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Zhao C, Zhang Z, Li J, Lu Y, Ma F, Wang Z, Geng J, Huang B, Qin Y. Development of a Quick and Highly Sensitive Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay for Detection of Saxitoxin in Shellfish. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:341. [PMID: 39195751 PMCID: PMC11360761 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX), an exceptionally potent marine toxin for which no antidote is currently available, is produced by methanogens and cyanobacteria. This poses a significant threat to both shellfish aquaculture and human health. Consequently, the development of a rapid, highly sensitive STX detection method is of great significance. The objective of this research is to create a novel approach for identifying STX. Therefore, amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) was established using a direct competition method based on the principles of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and antigen-antibody specific binding. This method is sensitive, rapid, performed without washing, easy to operate, and can detect 8-128 ng/mL of STX in only 10 min. The limit of detection achieved by this method is as low as 4.29 ng/mL with coefficients of variation for the intra-batch and inter-batch analyses ranging from 2.61% to 3.63% and from 7.67% to 8.30%, respectively. In conclusion, our study successfully establishes a simple yet sensitive, rapid, and accurate AlphaLISA method for the detection of STX which holds great potential in advancing research on marine biotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (J.G.)
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Zong H, Shang X, Wang X, Chen T, Wang Y, Ren Y, Jiang Y, Li Y, Lv Q, Liu P. Diagnosis of septic shock by serum measurement of human neutrophil lipocalin by a rapid homogeneous assay. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113570. [PMID: 37774777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) is a marker of neutrophil activation and has a high efficacy in diagnosing bacterial infections. In this study, we applied the AlphaLISA technique to measure the serum level of HNL, evaluate HNL's efficacy in diagnosing septic shock, and identify any association between HNL level and septic patients' prognosis. METHODS We collected 146 serum samples from the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. HNL was measured by AlphaLISA and results were compared with commercial ELISA kits. We studied 78 patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis and data on their clinical and physiological characteristics were recorded. Blood levels of HNL, procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lactate were measured. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of each marker. RESULTS The AlphaLISA assay for serum HNL had a detection range from 1.5 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL and a detection time of approximately 25 min. The AlphaLISA assay's results were in high agreement with ELISA results (R2 = 0.9413). HNL levels were analyzed in sepsis patients, and HNL was significantly higher in sepsis patients with shock compared to sepsis patients without shock (median 356.47 ng/mL vs 158.93 ng/mL, P < 0.0001) and in the 28-day non-survivor group compared to the 28-day survivor group (median 331.83 ng/mL vs 175.17 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis was performed for the biomarkers. In differentiating the diagnosis of septic shock from sepsis patients, HNL was the most effective marker (AUC = 0.857), followed by PCT (AUC = 0.754) and hs-CRP (AUC = 0.627). In predicting the prognosis of septic patients, lactate had the best effect (AUC = 0.805), followed by HNL (AUC = 0.784), PCT (AUC = 0.721), and hs-CRP (AUC = 0.583). CONCLUSIONS As an assessment tool, we found that our AlphaLISA had good consistency with an ELISA and had several other advantages, including requiring a shorter processing time and detecting a wider range of serum HNL concentrations. Monitoring serum HNL levels of patients admitted to the ICU might be useful in distinguishing sepsis patients who have septic shock from other sepsis patients, indicating its value in the prediction of sepsis patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xueyi Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ting Chen
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
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Qin Y, Li J, Kuang J, Shen S, Zhou X, Zhao X, Huang B, Han B. Okadaic Acid Detection through a Rapid and Sensitive Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:501. [PMID: 37624258 PMCID: PMC10467062 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a marine biotoxin produced by microalgae, poses a significant threat to mariculture, seafood safety, and human health. The establishment of a novel, highly sensitive detection method for OA would have significant practical and scientific implications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an innovative approach for OA detection. A competitive amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) was developed using the principle of specific antigen-antibody binding based on the energy transfer between chemiluminescent microspheres. The method was non-washable, sensitive, and rapid, which could detect 2 × 10-2-200 ng/mL of OA within 15 min, and the detection limit was 4.55 × 10-3 ng/mL. The average intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 2.54% and 6.26%, respectively. Detection of the actual sample results exhibited a good correlation with high-performance liquid chromatography. In conclusion, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate AlphaLISA method was established for detecting OA and is expected to significantly contribute to marine biotoxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (B.H.); (B.H.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; (J.L.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bingnan Han
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; (J.L.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Meneely J, Greer B, Kolawole O, Elliott C. T-2 and HT-2 Toxins: Toxicity, Occurrence and Analysis: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:481. [PMID: 37624238 PMCID: PMC10467144 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major classes of mycotoxins posing serious hazards to humans and animals and potentially causing severe economic impact to the cereal industry are the trichothecenes, produced by many fungal genera. As such, indicative limits for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 were introduced in the European Union in 2013 and discussions are ongoing as to the establishment of maximum levels. This review provides a concise assessment of the existing understanding concerning the toxicological effects of T-2 and HT-2 in humans and animals, their biosynthetic pathways, occurrence, impact of climate change on their production and an evaluation of the analytical methods applied to their detection. This study highlights that the ecology of F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae as well as the influence of interacting environmental factors on their growth and activation of biosynthetic genes are still not fully understood. Predictive models of Fusarium growth and subsequent mycotoxin production would be beneficial in predicting the risk of contamination and thus aid early mitigation. With the likelihood of regulatory maximum limits being introduced, increased surveillance using rapid, on-site tests in addition to confirmatory methods will be required. allowing the industry to be proactive rather than reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Meneely
- Institute for Global Food Security, National Measurement Laboratory: Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (B.G.); (O.K.); (C.E.)
- The International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Brett Greer
- Institute for Global Food Security, National Measurement Laboratory: Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (B.G.); (O.K.); (C.E.)
- The International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Oluwatobi Kolawole
- Institute for Global Food Security, National Measurement Laboratory: Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (B.G.); (O.K.); (C.E.)
- The International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Christopher Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, National Measurement Laboratory: Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (B.G.); (O.K.); (C.E.)
- The International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang 12120, Thailand
- School of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Mhu 18, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang 12120, Thailand
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Zong H, Zhang S, Shang X, Jiang H, Zhao Z, Chen S, Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Li X, Tan L, Liu P, Lv Q, Li Y. Development of an AlphaLISA assay for sensitive and accurate detection of influenza B virus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1155551. [PMID: 37215702 PMCID: PMC10196263 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1155551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Influenza B virus (IBV) is highly contagious, spreads rapidly, and causes seasonal epidemic respiratory disease in the human population, especially in immunocompromised people and young children. Clinical manifestations in this high-risk population are often more severe than in immunocompetent hosts and sometimes atypical. Therefore, rapid, and accurate detection of IBV is important. Methods An amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) was developed for detection of IBV by optimizing the ratio of IBV antibody-labeled receptor beads, streptavidin-conjugated donor beads and biotinylated IBV antibody, as well as the optimal temperature and time conditions for incubation. Assay sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility were evaluated. A total of 228 throat swab samples and inactivated influenza B virus were tested by AlphaLISA and lateral flow colloidal gold-based immunoassay (LFIA). Results AlphaLISA produced the best results for detection of inactivated influenza B virus when IBV antibody-labeled acceptor beads were 50 μg/ mL, streptavidin-conjugated donor beads were 40 μg/mL, and biotinylated IBV antibody was 0.5 μg/mL at 37°C for 15-10 min. Under these conditions, AlphaLISA had a limit of detection of 0.24 ng/mL for the detection of influenza B nucleoprotein, did not cross react with other common respiratory viruses, and showed good reproducibility with inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-assay CV < 5%. The results of 228 clinical throat swab samples showed good agreement between AlphaLISA and LFIA (Kappa = 0.982), and AlphaLISA showed better sensitivity than LFIA for detecting inactivated influenza B virus. Conclusion AlphaLISA showed higher sensitivity and throughput in the detection of IBV and can be used for IBV diagnosis and epidemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zong
- The PLA 307 Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyi Shang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- The PLA 307 Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- The PLA 307 Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- The PLA 307 Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Lv Q, Zheng Y, Gao S, Huang W, Liu P, Kong D, Wang Y, Yu Y, Jiang Y, Jiang H. Rapid and sensitive detection of botulinum toxin type A in complex sample matrices by AlphaLISA. Front Public Health 2022; 10:987517. [PMID: 36339146 PMCID: PMC9632490 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.987517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A(BoNT/A) is a neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which can cause serious food poisoning and is recognized as a potential biological warfare agent. BoNT/A is does not degrade easily and can remain in the complex matrix for a long time. Meanwhile, the poisonous dose of botulinum toxin exceptionally low and intravenous human lethal doses estimated at 1-3 ng/kg. Therefore, sensitive and accurate detection methods suitable for testing a wide range of complex samples are urgently needed. To this end, the "amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay linked immunosorbent assay" (AlphaLISA) was established for the detection of BoNT/A and its detection efficacy in plasma, beverage, food, and other complex samples was evaluated. The results showed that this method can very effectively resist matrix interference. The detection time is rapid, reaching a detection limit for all samples of up to 0.1 ng/mL in only 30 min. BoNT/A can also be accurately detected in vomit samples of patients with clinical food poisoning. This study demonstrates that AlphaLISA is an effective tool for the detection of BoNT/A in complex samples and can potentially be developed for commercial use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yunzhou Yu
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Yongqiang Jiang
| | - Hua Jiang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Hua Jiang
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Zong H, Huang W, Kong D, Jiang Y, Liu P, Lv Q, Jiang H. Development of a rapid homogeneous immunoassay for detection of rotavirus in stool samples. Front Public Health 2022; 10:975720. [PMID: 35991049 PMCID: PMC9386352 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.975720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is the main pathogen causing acute viral gastroenteritis. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection is important to determine appropriate treatment, prevention of unnecessary antibiotics use and control of infection spread. In this study, we established a rapid, accurate, and sensitive amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) for detecting rotavirus and evaluated its efficacy in human stool samples. Our results demonstrated that the sensitivity of AlphaLISA (5−8) significantly exceeded that of the immunochromatographic assay (ICA, 5−4) for rotavirus antigen detection. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 2.99–3.85% and 5.27–6.51%, respectively. Furthermore, AlphaLISA was specific for rotavirus and did not cross-react with other common diarrhea viruses. AlphaLISA and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR, which is considered a gold standard for detecting diarrhea viruses) tests showed consistent results on 235 stool samples, with an overall consistency rate of 97.87% and a kappa value of 0.894 (P < 0.001). The overall consistency rate of ICA compared with RT-qPCR was 95.74%. AlphaLISA showed better consistency with RT-qPCR than the routinely used ICA for rotavirus detection in stool samples. The AlphaLISA method can be used in clinical practice for the rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of rotavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Liu
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- Qingyu Lv
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- Hua Jiang
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Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020121. [PMID: 35202147 PMCID: PMC8876018 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is the main highly infectious disease that severely affects the pig industry globally. T-2 toxin (T2), a significant mycotoxin, is widely spread in food and feeds and shows high toxicity to mammals. The potential mechanism of the interaction between viruses and toxins is of great research value because revealing this mechanism may provide new ideas for their joint prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the effect of T2 on PRV replication and the mechanism of action. The results showed that at a low dose (10 nM), T2 had no significant effect on porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cell viability. However, this T2 concentration alleviated PRV-induced cell injury and increased cell survival time. Additionally, the number of PK15 cells infected with PRV significantly reduced by T2 treatment. Similarly, T2 significantly decreased the copy number of PRV. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that 10 nM T2 significantly inhibits PRV replication and leads to downregulation of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the inhibition of PRV replication in PK15 cells by low-concentration T2. Taken together, we demonstrated the protective effects of T2 against PRV infection. A low T2 concentration inhibited the replication of PRV in PK15 cells, and this process was accompanied by downregulation of the oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our findings partly explain the interaction mechanism between T2 and PRV, relating to oxidative stress and apoptosis, though further research is required.
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