diatom bloom events due to the presence of phycospheric bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zun Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mark Bartlam
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Tan Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Xia X. Light-dark fluctuated metabolic features of diazotrophic and non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria and their coexisting bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168702. [PMID: 37992836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in oceans, are tightly associated with diverse microbiota. However, the relationships between heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria, particularly the diazotrophic group, are not fully understood. Here, we compared diel gene expressions of N2 fixing cyanobacteria Crocosphaera watsonii WH0003 and non-diazotrophic Synechococcus sp. RS9902 and their associated bacteria using metatranscriptomics approach. WH0003 showed significant up-regulation of O2 restriction and oxidative phosphorylation related genes at nighttime due to large carbon and energy investments for active N2 fixation. In contrast, RS9902 had higher expression for those genes at daytime. The two cyanobacteria hosted distinct bacterial communities with clear separate substrate utilization niches to reduce competition. Light-dark partitioning of nutrient acquisition among the dominant bacterial groups likely contributed to the dynamic balance for community coexistence. Moreover, particle-attached (PA) bacteria in RS9902 largely expressed glycoside hydrolases to hydrolyze complex carbohydrate compounds, while free-living (FL) bacteria priorly assimilated soluble, diffusible molecules. Spatial partitioning of nutrient acquisition between PA and FL bacteria implied that location initially influenced metabolic features of host associated bacteria. Our results advance knowledge on light-dark regulated metabolic activities of diazotrophic and non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria, and provide new insights into the coexisting strategies of different bacterial groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Youping Zhou
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China..
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China..
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Zhang W, He T, Rong L, Yang Q. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments by a symbiotic system consisting of algae and bacteria: green and sustainable technology. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:10. [PMID: 38059992 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic, carcinogenic, and persistent in the environment and are therefore of great concern in the environmental protection field. Due to the inherent recalcitrance, persistence and nonreactivity of PAHs, they are difficult to remediate via traditional water treatment methods. In recent years, microbial remediation has been widely used as an economical and environmentally friendly degradation technology for the treatment of PAH-contaminated water. Various bacterial and microalgal strains are capable of potentially degrading or transforming PAHs through intrinsic metabolic pathways. However, their biodegradation potential is limited by the cytotoxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons, unfavourable environmental conditions, and biometabolic limitations. To address this limitation, microbial communities, biochemical pathways, enzyme systems, gene organization, and genetic regulation related to PAH degradation have been intensively investigated. The advantages of algal-bacterial cocultivation have been explored, and the limitations of PAHs degradation by monocultures of algae or bacteria have been overcome by algal-bacterial interactions. Therefore, a new model consisting of a "microalgal-bacterial consortium" is becoming a new management strategy for the effective degradation and removal of PAHs. This review first describes PAH pollution control technologies (physical remediation, chemical remediation, bioremediation, etc.) and proposes an algal-bacterial symbiotic system for the degradation of PAHs by analysing the advantages, disadvantages, and PAH degradation performance in this system to fill existing research gaps. Additionally, an algal-bacterial system is systematically developed, and the effects of environmental conditions are explored to optimize the degradation process and improve its technical feasibility. The aim of this paper is to provide readers with an effective green and sustainable remediation technology for removing PAHs from aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Lingyun Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Makaranga A, Jutur PP. Dynamic metabolomic crosstalk between Chlorella saccharophila and its new symbiotic bacteria enhances lutein production in microalga without compromising its biomass. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 170:110291. [PMID: 37481992 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae Chlorella saccharophila UTEX247 was co-cultured with its symbiotic indigenous isolated bacterial strain, Exiguobacterium sp., to determine the possible effects of bacteria on microalgae growth and lutein productivity. Under optimal conditions, the lutein productivity of co-culture was 298.97 µg L-1 d-1, which was nearly 1.45-fold higher compared to monocultures i.e., 103.3 µg L-1 d-1. The highest lutein productivities were obtained in co-cultures, accompanied by a significant increase in cell biomass up to 0.84-fold. These conditions were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify metabolites enhancing valuable renewables, i.e., lutein, without compromising growth. Our qualitative metabolomic analysis identified nearly 30 (microalgae alone), 41 (bacteria alone), and 75 (co-cultures) metabolites, respectively. Among these, 46 metabolites were unique in the co-culture alone. The co-culture interactions significantly altered the role of metabolites such as thiamine precursors, reactive sugar anomers like furanose and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Nevertheless, the central metabolism cycle upregulation depicted increased availability of carbon skeletons, leading to increased cell biomass and pigments. In conclusion, the co-cultures induce the production of relevant metabolites which regulate growth and lutein simultaneously in C. saccharophila UTEX247, which paves the way for a new perspective in microalgal biorefineries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalah Makaranga
- Omics of Algae Group and DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group and DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le Reun N, Bramucci A, Ajani P, Khalil A, Raina JB, Seymour JR. Temporal variability in the growth-enhancing effects of different bacteria within the microbiome of the diatom Actinocyclus sp. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1230349. [PMID: 37608955 PMCID: PMC10440540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1230349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal metabolite exchanges between diatoms and bacteria can enhance the growth of both partners and therefore fundamentally influence aquatic ecosystem productivity. Here, we examined the growth-promoting capabilities of 15 different bacterial isolates from the bacterial community associated with the marine diatom Actinocyclus sp. and investigated the magnitude and timing of their effect on the growth of this diatom. In the presence of its microbiome, Actinocyclus sp. growth was significantly enhanced relative to axenic cultures. Co-culture with each of the 15 bacterial isolates examined here (seven Rhodobacteraceae, four Vibrionaceae, two Pseudoalteromonadaceae, one Oceanospirillaceae and one Alteromonadaceae) increased the growth of the diatom host, with four isolates inducing rates of growth that were similar to those delivered by the diatom's full microbiome. However, the timing and duration of this effect differed between the different bacteria tested. Indeed, one Rhodobacteraceae and one Alteromonadaceae enhanced Actinocyclus sp. cell numbers between days 0-6 after co-incubation, five other Rhodobacteraceae promoted diatom cell numbers the most between days 8-12, whilst four Vibrionaceae, one Oceanospirillaceae and one Rhodobacteraceae enhanced Actinocyclus sp. cell abundance between days 14-16. These results are indicative of a succession of the growth-enhancing effects delivered by diverse bacteria throughout the Actinocyclus sp. life cycle, which will likely deliver sustained growth benefits to the diatom when its full microbiome is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nine Le Reun
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Bramucci
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Penelope Ajani
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Abeeha Khalil
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin R. Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eigemann F, Rahav E, Grossart HP, Aharonovich D, Voss M, Sher D. Phytoplankton Producer Species and Transformation of Released Compounds over Time Define Bacterial Communities following Phytoplankton Dissolved Organic Matter Pulses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0053923. [PMID: 37409944 PMCID: PMC10370336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00539-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton-bacterium interactions are mediated, in part, by phytoplankton-released dissolved organic matter (DOMp). Two factors that shape the bacterial community accompanying phytoplankton are (i) the phytoplankton producer species, defining the initial composition of released DOMp, and (ii) the DOMp transformation over time. We added phytoplankton DOMp from the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9312 to natural bacterial communities from the eastern Mediterranean and determined the bacterial responses over a time course of 72 h in terms of cell numbers, bacterial production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and changes in active bacterial community composition based on rRNA amplicon sequencing. Both DOMp types were demonstrated to serve the bacterial community as carbon and, potentially, phosphorus sources. Bacterial communities in diatom-derived DOM treatments maintained higher Shannon diversities throughout the experiment and yielded higher bacterial production and lower alkaline phosphatase activity compared to cyanobacterium-derived DOM after 24 h of incubation (but not after 48 and 72 h), indicating greater bacterial usability of diatom-derived DOM. Bacterial communities significantly differed between DOMp types as well as between different incubation times, pointing to a certain bacterial specificity for the DOMp producer as well as a successive utilization of phytoplankton DOM by different bacterial taxa over time. The highest differences in bacterial community composition with DOMp types occurred shortly after DOMp additions, suggesting a high specificity toward highly bioavailable DOMp compounds. We conclude that phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities are strongly shaped by the phytoplankton producer as well as the transformation of its released DOMp over time. IMPORTANCE Phytoplankton-bacterium interactions influence biogeochemical cycles of global importance. Phytoplankton photosynthetically fix carbon dioxide and subsequently release the synthesized compounds as dissolved organic matter (DOMp), which becomes processed and recycled by heterotrophic bacteria. Yet the importance of phytoplankton producers in combination with the time-dependent transformation of DOMp compounds on the accompanying bacterial community has not been explored in detail. The diatom Skeletonema marinoi and the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9312 belong to globally important phytoplankton genera, and our study revealed that DOMp of both species was selectively incorporated by the bacterial community. The producer species had the highest impact shortly after DOMp appropriation, and its effect diminished over time. Our results improve the understanding of the dynamics of organic matter produced by phytoplankton in the oceans as it is utilized and modified by cooccurring bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Eigemann
- Water Quality Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemuende, Germany
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Maren Voss
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemuende, Germany
| | - Daniel Sher
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vale F, Sousa CA, Sousa H, Simões LC, McBain AJ, Simões M. Bacteria and microalgae associations in periphyton-mechanisms and biotechnological opportunities. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad047. [PMID: 37586879 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms coexist in complex and dynamic structures called periphyton. These structures shape the biogeochemistry and biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. In particular, microalgae-bacteria interactions are a prominent focus of study by microbial ecologists and can provide biotechnological opportunities for numerous applications (i.e. microalgal bloom control, aquaculture, biorefinery, and wastewater bioremediation). In this review, we analyze the species dynamics (i.e. periphyton formation and factors determining the prevalence of one species over another), coexisting communities, exchange of resources, and communication mechanisms of periphytic microalgae and bacteria. We extend periphyton mathematical modelling as a tool to comprehend complex interactions. This review is expected to boost the applicability of microalgae-bacteria consortia, by drawing out knowledge from natural periphyton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Vale
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia A Sousa
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Sousa
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia C Simões
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andrew J McBain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Simões
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tong CY, Honda K, Derek CJC. A review on microalgal-bacterial co-culture: The multifaceted role of beneficial bacteria towards enhancement of microalgal metabolite production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115872. [PMID: 37054838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass microalgal-bacterial co-cultures have come to the fore of applied physiological research, in particularly for the optimization of high-value metabolite from microalgae. These co-cultures rely on the existence of a phycosphere which harbors unique cross-kingdom associations that are a prerequisite for the cooperative interactions. However, detailed mechanisms underpinning the beneficial bacterial effects onto microalgal growth and metabolic production are rather limited at the moment. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to shed light on how bacteria fuels microalgal metabolism or vice versa during mutualistic interactions, building upon the phycosphere which is a hotspot for chemical exchange. Nutrients exchange and signal transduction between two not only increase the algal productivity, but also facilitate in the degradation of bio-products and elevate the host defense ability. Main chemical mediators such as photosynthetic oxygen, N-acyl-homoserine lactone, siderophore and vitamin B12 were identified to elucidate beneficial cascading effects from the bacteria towards microalgal metabolites. In terms of applications, the enhancement of soluble microalgal metabolites is often associated with bacteria-mediated cell autolysis while bacterial bio-flocculants can aid in microalgal biomass harvesting. In addition, this review goes in depth into the discussion on enzyme-based communication via metabolic engineering such as gene modification, cellular metabolic pathway fine-tuning, over expression of target enzymes, and diversion of flux toward key metabolites. Furthermore, possible challenges and recommendations aimed at stimulating microalgal metabolite production are outlined. As more evidence emerges regarding the multifaceted role of beneficial bacteria, it will be crucial to incorporate these findings into the development of algal biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kohsuke Honda
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - C J C Derek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nieri P, Carpi S, Esposito R, Costantini M, Zupo V. Bioactive Molecules from Marine Diatoms and Their Value for the Nutraceutical Industry. Nutrients 2023; 15:464. [PMID: 36678334 PMCID: PMC9861441 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for novel sources of nutrients is among the basic goals for achievement of sustainable progress. In this context, microalgae are relevant organisms, being rich in high-value compounds and able to grow in open ponds or photobioreactors, thus enabling profitable exploitation of aquatic resources. Microalgae, a huge taxon containing photosynthetic microorganisms living in freshwater, as well as in brackish and marine waters, typically unicellular and eukaryotic, include green algae (Chlorophyceae), red algae (Rhodophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). In recent decades, diatoms have been considered the most sustainable sources of nutrients for humans with respect to other microalgae. This review focuses on studies exploring their bio-pharmacological activities when relevant for human disease prevention and/or treatment. In addition, we considered diatoms and their extracts (or purified compounds) when relevant for specific nutraceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Marine Pharmacology, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and Nanotechnology (NEST), Piazza San Silvestro, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Esposito
- Stazione Zoologica Antorn Dohrn, Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Stazione Zoologica Antorn Dohrn, Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Stazione Zoologica Antorn Dohrn, Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Centre, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren S, Jin Y, Ma J, Zheng N, Zhang J, Peng X, Xie B. Isolation and characterization of algicidal bacteria from freshwater aquatic environments in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1156291. [PMID: 36970679 PMCID: PMC10033687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1156291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria can inhibit the growth of algae or lyse algal cells, thus playing roles in shaping aquatic microbial communities and maintaining the functions of aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, our understanding of their diversities and distributions remains limited. In this study, we collected water samples from 17 freshwater sites in 14 cities in China and screened a total of 77 algicidal bacterial strains using several prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae as target strains. According to their target-specificities, these strains were classified into three subgroups, cyanobacterial algicidal bacteria, algal algicidal bacteria, and broad-target algicidal bacteria, each displaying distinctive compositions and geographical distribution patterns. They are assigned to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes bacterial phyla, of which Pseudomonas and Bacillus are the most abundant gram-negative and gram-positive genus, respectively. A number of bacterial strains, such as Inhella inkyongensis and Massilia eburnean, are suggested as new algicidal bacteria. The diverse taxonomies, algal-inhibiting abilities and distributions of these isolates have suggested that there are rich algicidal bacterial resources in these aquatic environments. Our results provide new microbial resources for algal-bacterial interaction studies, and shed new insights into how algicidal bacteria can be used in the control of harmful algal blooms, as well as in algal biotechnology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of Phycosphere Bacteria on Their Algal Host Are Host Species-Specific and Not Phylogenetically Conserved. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010062. [PMID: 36677355 PMCID: PMC9862884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton is fundamental to life on Earth. Their productivity is influenced by the microbial communities residing in the phycosphere surrounding algal cells. Expanding our knowledge on how algal-bacterial interactions affect algal growth to more hosts and bacteria can help elucidate general principles of algal-host interactions. Here, we isolated 368 bacterial strains from phycosphere communities, right after phycosphere recruitment from pond water and after a month of lab cultivation and examined their impacts on growth of five green algal species. We isolated both abundant and rare phycosphere members, representing 18.4% of the source communities. Positive and neutral effects predominated over negative effects on host growth. The proportion of each effect type and whether the day of isolation mattered varied by host species. Bacteria affected algal carrying capacity more than growth rate, suggesting that nutrient remineralization and toxic byproduct metabolism may be a dominant mechanism. Across-host algal fitness assays indicated host-specific growth effects of our isolates. We observed no phylogenetic conservation of the effect on host growth among bacterial isolates. Even isolates with the same ASV had divergent effects on host growth. Our results emphasize highly specific host-bacterial interactions in the phycosphere and raise questions as to which mechanisms mediate these interactions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gubelit YI. Studies of Lacustrine Phytoperiphyton: Current Trends and Prospects Considering Algae-Bacteria Interactions. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Bartolek Z, Creveld SGV, Coesel S, Cain KR, Schatz M, Morales R, Virginia Armbrust E. Flavobacterial exudates disrupt cell cycle progression and metabolism of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2741-2751. [PMID: 36104452 PMCID: PMC9666458 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and bacteria form the base of marine ecosystems and their interactions drive global biogeochemical cycles. The effects of bacteria and bacteria-produced compounds on diatoms range from synergistic to pathogenic and can affect the physiology and transcriptional patterns of the interacting diatom. Here, we investigate physiological and transcriptional changes in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana induced by extracellular metabolites of a known antagonistic bacterium Croceibacter atlanticus. Mono-cultures of C. atlanticus released compounds that inhibited diatom cell division and elicited a distinctive morphology of enlarged cells with increased chloroplast content and enlarged nuclei, similar to what was previously observed when the diatom was co-cultured with live bacteria. The extracellular C. atlanticus metabolites induced transcriptional changes in diatom pathways that include recognition and signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation, carbohydrate and amino acid production, as well as cell wall stability. Phenotypic analysis showed a disruption in the diatom cell cycle progression and an increase in both intra- and extracellular carbohydrates in diatom cultures after bacterial exudate treatment. The transcriptional changes and corresponding phenotypes suggest that extracellular bacterial metabolites, produced independently of direct bacterial-diatom interaction, may modulate diatom metabolism in ways that support bacterial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinka Bartolek
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Sacha Coesel
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kelsy R Cain
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Megan Schatz
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rhonda Morales
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carles L, Wullschleger S, Joss A, Eggen RIL, Schirmer K, Schuwirth N, Stamm C, Tlili A. Wastewater microorganisms impact microbial diversity and important ecological functions of stream periphyton. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119119. [PMID: 36170769 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effluents of wastewater treatment plants can impact microbial communities in the receiving streams. However, little is known about the role of microorganisms in wastewater as opposed to other wastewater constituents, such as nutrients and micropollutants. We aimed therefore at determining the impact of wastewater microorganisms on the microbial diversity and function of periphyton, key microbial communities in streams. We used a flow-through channel system to grow periphyton upon exposure to a mixture of stream water and unfiltered or ultra-filtered wastewater. Impacts were assessed on periphyton biomass, activities and tolerance to micropollutants, as well as on microbial diversity. Our results showed that wastewater microorganisms colonized periphyton and modified its community composition, resulting for instance in an increased abundance of Chloroflexi and a decreased abundance of diatoms and green algae. This led to shifts towards heterotrophy, as suggested by the changes in nutrient stoichiometry and the increased mineralization potential of carbon substrates. An increased tolerance towards micropollutants was only found for periphyton exposed to unfiltered wastewater but not to ultra-filtered wastewater, suggesting that wastewater microorganisms were responsible for this increased tolerance. Overall, our results highlight the need to consider the role of wastewater microorganisms when studying potential impacts of wastewater on the receiving water body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Carles
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon Wullschleger
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rik I L Eggen
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nele Schuwirth
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stamm
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Filek K, Lebbe L, Willems A, Chaerle P, Vyverman W, Žižek M, Bosak S. More than just hitchhikers: a survey of bacterial communities associated with diatoms originating from sea turtles. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6693935. [PMID: 36073481 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms and bacteria are known for being the first colonizers of submerged surfaces including the skin of marine reptiles. Sea turtle carapace and skin harbor diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, including several epizoic diatoms. However, the importance of diatom-bacteria associations is hardly investigated in biofilms associated with animal hosts. This study provides an inventory of diatoms, bacteria and diatom-associated bacteria originating from loggerhead sea turtles using both metabarcoding and culturing approaches. Amplicon sequencing of the carapace and skin samples chloroplast gene rbcL and 16S rRNA gene detected, in total, 634 diatom amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 3661 bacterial ASVs, indicating high diversity. Cultures of putative epizoic and non-epizoic diatoms contained 458 bacterial ASVs and their bacterial assemblages reflected those of their host. Diatom strains allowed for enrichment and isolation of bacterial families rarely observed on turtles, such as Marinobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae and Alcanivoracaceae. When accounting for phylogenetic relationships between bacterial ASVs, we observed that related diatom genera might retain similar microbial taxa in culture, regardless of the turtle's skin or carapace source. These data provide deeper insights into the sea turtle-associated microbial communities, and reveal the potential of epizoic biofilms as a source of novel microbes and possibly important diatom-bacteria associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Filek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liesbeth Lebbe
- Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Chaerle
- Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Žižek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sunčica Bosak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bacterial Community Assembly, Succession, and Metabolic Function during Outdoor Cultivation of Microchloropsis salina. mSphere 2022; 7:e0023122. [PMID: 35730934 PMCID: PMC9429889 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00231-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor cultivation of microalgae has promising potential for renewable bioenergy, but there is a knowledge gap on the structure and function of the algal microbiome that coinhabits these ecosystems. Here, we describe the assembly mechanisms, taxonomic structure, and metabolic potential of bacteria associated with Microchloropsis salina cultivated outdoors. Open mesocosms were inoculated with algal cultures that were either free of bacteria or coincubated with one of two different strains of alga-associated bacteria and were sampled across five time points taken over multiple harvesting rounds of a 40-day experiment. Using quantitative analyses of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), we tracked bacterial community compositional abundance and taxon-specific functional capacity involved in algal-bacterial interactions. One of the inoculated bacteria (Alteromonas sp.) persisted and dispersed across mesocosms, whereas the other inoculated strain (Phaeobacter gallaeciensis) disappeared by day 17 while a taxonomically similar but functionally distinct Phaeobacter strain became established. The inoculated strains were less abundant than 6 numerically dominant newly recruited taxa with functional capacities for mutualistic or saprophytic lifestyles, suggesting a generalist approach to persistence. This includes a highly abundant unclassified Rhodobacteraceae species that fluctuated between 25% and 77% of the total community. Overall, we did not find evidence for priority effects exerted by the distinct inoculum conditions; all mesocosms converged with similar microbial community compositions by the end of the experiment. Instead, we infer that the 15 total populations were retained due to host selection, as they showed high metabolic potential for algal-bacterial interactions such as recycling alga-produced carbon and nitrogen and production of vitamins and secondary metabolites associated with algal growth and senescence, including B vitamins, tropodithietic acid, and roseobacticides. IMPORTANCE Bacteria proliferate in nutrient-rich aquatic environments, including engineered algal biofuel systems, where they remineralize photosynthates, exchange secondary metabolites with algae, and can influence system output of biomass or oil. Despite this, knowledge on the microbial ecology of algal cultivation systems is lacking, and the subject is worthy of investigation. Here, we used metagenomics to characterize the metabolic capacities of the predominant bacteria associated with the biofuel-relevant microalga Microchloropsis salina and to predict testable metabolic interactions between algae and manipulated communities of bacteria. We identified a previously undescribed and uncultivated organism that dominated the community. Collectively, the microbial community may interact with the alga in cultivation via exchange of secondary metabolites which could affect algal success, which we demonstrate as a possible outcome from controlled experiments with metabolically analogous isolates. These findings address the scalability of lab-based algal-bacterial interactions through to cultivation systems and more broadly provide a framework for empirical testing of genome-based metabolic predictions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Coyne KJ, Wang Y, Johnson G. Algicidal Bacteria: A Review of Current Knowledge and Applications to Control Harmful Algal Blooms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:871177. [PMID: 35464927 PMCID: PMC9022068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.871177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton in aqueous ecosystems are both complex and dynamic, with associations that range from mutualism to parasitism. This review focuses on algicidal interactions, in which bacteria are capable of controlling algal growth through physical association or the production of algicidal compounds. While there is some evidence for bacterial control of algal growth in the field, our understanding of these interactions is largely based on laboratory culture experiments. Here, the range of these algicidal interactions is discussed, including specificity of bacterial control, mechanisms for activity, and insights into the chemical and biochemical analysis of these interactions. The development of algicidal bacteria or compounds derived from bacteria for control of harmful algal blooms is reviewed with a focus on environmentally friendly or sustainable methods of application. Potential avenues for future research and further development and application of bacterial algicides for the control of algal blooms are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Coyne
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han D, Shin H, Lee JH, Kang CK, Kim DG, Hur HG. Phylogenetic diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial and microeukaryotic plankton communities in Gwangyang Bay of the Korean Peninsula. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2980. [PMID: 35194107 PMCID: PMC8863807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient dynamics function globally, flowing from rivers to the ocean (estuarine-coastal zone), and are vulnerable to climate change. Microbial habitats can be affected by marine nutrient dynamics and may provide a clue to predict microbial responses to environmental heterogeneity in estuarine-coastal zones. We surveyed surface seawater in Gwangyang Bay, a semi-enclosed estuary in Korea, from 2016 to 2018 using a metabarcoding approach with prokaryotic 16S and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes. Bacterial and microeukaryotic communities in these waters showed distinct local communities in response to environmental heterogeneity and community transition at spatiotemporal scales in the estuarine-coastal zone. The relative abundance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units suggested a microbial trophic interaction in the Gwangyang Bay waters. We found that the community assembly process in prokaryotic communities was primarily influenced by biological interaction (immigration-emigration), whereas that in eukaryotic communities was more affected by environmental stress (habitat specificity) rather than by biotic factors. Our findings in the Gwangyang Bay waters may provide information on underlying (biotic or abiotic) factors of the assembly process in microbial communities in the estuarine-coastal zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dukki Han
- Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanseob Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Kang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stock W, Willems A, Mangelinckx S, Vyverman W, Sabbe K. Selection constrains lottery assembly in the microbiomes of closely related diatom species. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:11. [PMID: 37938731 PMCID: PMC9723743 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognised that interactions between microalgae and bacteria play an important role in the functioning of marine ecosystems. In this context, increasing attention is paid to the processes that shape microalga-associated microbiomes. In recent years, conflicting evidence has been reported with respect to the relative importance of selective vs neutral processes in the assembly process. Whereas some studies report strong selection imposed by the host, others propose a more neutral, lottery-like assembly model according to which the chance of bacteria becoming part of the microbiome is proportional to their abundance in the environment and not driven by the selectional pressure created by the host. In the present study, we investigated to what degree selective vs neutral assembly processes constrain taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional variation within and between microbiomes associated with 69 isolates belonging to the Cylindrotheca closterium benthic marine diatom complex. The diatom cultures were initiated from non-axenic clonal isolates from different marine environments and geographic locations, and were then reared in a common garden (lab) environment. An important environmental imprint, likely due to in situ lottery dynamics, was apparent in the diatom microbiomes. However, microbiome assembly was also phylogenetically and functionally constrained through selective filtering related to the host microhabitat. Randomised microbiome assembly simulations revealed evidence for phylogenetic overdispersion in the observed microbiomes, reflecting an important role in the assembly process for competition between bacteria on the one hand and predominantly genetically driven differences between the hosts on the other hand. Our study thus shows that even between closely related diatom strains, host selection affects microbiome assembly, superimposing the predominantly stochastically driven recruitment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem Stock
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Phycology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Palacios OA, López BR, de-Bashan LE. Microalga Growth-Promoting Bacteria (MGPB): A formal term proposed for beneficial bacteria involved in microalgal–bacterial interactions. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
22
|
Daly G, Perrin E, Viti C, Fondi M, Adessi A. Scaling down the microbial loop: data-driven modelling of growth interactions in a diatom-bacterium co-culture. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:945-954. [PMID: 34541831 PMCID: PMC9293018 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An intricate set of interactions characterizes marine ecosystems. One of the most important is represented by the microbial loop, which includes the exchange of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from phototrophic organisms to heterotrophic bacteria. Here, it can be used as the major carbon and energy source. This interaction is one of the foundations of the entire ocean food-web. The carbon fixed by phytoplankton can be redirected to bacteria in two main ways; either (i) bacteria feed on dead phytoplankton cells or (ii) DOM is actively released by phytoplankton (a process resulting in up to 50% of the fixed carbon leaving the cell). Here, we have set up a co-culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the chemoheterotrophic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 and used this system to study the interactions between these two representatives of the microbial loop. We show that the bacterium can thrive on diatom-derived carbon and that this growth can be sustained by both diatom dead cells and diatom-released compounds. These observations were formalized in a network of putative interactions between P. tricornutum and P. haloplanktis and implemented in a model that reproduces the observed co-culture dynamics, revealing an overall accuracy of our hypotheses in explaining the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Daly
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and ForestryUniversity of Florence, Piazzale delle CascineFlorence18Italy
| | - Elena Perrin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceVia Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto F.no, FlorenceItaly
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and ForestryUniversity of Florence, Piazzale delle CascineFlorence18Italy
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceVia Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto F.no, FlorenceItaly
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Dinamiche ComplesseUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alessandra Adessi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and ForestryUniversity of Florence, Piazzale delle CascineFlorence18Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Świderska-Kołacz G, Jefimow M, Klusek J, Rączka N, Zmorzyński S, Wojciechowska A, Stanisławska I, Łyp M, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J. Influence of Algae Supplementation on the Concentration of Glutathione and the Activity of Glutathione Enzymes in the Mice Liver and Kidney. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061996. [PMID: 34200606 PMCID: PMC8227691 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae are potential and natural source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The diatom Pinnularia borealis accumulates high levels of EPA and may be considered as a source for commercial production of dietary supplements. In this study we asked the question whether diet supplementation with P. borealis may augment antioxidant defense and ameliorate risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. We fed mice (Mus musculus) with lyophilized diatom solutions of different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) for 7 days. Then we measured glutathione content and the activity of glutathione redox system enzymes, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, and malondialdehyde concentration in the liver and kidney. We found that cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in the liver and kidneys were the lowest in mice who were fed with the highest concentration of Pinnularia borealis, suggesting protective properties of algae. Additionally, the lowest concentration of Pinnularia borealis was sufficient to improve antioxidant capacity. Our results suggest that P. borealis may be used as a source for dietary supplements rich in EPA, but the amount supplied to the organism should be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Świderska-Kołacz
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-420 Kielce, Poland; (G.Ś.-K.); (J.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Jefimow
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Klusek
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-420 Kielce, Poland; (G.Ś.-K.); (J.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Norbert Rączka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-420 Kielce, Poland; (G.Ś.-K.); (J.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Szymon Zmorzyński
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Wojciechowska
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | | | - Marek Łyp
- College of Rehabilitation, 01-234 Warszawa, Poland; (I.S.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-420 Kielce, Poland; (G.Ś.-K.); (J.K.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-509-448-190
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gubelit YI, Grossart HP. New Methods, New Concepts: What Can Be Applied to Freshwater Periphyton? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1275. [PMID: 32670226 PMCID: PMC7328189 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions play an essential role in aquatic ecosystems and are of the great interest for both marine and freshwater ecologists. Recent development of new technologies and methods allowed to reveal many functional mechanisms and create new concepts. Yet, many fundamental aspects of microbial interactions have been almost exclusively studied for marine pelagic and benthic ecosystems. These studies resulted in a formulation of the Black Queen Hypothesis, a development of the phycosphere concept for pelagic communities, and a realization of microbial communication as a key mechanism for microbial interactions. In freshwater ecosystems, especially for periphyton communities, studies focus mainly on physiology, biodiversity, biological indication, and assessment, but the many aspects of microbial interactions are neglected to a large extent. Since periphyton plays a great role for aquatic nutrient cycling, provides the basis for water purification, and can be regarded as a hotspot of microbial biodiversity, we highlight that more in-depth studies on microbial interactions in periphyton are needed to improve our understanding on functioning of freshwater ecosystems. In this paper we first present an overview on recent concepts (e.g., the "Black Queen Hypothesis") derived from state-of-the-art OMICS methods including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics. We then point to the avenues how these methods can be applied for future studies on biodiversity and the ecological role of freshwater periphyton, a yet largely neglected component of many freshwater ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia I. Gubelit
- Laboratory of Freshwater Hydrobiology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|