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Chen H, Shi H, Chen C, Jiao Y, Wang P, Chen C, Li J, Wu LF, Song T. Effects of static magnetic field on the sulfate metabolic pathway involved in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 cell growth and magnetosome formation. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad302. [PMID: 38066686 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) can use their unique intracellular magnetosome organelles to swim along the Earth's magnetic field. They play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of iron and sulfur. Previous studies have shown that the applied magnetic fields could affect the magnetosome formation and antioxidant defense systems in MTB. However, the molecular mechanisms by which magnetic fields affect MTB cells remain unclear. We aim to better understand the dark at 28°C-29°C for 20 h, as shownthe interactions between magnetic fields and cells, and the mechanism of MTB adaptation to magnetic field at molecular levels. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed microbiological, transcriptomic, and genetic experiments to analyze the effects of a weak static magnetic field (SMF) exposure on the cell growth and magnetosome formation in the MTB strain Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. The results showed that a 1.5 mT SMF significantly promoted the cell growth but reduced magnetosome formation in AMB-1, compared to the geomagnetic field. Transcriptomic analysis revealed decreased expression of genes primarily involved in the sulfate reduction pathway. Consistently, knockout mutant lacking adenylyl-sulfate kinase CysC did no more react to the SMF and the differences in growth and Cmag disappeared. Together with experimental findings of increased reactive oxidative species in the SMF-treated wild-type strain, we proposed that cysC, as a key gene, can participate in the cell growth and mineralization in AMB-1 by SMF regulation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the magnetic field exposure can trigger a bacterial oxidative stress response involved in AMB-1 growth and magnetosome mineralization by regulating the sulfur metabolism pathway. CysC may serve as a pivotal enzyme in mediating sulfur metabolism to synchronize the impact of SMF on both growth and magnetization of AMB-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongkai Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yangkun Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS, F-13402 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, F-13402 Marseille, France
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Electromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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