1
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Namasivayam SKR, Pandian UK, Samrat K, Arvind Bharani RS, John A, Kavisri M, Kadaikunnan S, Thiruvengadam M, Moovendhan M. Fungal derived herbicidal metabolite loaded starch-chitosan-gum acacia-agar based bio composite: Preparation, characterization, herbicidal activity, release profile and biocompatibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129264. [PMID: 38199548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biocomposites based on starch- gum acacia- agar, chitosan- starch- agar, starch- poly vinyl alcohol- agar were synthesized by simple, green route principles and the various characterization techniques like fourier infrared spectroscopy, SEM revealed the highly stable micro dimenstional that specially interacted with functional groups of polymers -herbicidal metabolites. Respective biocomposite was prepared by mixing equal volume of the selected polymer (1;1;1 ratio) with known concentration (100 mg of in distilled water followed by the addition of reconstituted herbicidal metabolites (100 mg or 0.1 g). Though all the biocomposites were capable of inducing herbicidal effect, notable impact was recorded in chitosan- starch- gum acacia treatment. In this case, the necrotic lesions were initiated at the early incubation period (6 h), progressively developing into dark brownish black lesions with 30.0 mm diameter. Release profile of the metabolites from the respective composite was also under in vitro and soil assay. Release profile study under in vitro and soil condition showed the sustained or controlled manner in distilled water and ethyl acetate treatment. No sign of toxic effect on the soil, parameters plant growth, rhizobacteria and peripheral blood cells clearly revealed the best biocompatibility of the presently proposed biocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Center for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - U Karthika Pandian
- Centre for Bioresource Research and Development, Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Samrat
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - R S Arvind Bharani
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Egmore, Chennai-600008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun John
- Department of Molecular Analytics, Saveetha school of engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavisri
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602195, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Meivelu Moovendhan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India..
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2
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Kochanowski JA, Carroll B, Asp ME, Kaputa EC, Patteson AE. Bacteria Colonies Modify Their Shear and Compressive Mechanical Properties in Response to Different Growth Substrates. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38193703 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria build multicellular communities termed biofilms, which are often encased in a self-secreted extracellular matrix that gives the community mechanical strength and protection against harsh chemicals. How bacteria assemble distinct multicellular structures in response to different environmental conditions remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the connection between bacteria colony mechanics and the colony growth substrate by measuring the oscillatory shear and compressive rheology of bacteria colonies grown on agar substrates. We found that bacteria colonies modify their own mechanical properties in response to shear and uniaxial compression in a manner that depends on the concentration of agar in their growth substrate. These findings highlight that mechanical interactions between bacteria and their microenvironments are an important element in bacteria colony development, which can aid in developing strategies to disrupt or reduce biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub A Kochanowski
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Bobby Carroll
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Merrill E Asp
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Emma C Kaputa
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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3
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Roncero-Ramos B, Román JR, Acién G, Cantón Y. Towards large scale biocrust restoration: Producing an efficient and low-cost inoculum of N-fixing cyanobacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157704. [PMID: 35908695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dryland soil degradation is increasing due to global change and traditional restoration methods are not successful due to water scarcity. Thus, an alternative technology based on inoculating biocrust-forming cyanobacteria on degraded soils has emerged. Biocrusts are communities of mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria or fungi that colonize soil surface forming a stable and fertile layer. Previous studies have shown the benefits of inoculating cyanobacteria to restore soils at a small scale. However, to face field restoration projects, it is necessary to produce high quantities of biomass at an affordable cost. In this work, we analyze if the previously tested cyanobacteria Scytonema hyalinum, Tolypothrix distorta (heterocystous strains) and Trichocoleus desertorum (a bundle-forming one) can be produced with agricultural fertilizers. Different culture media were used: two containing pure chemicals (BG11 and BG110, this N-free medium was used just for heterocystous strains) and two containing fertilizers (BG11-F and MM-F). The performance of the cultures was monitored by measuring the biomass concentration and photosynthetic stress. Afterwards, we analyzed their capacity to induce biocrusts and improve soil properties by inoculating the biomass on a mine substrate indoors and measuring, three months later, the albedo, chlorophyll a and organic carbon content. Results show that the bundle-forming cyanobacterium was unable to grow in the media tested, whereas both heterocystous cyanobacteria grew in all of them and induced the formation of biocrusts improving the organic carbon substrate content. The best results for S. hyalinum were found using the MM-F medium, and for T. distorta using a medium containing pure chemicals (BG11). However, results were also positive when using a medium containing fertilizers (BG11-F). Thus, agricultural fertilizers can be used to undertake the production of heterocystous cyanobacteria for large scale restoration in drylands. On the other hand, more research is needed to find sustainable techniques to produce biomass of bundle-forming cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Roncero-Ramos
- Department of Life Sciences, InBios-Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Belgium; Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Spain.
| | - José Raúl Román
- Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Spain; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cantón
- Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Spain; Research Centre for Scientific Collections from the University of Almeria (CECOUAL), Spain
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Dhall A, Ramjee R, Oh MJ, Tao K, Hwang G. A 3D-Printed Customizable Platform for Multiplex Dynamic Biofilm Studies. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 7:2200138. [PMID: 35935146 PMCID: PMC9347831 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microbes that colonize surfaces. While several biofilm experimental models exist, they often have limited replications of spatiotemporal dynamics surrounding biofilms. For a better understanding dynamic and complex biofilm development, this manuscript presents a customizable platform compatible with off-the-shelf well plates that can monitor microbial adhesion, growth, and associated parameters under various relevant scenarios by taking advantage of 3D printing. The system i) holds any substrate in a stable, vertical position, ii) subjects samples to flow at different angles, iii) switches between static and dynamic modes during an experiment, and iv) allows multiplexing and real-time monitoring of biofilm parameters. Simulated fluid dynamics is employed to estimate flow patterns around discs and shear stresses at disc surfaces. A 3D printed peristaltic pump and a customized pH measurement system for real-time tracking of spent biofilm culture media are equipped with a graphical user interface that grants control over all experimental parameters. The system is tested under static and dynamic conditions with Streptococcus mutans using different carbon sources. By monitoring the effluent pH and characterizing biochemical, microbiological, and morphological properties of cultured biofilms, distinct properties are demonstrated. This novel platform liberates designing experimental strategies for investigations of biofilms under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Dhall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravikiran Ramjee
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Min Jun Oh
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Tao
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Role of Nodulation-Enhancing Rhizobacteria in the Promotion of Medicago sativa Development in Nutrient-Poor Soils. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091164. [PMID: 35567168 PMCID: PMC9099972 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Legumes are usually used as cover crops to improve soil quality due to the biological nitrogen fixation that occurs due to the interaction of legumes and rhizobia. This symbiosis can be used to recover degraded soils using legumes as pioneer plants. In this work, we screened for bacteria that improve the legume–rhizobia interaction in nutrient-poor soils. Fourteen phosphate solubilizer-strains were isolated, showing at least three out of the five tested plant growth promoting properties. Furthermore, cellulase, protease, pectinase, and chitinase activities were detected in three of the isolated strains. Pseudomonas sp. L1, Chryseobacterium soli L2, and Priestia megaterium L3 were selected to inoculate seeds and plants of Medicago sativa using a nutrient-poor soil as substrate under greenhouse conditions. The effects of the three bacteria individually and in consortium showed more vigorous plants with increased numbers of nodules and a higher nitrogen content than non-inoculated plants. Moreover, bacterial inoculation increased plants’ antioxidant activities and improved their development in nutrient-poor soils, suggesting an important role in the stress mechanisms of plants. In conclusion, the selected strains are nodulation-enhancing rhizobacteria that improve leguminous plants growth and nodulation in nutrient-poor soils and could be used by sustainable agriculture to promote plants’ development in degraded soils.
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Flores-Duarte NJ, Pérez-Pérez J, Navarro-Torre S, Mateos-Naranjo E, Redondo-Gómez S, Pajuelo E, Rodríguez-Llorente ID. Improved Medicago sativa Nodulation under Stress Assisted by Variovorax sp. Endophytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11081091. [PMID: 35448819 PMCID: PMC9026315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are the recommended crops to fight against soil degradation and loss of fertility because of their known positive impacts on soils. Our interest is focused on the identification of plant-growth-promoting endophytes inhabiting nodules able to enhance legume growth in poor and/or degraded soils. The ability of Variovorax paradoxus S110T and Variovorax gossypii JM-310T to promote alfalfa growth in nutrient-poor and metal-contaminated estuarine soils was studied. Both strains behaved as nodule endophytes and improved in vitro seed germination and plant growth, as well as nodulation in co-inoculation with Ensifer medicae MA11. Variovorax ameliorated the physiological status of the plant, increased nodulation, chlorophyll and nitrogen content, and the response to stress and metal accumulation in the roots of alfalfa growing in degraded soils with moderate to high levels of contamination. The presence of plant-growth-promoting traits in Variovorax, particularly ACC deaminase activity, could be under the observed in planta effects. Although the couple V. gossypii-MA11 reported a great benefit to plant growth and nodulation, the best result was observed in plants inoculated with the combination of the three bacteria. These results suggest that Variovorax strains could be used as biofertilizers to improve the adaptation of legumes to degraded soils in soil-recovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noris J. Flores-Duarte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Julia Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Salvadora Navarro-Torre
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
| | - Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.F.-D.); (J.P.-P.); (E.P.)
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7
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Homero U, Tortella G, Sandoval E, Cuozzo SA. Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by Streptomyces sp. biofilms: Chemical composition and anticancer properties. Microbiol Res 2021; 253:126877. [PMID: 34644673 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have shown free radical scavenging and antitumor activity against both breast and colon cell lines. In this regard, actinobacteria have become an increasingly popular sources of EPS. Therefore, in this study four Streptomyces strains isolated from contaminated soil (M7, A5, A14 and MC1) were evaluated for determining its biofilm-forming capacity including under pesticide stress. In addition, chemical composition of EPS and its cytotoxic effects over 4T1 breast cancer cell and Caco-2 human tumor colon cells were evaluated. The results demonstrated that Streptomyces sp. A5 had the highest capability to develop biofilm more than other strains tested, even under pesticide stress. Moreover, this strain produced EPS with a total protein/total polysaccharide rate of 1.59 ± 0.05. On the other hand, cytotoxicity assays of EPS showed that Streptomyces sp. A5 display a higher toxic effect against 4T1 Breast cancer cells (96.2 ± 13.5 %), Caco-2 (73.9 ± 6.4 %) and low toxicity (29.9 % ± 9.1 %) against non-transformed intestinal cells (IEC-18). Data do not show cytotoxic effect relationship with biofilm-forming capabilities of strains, nor the chemical composition of EPS matrix. The gene that codes for polysaccharide deacetylase, parB-like and transRDD proteins, were identified. These results contribute to the knowledge about the variability of chemical composition and potential cytotoxic properties of EPS produced by Streptomyces biofilms. It proposes interesting future challenges for linking Streptomyces-based pesticide remediation technology with the development of new antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urrutia Homero
- Facultad de Ciencas Biológicas Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - E Sandoval
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Cuozzo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, T4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Abstract
Recent human activity has profoundly transformed Earth biomes on a scale and at rates that are unprecedented. Given the central role of symbioses in ecosystem processes, functions, and services throughout the Earth biosphere, the impacts of human-driven change on symbioses are critical to understand. Symbioses are not merely collections of organisms, but co-evolved partners that arise from the synergistic combination and action of different genetic programs. They function with varying degrees of permanence and selection as emergent units with substantial potential for combinatorial and evolutionary innovation in both structure and function. Following an articulation of operational definitions of symbiosis and related concepts and characteristics of the Anthropocene, we outline a basic typology of anthropogenic change (AC) and a conceptual framework for how AC might mechanistically impact symbioses with select case examples to highlight our perspective. We discuss surprising connections between symbiosis and the Anthropocene, suggesting ways in which new symbioses could arise due to AC, how symbioses could be agents of ecosystem change, and how symbioses, broadly defined, of humans and “farmed” organisms may have launched the Anthropocene. We conclude with reflections on the robustness of symbioses to AC and our perspective on the importance of symbioses as ecosystem keystones and the need to tackle anthropogenic challenges as wise and humble stewards embedded within the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik F Y Hom
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Alexandra S Penn
- Department of Sociology and Centre for Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
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Sharma S, Compant S, Franken P, Ruppel S, Ballhausen MB. It Takes Two to Tango: A Bacterial Biofilm Provides Protection against a Fungus-Feeding Bacterial Predator. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081566. [PMID: 34442645 PMCID: PMC8398733 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-bacterium interactions are widespread, encompass multiple interaction types from mutualism to parasitism, and have been frequent targets for microbial inoculant development. In this study, using in vitro systems combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR, we test whether the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans can provide protection to the plant-beneficial fungus Serendipita indica, which inhabits the rhizosphere and colonizes plants as an endophyte, from the fungus-feeding bacterium Collimonas fungivorans. We show that K. radicincitans can protect fungal hyphae from bacterial feeding on solid agar medium, with probable mechanisms being quick hyphal colonization and biofilm formation. We furthermore find evidence for different feeding modes of K. radicincitans and C. fungivorans, namely “metabolite” and “hyphal feeding”, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a bacterial, biofilm-based protection of fungal hyphae against attack by a fungus-feeding, bacterial predator on solid agar medium. Besides highlighting the importance of tripartite microbial interactions, we discuss implications of our results for the development and application of microbial consortium-based bioprotectants and biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Sharma
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (S.S.); (P.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphane Compant
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health and Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (S.S.); (P.F.); (S.R.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Ruppel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (S.S.); (P.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Max-Bernhard Ballhausen
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (S.S.); (P.F.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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