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Cortés-Martín A, Buttimer C, Pozhydaieva N, Hille F, Shareefdeen H, Bolocan AS, Draper LA, Shkoporov AN, Franz CMAP, Höfer K, Ross RP, Hill C. Isolation and characterization of Septuagintavirus; a novel clade of Escherichia coli phages within the subfamily Vequintavirinae. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0059224. [PMID: 39101714 PMCID: PMC11370258 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00592-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a commensal inhabitant of the mammalian gut microbiota, frequently associated with various gastrointestinal diseases. There is increasing interest in comprehending the variety of bacteriophages (phages) that target this bacterium, as such insights could pave the way for their potential use in therapeutic applications. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of four newly identified E. coli infecting tailed phages (W70, A7-1, A5-4, and A73) that were found to constitute a novel genus, Septuagintavirus, within the subfamily Vequintavirinae. Genomes of these phages ranged from 137 kbp to 145 kbp, with a GC content of 41 mol%. They possess a maximum nucleotide similarity of 30% with phages of the closest phylogenetic genus, Certrevirus, while displaying limited homology to other genera of the Vequintavirinae family. Host range analysis showed that these phages have limited activity against a panel of E. coli strains, infecting 6 out of 16 tested isolates, regardless of their phylotype. Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was performed on the virion of phage W70, allowing the identification of 28 structural proteins, 19 of which were shared with phages of other genera of Vequintavirinae family. The greatest diversity was identified with proteins forming tail fiber structures, likely indicating the adaptation of virions of each phage genus of this subfamily for the recognition of their target receptor on host cells. The findings of this study provide greater insights into the phages of the subfamily Vequintavirinae, contributing to the pool of knowledge currently known about these phages. IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli is a well-known bacterium that inhabits diverse ecological niches, including the mammalian gut microbiota. Certain strains are associated with gastrointestinal diseases, and there is a growing interest in using bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, to combat bacterial infections. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of four novel E. coli bacteriophages that constitute a new genus, Septuagintavirus, within the subfamily Vequintavirinae. We conducted mass spectrometry on virions of a representative phage of this novel clade and compared it to other phages within the subfamily. Our analysis shows that virion structure is highly conserved among all phages, except for proteins related to tail fiber structures implicated in the host range. These findings provide greater insights into the phages of the subfamily Vequintavirinae, contributing to the existing pool of knowledge about these phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Frank Hille
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hiba Shareefdeen
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrei S. Bolocan
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine A. Draper
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrey N. Shkoporov
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Katharina Höfer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Jo SJ, Giri SS, Lee YM, Park JH, Hwang MH, Lee SB, Jung WJ, Kim SG, Roh E, Park SC. Genomic insights into novel Erwinia bacteriophages: unveiling their Henunavirus membership and host infection strategies. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:204. [PMID: 38831133 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora, the primary causative agent of blight disease in rosaceous plants, poses a significant threat to agricultural yield worldwide, with limited effective countermeasures. The emergence of sustainable alternative agents such as bacteriophages is a promising solution for fire blight that specifically targets Erwinia. In this study, we isolated pEp_SNUABM_01 and pEa_SNUABM_55 from a South Korean apple orchard soil, analyzed their genomic DNA sequences, and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of Hena1 in four distinct sections. This study aimed to unveil distinctive features of these phages, with a focus on host recognition, which will provide valuable insights into the evolution and characteristics of Henunavirus bacteriophages that infect plant pathogenic Erwinia spp. By elucidating the distinct genomic features of these phages, particularly in terms of host recognition, this study lays a foundation for their potential application in mitigating the risks associated with fire blight in Rosaceae plants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Phage and Microbial Resistance, Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Crop Protection Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Xi H, Fu B, Sheng Q, Luo M, Sun L. Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage RH-42-1 of Erwinia amylovora from Orchard Soil in China. Viruses 2024; 16:509. [PMID: 38675852 PMCID: PMC11054837 DOI: 10.3390/v16040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a major threat to pear production worldwide. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are a promising alternative to antibiotics for controlling fire blight. In this study, we isolated a novel bacteriophage, RH-42-1, from Xinjiang, China. We characterized its biological properties, including host range, plaque morphology, infection dynamics, stability, and sensitivity to various chemicals. RH-42-1 infected several E. amylovora strains but not all. It produced clear, uniform plaques and exhibited optimal infectivity at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, reaching a high titer of 9.6 × 109 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL. The bacteriophage had a short latent period (10 min), a burst size of 207 PFU/cell, and followed a sigmoidal one-step growth curve. It was stable at temperatures up to 60 °C but declined rapidly at higher temperatures. RH-42-1 remained viable within a pH range of 5 to 9 and was sensitive to extreme pH values. The bacteriophage demonstrates sustained activity upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation for 60 min, albeit with a marginal reduction. In our assays, it exhibited a certain level of resistance to 5% chloroform (CHCl3), 5% isopropanol (C3H8O), and 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which had little effect on its activity, whereas it showed sensitivity to 75% ethanol (C2H5OH). Electron microscopy revealed that RH-42-1 has a tadpole-shaped morphology. Its genome size is 14,942 bp with a GC content of 48.19%. Based on these characteristics, RH-42-1 was identified as a member of the Tectiviridae family, Alphatectivirus genus. This is the first report of a bacteriophage in this genus with activity against E. amylovora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishen Xi
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy at Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Agricultural and Forest Pests, Urumqi 830052, China; (H.X.); (B.F.)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pests and Diseases Control of Northwest Arid Oasis Agricultural Foreign Invasion Species, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Benzhong Fu
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy at Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Agricultural and Forest Pests, Urumqi 830052, China; (H.X.); (B.F.)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pests and Diseases Control of Northwest Arid Oasis Agricultural Foreign Invasion Species, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Qiang Sheng
- Xinjiang Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Korla 841003, China;
| | - Ming Luo
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy at Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Agricultural and Forest Pests, Urumqi 830052, China; (H.X.); (B.F.)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pests and Diseases Control of Northwest Arid Oasis Agricultural Foreign Invasion Species, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Liying Sun
- The Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Biosca EG, Delgado Santander R, Morán F, Figàs-Segura À, Vázquez R, Català-Senent JF, Álvarez B. First European Erwinia amylovora Lytic Bacteriophage Cocktails Effective in the Host: Characterization and Prospects for Fire Blight Biocontrol. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:176. [PMID: 38534446 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fire blight, caused by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a highly contagious and difficult-to-control disease due to its efficient dissemination and survival and the scarcity of effective control methods. Copper and antibiotics are the most used treatments but pose environmental and human health risks. Bacteriophages (phages) constitute an ecological, safe, and sustainable fire blight control alternative. The goal of this study was to search for specific E. amylovora phages from plant material, soil, and water samples in Mediterranean environments. A collection of phages able to specifically infect and lyse E. amylovora strains was generated from former fire blight-affected orchards in Eastern Spain. Following in vitro characterization, assays in immature fruit revealed that preventively applying some of the phages or their combinations delayed the onset of fire blight symptoms and reduced the disease's severity, suggesting their biocontrol potential in Spain and other countries. The morphological and molecular characterization of the selected E. amylovora phages classified them as members of the class Caudoviricetes (former Myoviridae family) and genus Kolesnikvirus. This study reveals Mediterranean settings as plausible sources of E. amylovora-specific bacteriophages and provides the first effective European phage cocktails in plant material for the development of sustainable fire blight management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Biosca
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Delgado Santander
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Félix Morán
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Àngela Figàs-Segura
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Belén Álvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Investigación Aplicada y Extensión Agraria, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Jo SJ, Kim SG, Park J, Lee YM, Giri SS, Lee SB, Jung WJ, Hwang MH, Park JH, Roh E, Park SC. Optimizing the formulation of Erwinia bacteriophages for improved UV stability and adsorption on apple leaves. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22034. [PMID: 38034629 PMCID: PMC10682131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire blight is a bacterial disease that affects plants of the Rosaceae family and causes significant economic losses worldwide. Although antibiotics have been used to control the disease, concerns about their environmental impact and the potential to promote antibiotic resistance have arisen. Bacteriophages are being investigated as an alternative to antibiotics; however, their efficacy can be affected by environmental stresses, such as UV radiation. In this study, we optimized the formulation of Erwinia phages to enhance their stability in the field, focusing on improving their UV stability and adsorption using adjuvants. Our results confirmed that 4.5 % polysorbate 80 and kaolin improve phage stability under UV stress, resulting in an 80 % increase in PFU value and improved UV protection efficacy. Adsorption assays also demonstrated that polysorbate 80 and kaolin improved the absorption efficiency, with phages detected in plant for up to two weeks. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the auxiliary formulation of Erwinia bacteriophages against environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkum Park
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Besarab NV, Letarov AV, Kulikov EE, Babenko VV, Belalov IS, Lagonenko AL, Golomidova AK, Evtushenkov AN. Two novel Erwinia amylovora bacteriophages, Loshitsa2 and Micant, isolated in Belarus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2633-2642. [PMID: 36207555 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomes of the new Erwinia amylovora bacteriophages Loshitsa2 and Micant are 43,092 bp and 43,028 bp long, respectively, encode 51 putative proteins, and have two tRNA genes. Comparative analysis with representatives of the class Caudoviricetes suggests that bacteriophages Loshitsa2 and Micant are related to LIMElight bacteriophage belonging to the family Autographiviridae and could be proposed to be members of a novel subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Besarab
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Andrey V Letarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene E Kulikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Babenko
- GENOMIC Research and Computational Biology Lab, FSCC of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya S Belalov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Lagonenko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alla K Golomidova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly N Evtushenkov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
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Knecht LE, Born Y, Pelludat C, Pothier JF, Smits THM, Loessner MJ, Fieseler L. Spontaneous Resistance of Erwinia amylovora Against Bacteriophage Y2 Affects Infectivity of Multiple Phages. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908346. [PMID: 35979490 PMCID: PMC9376448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad application of antibiotics gave rise to increasing numbers of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore, effective alternatives are currently investigated. Bacteriophages, natural predators of bacteria, could work as such an alternative. Although phages can be highly effective at eliminating specific bacteria, phage resistance can be observed after application. The nature of this resistance, however, can differ depending on the phage. Exposing Erwinia amylovora CFBP 1430, the causative agent of fire blight, to the different phages Bue1, L1, S2, S6, or M7 led to transient resistance. The bacteria reversed to a phage sensitive state after the phage was eliminated. When wild type bacteria were incubated with Y2, permanently resistant colonies (1430Y2R) formed spontaneously. In addition, 1430Y2R revealed cross-resistance against other phages (Bue1) or lowered the efficiency of plating (L1, S2, and S6). Pull down experiments revealed that Y2 is no longer able to bind to the mutant suggesting mutation or masking of the Y2 receptor. Other phages tested were still able to bind to 1430Y2R. Bue1 was observed to still adsorb to the mutant, but no host lysis was found. These findings indicated that, in addition to the alterations of the Y2 receptor, the 1430Y2R mutant might block phage attack at different stage of infection. Whole genome sequencing of 1430Y2R revealed a deletion in the gene with the locus tag EAMY_2231. The gene, which encodes a putative galactosyltransferase, was truncated due to the resulting frameshift. The mutant 1430Y2R was monitored for potential defects or fitness loss. Weaker growth was observed in LB medium compared to the wild type but not in minimal medium. Strain 1430Y2R was still highly virulent in blossoms even though amylovoran production was observed to be reduced. Additionally, LPS structures were analyzed and were clearly shown to be altered in the mutant. Complementation of the truncated EAMY_2231 in trans restored the wild type phenotype. The truncation of EAMY_2231 can therefore be associated with manifold modifications in 1430Y2R, which can affect different phages simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra E. Knecht
- Food Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Born
- Food Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Cosima Pelludat
- Agroscope, Plant Pathology and Zoology in Fruit and Vegetable Production, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Joël F. Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Theo H. M. Smits
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Martin J. Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Fieseler
- Food Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Lars Fieseler,
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Park J, Kim B, Song S, Lee YW, Roh E. Isolation of Nine Bacteriophages Shown Effective against Erwinia amylovora in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:248-253. [PMID: 35678058 PMCID: PMC9343912 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.11.2021.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a devastating bacterial plant pathogen that infects Rosaceae including apple and pear and causes fire blight. Bacteriophages have been considered as a biological control agent for preventing bacterial infections of plants. In this study, nine bacteriophages (ΦFifi011, ΦFifi044, ΦFifi051, ΦFifi067, ΦFifi106, ΦFifi287, ΦFifi318, ΦFifi450, and ΦFifi451) were isolated from soil and water samples in seven orchards with fire blight in Korea. The genetic diversity of bacteriophage isolates was confirmed through restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern analysis. Host range of the nine phages was tested against 45 E. amylovora strains and 14 E. pyrifoliae strains and nine other bacterial strains. Among the nine phages, ΦFifi044 and ΦFifi451 infected and lysed E. amylovora only. And the remaining seven phages infected both E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae. The results suggest that the isolated phages were different from each other and effective to control E. amylovora, providing a basis to develop biological agents and utilizing phage cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eunjung Roh
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-63-238-3284, FAX) +82-63-238-3838, E-mail)
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Kim SG, Roh E, Park J, Giri SS, Kwon J, Kim SW, Kang JW, Lee SB, Jung WJ, Lee YM, Cho K, Park SC. The Bacteriophage pEp_SNUABM_08 Is a Novel Singleton Siphovirus with High Host Specificity for Erwinia pyrifoliae. Viruses 2021; 13:1231. [PMID: 34202208 PMCID: PMC8310351 DOI: 10.3390/v13071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Species belonging to the genus Erwinia are predominantly plant pathogens. A number of bacteriophages capable of infecting Erwinia have been used for the control of plant diseases such as fire blight. Public repositories provide the complete genome information for such phages, which includes genomes ranging from 30 kb to 350 kb in size. However, limited information is available regarding bacteriophages belonging to the family Siphoviridae. A novel lytic siphophage, pEp_SNUABM_08, which specifically infects Erwinia pyrifoliae, was isolated from the soil of an affected apple orchard in South Korea. A comprehensive genome analysis was performed using the Erwinia-infecting siphophage. The whole genome of pEp_SNUABM_08 comprised 62,784 bp (GC content, 57.24%) with 79 open reading frames. The genomic characteristics confirmed that pEp_SNUABM_08 is a singleton lytic bacteriophage belonging to the family Siphoviridae, and no closely related phages have been reported thus far. Our study not only characterized a unique phage, but also provides insight into the genetic diversity of Erwinia bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (E.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jungkum Park
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (E.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Kevin Cho
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.K.); (S.S.G.); (J.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.J.J.); (Y.M.L.); (K.C.)
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